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Kai‑Dong Xie,Qiang‑Ming Xia,Jun Peng,Xiao‑Meng Wu,Zong‑Zhou Xie,Chun‑Li Chen,Wen‑Wu Guo 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.2
The unreduced (2n) gametes have long been used in triploid breeding of citrus. In lemon, the previously reported mechanisms for 2n megagametophyte formation were controversial, whereas that for 2n pollen production is still unknown. Herein, the frequency of and mechanism underlying 2n megagametophyte and 2n pollen formation in ‘Eureka’ lemon were investigated based on cytological observation and genotyping of the triploid hybrids between ‘Eureka’ lemon and ‘Early gold’ sweet orange. As a result, 4.79% of the viable pollens of ‘Eureka’ lemon were identified as the 2n pollen with a larger diameter (70.16 ± 3.92 μm). The 2n pollen might be resulted from the formation of parallel spindles at meiosis stage II. Among the 204 plantlets regenerated from embryo rescue following the sexual cross, 12 were triploids as identified by flow cytometry. According to the analysis of heterozygosity transmission using 13 pericentromeric single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and 20 randomly distributed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 11 triploids were identified to be originated from the fertilization of 2n megagametophytes of ‘Eureka’ lemon, with a frequency of 5.39%. Among them, nine 2n megagametophytes were supposed to be arisen from the second division restitution (SDR), whereas the other two were from postmeiotic genome doubling (PMD). These results to understand the mechanism underlying 2n gamete formation in lemon are valuable for its efficient polyploid breeding.
Xiao Kai,Liu Xiaohui,Zhang Aidong,Zha Dingshi,Zhu WeiMin,Tan Feng,Huang Qianru,Zhou Yaru,Zhang Min,Li Jianyong,Wu Xuexia 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.5
Browning of fresh-cut eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) reduces its sensory and nutritional qualities and further influences consumption. Polyphenolic oxidases (PPOs) are key enzymes involved in browning, but the mechanisms that regulate the expression of PPO genes are still unclear. Here, 12 SmPPO genes were identified and phylogenetic analysis clustered these genes into four branches. Protein and cis-regulatory element analyses showed that the SmPPO gene family has a conserved gene structure and diverse functions. Gene expression analysis in different tissues showed that the expression of SmPPO2, SmPPO3, SmPPO6, SmPPO7, and SmPPO10 was higher in the flesh of the browning-sensitive inbred line ‘36’ than in the flesh of the browning-resistant line ‘Fu’. Furthermore, almost all SmPPO genes in ‘36’ were upregulated at 4 °C and 36 °C compared with those in ‘Fu’, and the expression increased earlier after harvest. In addition, SmPPO1, SmPPO6, SmPPO7, and SmPPO10 expression was significantly elevated in ‘36’ after 2 days at 36 °C. These results suggest that SmPPOs are key modulators of eggplant browning and provide candidate genes for further research on the mechanisms regulating fruit browning.
공동충전재로써 각종 산업부산물을 활용한 CLSM의 현장적용 가능성 평가
료효개(Xiao-kai Liao),김동훈(Dong-Hun Kim) 한국건설순환자원학회 2020 한국건설순환자원학회 논문집 Vol.8 No.4
본 연구에서는 다량의 산업부산물 및 폐기물을 안전하게 유효 활용할 수 있는 CLSM의 기초적 물성시험을 통해 FA 및 잔골재의 대체 재료로써 GBFS 및 FNS, FGB의 적용가능성을 검토하였다. 나아가, 도로 및 노면하부, 포토홀 등의 공동충전재로서의 현장적용 가능성에 대해서도 검토하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, GBFS 및 FNS, FGB를 활용한 CLSM의 경우 GBFS 및 FNS는 각각 30% 이상, FGB는 5% 이내에서 적정 혼합하면 현장적용을 위한 유동성 개선에 유효한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, GF15B5는 Base 대비 동등 정도의 블리딩율이 GF30B5는 Base 대비 0.17% 정도 블리딩을 억제할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, Base 대비 GF15는 0.2%, GF30 및 GF45는 각각 0.26% 및 0.3% 정도 블리딩을 억제할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, GF15B5 및 GF30B5 모두 7일 강도가 0.4MPa을 초과하여 현장적용을 만족하였고 또한, 초기강도의 증가비율이 Base 대비 각각 323% 및 233% 높게 나타나는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한, GF의 경우도 현장적용을 위한 7일 강도가 0.2MPa 이상을 모두 만족하였고 Base 대비 GF15는 160%, GF30 및 GF45는 각각 237% 및 185% 정도의 높은 강도증가비율이 확인되었다. 넷째, GBFS 및 FNS, FGB를 복합적으로 활용한 CLSM의 경우 Cr의 농도가 비교적 높게 용출되는 것으로 파악되어 대량의 지하수 및 침투수가 유입되는 환경하에서는 Cr의 용출에 의한 환경적 안전성 검토가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. In this research, a physical property test of CLSM, which can safely and effectively utilize a great number of industrial byproducts and waste types, was used to review the applicability of GBFS, FNS, and FGB, as well as their field applicabilities as cavity fillers, and the following conclusions have been reached. first, For CLSM utilizing GBFS, FNS, and FGB, it was revealed that a proper mixing of over 30% of GBFS and FNS or within 5% of FGB is effective in improving the fluidity for field application. second, It was revealed that GF15B5 can suppress bleeding at a similar level as the base, whereas GF30B5 can do so at about 0.17% compared to the base. It was also verified that GF15, GF30, and GF45 can suppress bleeding at about 0.2%, 0.26%, and 0.3%, respectively, compared to the base. third, Both GF15B5 and GF30B5 exceeded 0.4MPa in 7day strength tests to satisfy the field application and, also, the rates of increase of their initial strengths were found to be 323% and 233% higher than the base, respectively. Meanwhile, the 7day strength test of GF, which utilizes GBFS and FNS, also reached over 0.2MPa for field application, and it was revealed that GF15, GF30, and GF45 show 160%, 237%, and 185% higher strength increase rates, respectively, compared to the base.
