Sustainable Agricultural Branding in Digital Asia: A Comparative Analysis of TWG Singapore and the Tea Industry in Guizhou, China

Xiuli Chen,Kesu Lin,Zeyuan Wang,Wei Ding,Xueying Zhang,Hongying Zhu,Tao Wang,Joohan Ryoo KOREA INSTITUTE FOR HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022 Journal of Global Area Studies Review(GAS) Vol.1 No.1

Antiviral effects of Bovine antimicrobial peptide against TGEV in vivo and in vitro

Xiuli Liang,Xiaojun Zhang,Kaiqi Lian,Xiuhua Tian,Mingliang Zhang,Shiqiong Wang,Cheng Chen,Cunxi Nie,Yun Pan,Fangfang Han,Zhanyong Wei,Wen-Ju Zhang 대한수의학회 2020 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.21 No.5

Background: In suckling piglets, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) causes lethal diarrhea accompanied by high infection and mortality rates, leading to considerable economic losses. This study explored methods of preventing or inhibiting their production. Bovine antimicrobial peptide-13 (APB-13) has antibacterial, antiviral, and immune functions. Objectives: This study analyzed the efficacy of APB-13 against TGEV through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: The effects of APB-13 toxicity and virus inhibition rate on swine testicular (ST) cells were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The impact of APB-13 on virus replication was examined through the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50). The mRNA and protein levels were investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot (WB). Tissue sections were used to detect intestinal morphological development. Results: The safe and effective concentration range of APB-13 on ST cells ranged from 0 to 62.5 μg/mL, and the highest viral inhibitory rate of APB-13 was 74.1%. The log10TCID50 of 62.5 μg/mL APB-13 was 3.63 lower than that of the virus control. The mRNA and protein expression at 62.5 μg/mL APB-13 was significantly lower than that of the virus control at 24 hpi. Piglets in the APB-13 group showed significantly lower viral shedding than that in the virus control group, and the pathological tissue sections of the jejunum morphology revealed significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: APB-13 exhibited good antiviral effects on TGEV in vivo and in vitro.

PM2.5 in poultry houses synergizes with Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aggravate lung inflammation in mice through the NF-κB pathway

Meng Li,Xiuli Wei,Youzhi Li,Tao Feng,Linlin Jiang,Hongwei Zhu,Xin Yu,Jinxiu Tang,Guozhong Chen,Jianlong Zhang,Xingxiao Zhang 대한수의학회 2020 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.21 No.3

Background: High concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is an important cause of respiratory disease in animals and humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can induce severe respiratory disease in animals under stress or with abnormal immune functions. When excessively high concentrations of PM2.5 in poultry houses damage the respiratory system and impair host immunity, secondary infections with P. aeruginosa can occur and produce a more intense inflammatory response, resulting in more severe lung injury. Objectives: In this study, we focused on the synergistic induction of inflammatory injury in the respiratory system and the related molecular mechanisms induced by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa in poultry houses. Methods: High-throughput 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used for characterizing the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of the PM2.5 samples, and the effects of PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa stimulation on inflammation were detected by in vitro and in vivo. Results: Sequencing results indicated that the PM2.5 in poultry houses contained a high abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Pseudomonas (2.94%). The lung tissues of mice had more significant pathological damage when co-stimulated by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa, and it can increase the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α through nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: The results confirmed that poultry house PM2.5 in combination with P. aeruginosa could aggravate the inflammatory response and cause more severe respiratory system injuries through a process closely related to the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

New dammarane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of Panax notoginseng and their protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity

Dawei Li,Jiaqing Cao,Xiuli Bi,Xichun Xia,Wei Li,Yuqing Zhao 고려인삼학회 2014 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.38 No.1

Background: Panax notoginseng has been used as a general tonic agent to invigorate human body for millennia in China and continued to be used until present. Methods: Some chromatographic methods were performed to isolate pure triterpenoids, and their structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Anti-diabetes activities of isolated compounds were evaluated through their inhibitory activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme. Results and Conclusion: Three new dammarane-type triterpenoids, notoginsenoside-LX (1), notoginsenoside-LY (2), and notoginsenoside-FZ (3) together with eighteen known compounds were isolated from the Panax notoginseng leaves. The structure-activity relationship of the compounds with dammaranetype triterpenoids and their PTP1B inhibitory activity were also reported. Results showed that compounds 2, 15, 20, and 21 can significantly inhibit the enzyme activity of PTP1B in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values of 29.08 mM, 21.27 μM, 28.12 μM, and 26.59 μM, respectively. The results suggested that Panax notoginseng leaves might have potential as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes.

New dammarane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of Panax notoginseng and their protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity

Li, Dawei,Cao, Jiaqing,Bi, Xiuli,Xia, Xichun,Li, Wei,Zhao, Yuqing The Korean Society of Ginseng 2014 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.38 No.1

Background: Panax notoginseng has been used as a general tonic agent to invigorate human body for millennia in China and continued to be used until present. Methods: Some chromatographic methods were performed to isolate pure triterpenoids, and their structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Anti-diabetes activities of isolated compounds were evaluated through their inhibitory activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme. Results and Conclusion: Three new dammarane-type triterpenoids, notoginsenoside-LX (1), notoginsenoside-LY (2), and notoginsenoside-FZ (3) together with eighteen known compounds were isolated from the Panax notoginseng leaves. The structure-activity relationship of the compounds with dammaranetype triterpenoids and their PTP1B inhibitory activity were also reported. Results showed that compounds 2, 15, 20, and 21 can significantly inhibit the enzyme activity of PTP1B in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibitory concentration 50 ($IC_{50}$) values of $29.08{\mu}M$, $21.27{\mu}M$, $28.12{\mu}M$, and $26.59{\mu}M$, respectively. The results suggested that Panax notoginseng leaves might have potential as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes.

Purification of ginseng rare sapogenins 25-OH-PPT and its hypoglycemic, antiinflammatory and lipid-lowering mechanisms

Jing Xu,Hairong Liu,Guangyue Su,Meng Ding,Wei Wang,Jincai Lu,Xiuli Bi,Yuqing Zhao 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.1

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer has been used as a nourishing edible herb in East Asia for thousands of years. 25-OH-PPT was first discovered as a natural rare triterpenoid saponin in ginseng stems and leaves by our group. Research found that it showed strong inhibitory effects on a-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, and protected cardiocytes (H9c2) through PI3K/Akt pathway. Methods: In the research, in order to optimize the 25-OH-PPT enrichment process, optimal macroporous resins and optimal purification conditions were studied. Meanwhile, the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of 25-OH-PPT were evaluated by using STZ to establish insulin-dependent diabetic mice and the spontaneous type 2 diabetes DB/DB mice. Results and Conclusion: Research found that 25-OH-PPT can reduce blood glucose and enhance glucose tolerance in STZ model mice. It increases insulin sensitivity by upregulating GLUT4 and AMPK in skeletal muscle, and activating insulin signaling pathways. In DB/DB mice, 25-OH-PPT achieves hypoglycemic effects mainly by activating the insulin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, through the influence of liver inflammatory factors and lipids in serum, it can be seen that 25-OH-PPT has obvious anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects. These results provide new insights into the study of ginseng as a functional food.