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Cornuside inhibits glucose-induced proliferation and inflammatory response of mesangial cells
Xiaoxin Li,Lizhong Guo,Fei Huang,Wei Xu,Guiqing Peng 대한약리학회 2023 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.27 No.6
Cornuside is a secoiridoid glucoside compound extracted from the fruits of Cornus officinalis. Cornuside has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its potential therapeutic effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) have not been completely explored. In this study, we established an in vitro model of DN through treating mesangial cells (MMCs) with glucose. MMCs were then treated with different concentrations of cornuside (0, 5, 10, and 30 μM). Cell viability was determined using cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assays. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL- 1β were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of AKT and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-associated genes. We found that cornuside treatment significantly reduced glucose-induced increase in MMC viability and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, cornuside inhibited glucose-induced phosphorylation of AKT and NF-κB inhibitor alpha, decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1, and increased the expression of p21. Our study indicates that the anti-inflammatory properties of cornuside in DN are due to AKT and NF-κB inactivation in MMCs.
Zuo, Chaohui,Xia, Man,Liu, Jingshi,Qiu, Xiaoxin,Lei, Xiong,Xu, Ruocai,Liu, Hanchun,Li, Jianliang,Li, Yongguo,Li, Qinglong,Xiao, Hua,Hong, Yuan,Wang, Xiaohong,Zhu, Haizhen,Wu, Qunfeng,Burns, Michael,Li Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.1
Objectives: Intrahepatic recurrence is the major cause of death among patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative surgical resection. Several approaches have been reported to decrease the recurrence rate. The objective of our study was to compare the clinical effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with interferon-alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$) therapy on recurrence after hepatic resection in patients with HBV-related HCC with that of TACE chemotherapy alone. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from 228 patients who were diagnosed with HBV-related HCC and underwent curative resection between January 2001 to December 2008. The patients were divided into TACE (n = 126) and TACE-IFN-${\alpha}$ (n = 102) groups for postoperative chemotherapy. The TACE regimen consisted of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (DDP), and the emulsion mixed with mitomycin C (MMC) and lipiodol. The recurrence rates, disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and risk of recurrence were evaluated. Results: The clinicopathological parameters and adverse effects were similar between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The median OS for the TACE-IFN-${\alpha}$ group (36.3 months) was significantly longer than that of the TACE group (24.5 months, P < 0.05). The 3-and 5-year OS for the TACE-IFN-${\alpha}$ group were significantly longer than those of the TACE group (P < 0.05) and the recurrence rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The TACE and IFN-${\alpha}$ combination therapy, active hepatitis HBV infection, the number of tumor nodules, microvascular invasion, liver cirrhosis, and the BCLC stage were independent predictors of OS and DFS. Conclusions: The use of the TACE and IFN-${\alpha}$ combination chemotherapy after curative hepatic resection safely and effectively improves OS and decreases recurrence in patients with HBV-related HCC who are at high risk. Our findings can serve as a guide for the selection of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with HBV-related HCC who are at high risk of recurrence.
Protective effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg2 on atherosclerosis
Qianqian Xue,Tao Yu,Zhibin Wang,Xiuxiu Fu,Xiaoxin Li,Lu Zou,Min Li,Jae Youl Cho,Yanyan Yang The Korean Society of Ginseng 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.2
Background: Ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) has a variety of pharmacological activities and provides benefits during inflammation, cancer, and other diseases. However, there are no reports about the relationship between Rg2 and atherosclerosis. Methods: We used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to detect the cell viability of Rg2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression of inflammatory factors in HUVECs and the expression of phenotypic transformation-related marker in VSMCs were detected at mRNA levels. Western blot method was used to detect the expression of inflammation pathways and the expression of phenotypic transformation at the protein levels. The rat carotid balloon injury model was performed to explore the effect of Rg2 on inflammation and phenotypic transformation in vivo. Results: Rg2 decreased the expression of inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharide in HUVECs-without affecting cell viability. These events depend on the blocking regulation of NF-κB and p-ERK signaling pathway. In VSMCs, Rg2 can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs induced by platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-which may contribute to its anti-atherosclerotic role. In rats with carotid balloon injury, Rg2 can reduce intimal proliferation after injury, regulate the inflammatory pathway to reduce inflammatory response, and also suppress the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. Conclusion: These results suggest that Rg2 can exert its anti-atherosclerotic effect at the cellular level and animal level, which provides a more sufficient basis for ginseng as a functional dietary regulator.
Zipeng Gong,Ying Chen,Ruijie Zhang,Qing Yang,Yajie Wang,Yan Guo,Bingbing Zhou,Xiaogang Weng,Xuchen Liu,Yujie Li,Xiaoxin Zhu,Yu Dong 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.10
Berberine is one of active alkaloids from Rhizomacoptidis in traditional Chinese medicine. The pharmacokineticsof berberine in rat plasma were compared betweennormal and chronic visceral hypersensitivity irritable bowelsyndrome rats (CVH-IBS) established by mechanical colonirritation using angioplasty balloons for 2 weeks after oraladministration of berberine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg) withthe equivalent dose of 22 mg/kg for berberine according tobody weight. Immunohistochemical analysis of c-fos andmyosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and immunofluorescenceanalysis of MLCK in rat colon were conducted. Quantificationof berberine in rat plasma was achieved by using a sensitiveand rapidUPLC-MS/MSmethod. Plasma samples werecollected at 15 different points in time and the pharmacokineticparameters were analyzed by WinNonlin software. Thegreat different pharmacokinetic behavior of berberine wasobserved between normal and CVH-IBS model rats. Compared with normal group, T1/2 and AUC(0–t) of berberinein the model group were significantly increased, respectively(573.21 ± 127.53 vs 948.22 ± 388.57 min; 8,657.19 ±1,562.54 vs 11,415.12 ± 1,670.72 min.ng/ml). Cl/F of berberinein the model group significantly decreased, respectively(13.89 ± 1.69 vs 9.19 ± 2.91 L/h/kg). Additionally,the expressions of c-fos and MLCK in model group werehigher than those in normal group. The pharmacokinetic behaviorof berberine was significantly altered in CVH-IBSpathological conditions, which indicated the dosage modificationof berberine hydrochloride in CVH-IBS were necessary. Especially, improved exposure to berberine in ratplasma inCVH-IBSmodel rats was attributed to increased theexpression of MLCK.