친환경 전통미장재료를 혼입한 사벽용 벽체의 내구성 평가
료효개 ( Liao Xiao-kai ),김동훈 ( Kim Dong-hun ),임남기 ( Lim Nam-gi ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2017 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.21 No.1
The In the experiment on flow using sand walls, when white clay + sand was mixed with glutinous rice, traditional paper and seaweed as adherents and preventive measures for cracks, the flow was higher than other sand wall mortars. This indicates that it is effective in improving flow. Moreover, in terms of strength, a mix of white clay+ sand, traditional paper and flour had a greater strength than a mix of white clay + sand, straws and flour. In the experiment to test for cracks and shrinking during drying, a composition of white clay + sand + traditional paper showed fewer cracks and less shrinking than the walls where straws were mixed in.
친환경 미장재료로서 사벽재료를 혼입한 모르타르 및 벽체의 기초적 물성
료효개 ( Liao Xiao-kai ),김동훈 ( Kim Dong-hun ),임남기 ( Lim Nam-gi ) 한국건축시공학회 2017 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.17 No.1
The In the experiment on flow using sand walls, when white clay+sand was mixed with glutinous rice, traditional paper and seaweed as adherents and preventive measures for cracks, the flow was higher than other sand wall mortars. This indicates that it is effective in improving flow. Moreover, in terms of strength, a mix of white clay+sand, traditional paper and flour had a greater strength than a mix of white clay+sand, straws and flour. In the experiment to test for cracks and shrinking during drying, a composition of white clay+sand+traditional paper showed fewer cracks and less shrinking than the walls where straws were mixed in.
Heavy concrete shielding properties for carbon therapy
Jin-Long Wang,Jiade J Lu,Da-Jun Ding,Wen-Hua Jiang,Ya-Dong Li,Rui Qiu,Hui Zhang,Xiao-Zhong Wang,Huo-Sheng Ruan,Yan-Bing Teng,Xiao-Guang Wu,Yun Zheng,Zi-Hao Zhao,Kai-Zhong Liao,Huan-Cheng Mai,Xiao-Dong Korean Nuclear Society 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.6
As medical facilities are usually built at urban areas, special concrete aggregates and evaluation methods are needed to optimize the design of concrete walls by balancing density, thickness, material composition, cost, and other factors. Carbon treatment rooms require a high radiation shielding requirement, as the neutron yield from carbon therapy is much higher than the neutron yield of protons. In this case study, the maximum carbon energy is 430 MeV/u and the maximum current is 0.27 nA from a hybrid particle therapy system. Hospital or facility construction should consider this requirement to design a special heavy concrete. In this work, magnetite is adopted as the major aggregate. Density is determined mainly by the major aggregate content of magnetite, and a heavy concrete test block was constructed for structural tests. The compressive strength is 35.7 MPa. The density ranges from 3.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup> to 4.14 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, and the iron mass content ranges from 53.78% to 60.38% from the 12 cored sample measurements. It was found that there is a linear relationship between density and iron content, and mixing impurities should be the major reason leading to the nonuniform element and density distribution. The effect of this nonuniformity on radiation shielding properties for a carbon treatment room is investigated by three groups of Monte Carlo simulations. Higher density dominates to reduce shielding thickness. However, a higher content of high-Z elements will weaken the shielding strength, especially at a lower dose rate threshold and vice versa. The weakened side effect of a high iron content on the shielding property is obvious at 2.5 µSv=h. Therefore, we should not blindly pursue high Z content in engineering. If the thickness is constrained to 2 m, then the density can be reduced to 3.3 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, which will save cost by reducing the magnetite composition with 50.44% iron content. If a higher density of 3.9 g/cm<sup>3</sup> with 57.65% iron content is selected for construction, then the thickness of the wall can be reduced to 174.2 cm, which will save space for equipment installation.
Novel Active Voltage Quality Regulator with Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control
Xiao, Guochun,Zeng, Zhong,Liu, Kai,Hu, Zhiliang,Wang, Zhaoan The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.6
In this paper, a novel Active Voltage Quality Regulator (AVQR) topology with a thyristor rectifier and an adaptive dclink voltage control strategy are proposed. The proposed AVQR can efficiently mitigate the long duration variations (e.g. undervoltages/overvoltages), voltage imbalances and voltage harmonics. Compared with conventional AVQRs, it can regulate the load voltage very well with a much lower dc-link voltage. This is accomplished by replacing the diode rectifier with a thyristor rectifier. Moreover, its dc-link voltage can vary with the deviations of the supply voltage through the proposed adaptive dc-link voltage control strategy. All of these contribute to its significantly higher efficiency for online operating, which is very important and attractive for many applications. The proposed topology and control strategy are theoretically analyzed in detail. Simulation results are also provided in the paper. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by means of experimental results from a 2kVA prototype. Both of the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed AVQR can achieve a much higher efficiency and similar regulation performance when compared with the conventional ones.