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Wen Zhong-Ling,Yang Min-Kai,Fazal Aliya,Liao Yong-Hui,Cheng Lin-Run,Hua Xiao-Mei,Hu Dong-Qing,Shi Ji-Sen,Yang Rong-Wu,Lu Gui-Hua,Qi Jin-Liang,Zhi Hong,Qian Qiu-Ping,Yang Yong-Hua 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.8
In this study, two soybean genotypes, i.e., aluminum-tolerant Baxi 10 (BX10) and aluminumsensitive Bendi 2 (BD2), were used as plant materials and acidic red soil was used as growth medium. The soil layers from the inside to the outside of the root are: rhizospheric soil after washing (WRH), rhizospheric soil after brushing (BRH) and rhizospheric soil at two sides (SRH), respectively. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene amplicons via Illumina MiSeq. The results of alpha diversity analysis showed that the BRH and SRH of BX10 were significantly lower in community richness than that of BD2, while the WRH exhibited no significant difference between BX10 and BD2. Among the three sampling compartments of the same soybean genotype, WRH had the lowest community richness and diversity while showing the highest coverage. Beta diversity analysis results displayed no significant difference for any compartment between the two genotypes, or among the three different sampling compartments for any same soybean genotype. However, the relative abundance of major bacterial taxa, specifically nitrogen-fixing and/or aluminum-tolerant bacteria, was significantly different in the compartments of the BRH and/or SRH at phylum and genus levels, indicating genotype-dependent variations in rhizosphere bacterial communities. Strikingly, as compared with BRH and SRH, the WRH within the same genotype (BX10 or BD2) always had an enrichment effect on rhizosphere bacteria associated with nitrogen fixation
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Reasoning and fuzzy comprehensive assessment methods based CAD system for boiler intelligent design
Yue-xi Yu,Hong-kai Liao,Yi Zhou,Wei Zhong 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.3
Boilers are key industrial equipment in the field of modern manufacturing. In this study, rule-based reasoning (RBR) and case-basedreasoning (CBR) are applied into the boiler intelligent design. RBR is adopted to perform like a “sieve” for the acquisition of candidatestructure modules. Then, fuzzy comprehensive assessment method is used to select an optimal structure module among the candidates. The optimal structure module is subjected to the CBR process, which includes modification and case retention. It is a minor adjustmentprocess that needs a great amount of prior knowledge. The case retention process gives the system a self-enrich function, which will improvethe design ability of the system with continuous use of the system. A case study is presented to validate the correctness and efficiencyof proposed method.
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Zhang, Jiliang,Lau, Vincent Wing-hei,Liao, Chang-Zhong,Wong, Kam Wa,Lee, Gi-Hyeok,Zou, Feng,Chang, Chung-Kai,Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn,Kang, Yong-Mook American Chemical Society 2019 Chemistry of materials Vol.31 No.4
<P>Doping is one of the most important ways to tailor the performance of energy materials. However, the crystal structure of doped materials is usually oversimplified as a simple substitution of dopants. Here, we characterized the doped α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> with different Cu cations using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemically evaluated it as an anode in lithium batteries. The results suggest that doping is not the simple replacement of Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> sites by Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> or Cu<SUP>+</SUP> but induces a complex local structure change, which may be a characteristic of this class of materials. In Cu<SUP>+</SUP>-doped samples, Cu<SUP>+</SUP> not only replaces the Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> site and distorts the FeO<SUB>6</SUB> octahedra, but also gives rise to oxygen vacancies in CuO<SUB>6</SUB> octahedra in the bulk structure and peroxides at the surface, leading to uniform precipitation of Cu as a conductive and buffering agent. These CuO<SUB>6</SUB> octahedra also facilitate homogeneous reactions (electrochemical reduction of Cu<SUP>+</SUP> and Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> together) and the formation of high quality solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layers. All these factors account for its improved electrochemical performance (discharge capacity of 841(25) mAh/g against 758(21) mAh/g of undoped one, after 80 cycles at 100mA/g). In Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>-doped samples, Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> takes both Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> and empty octahedral interstitial sites, forming linear clusters of three neighboring CuO<SUB>6</SUB> octahedra. Such medium-range phase separation causes electrochemical reduction to metallic Cu before the reduction of Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>, leading to inactive surface Cu that contributes to poor SEI layers and deteriorates its electrochemical performances. The present work allows a better understanding of how doping affects the crystallographic structures and offers insights into how this strategy can be employed to improve electrochemical performance, in contrast to the ambiguity over material properties associated with the commonly accepted model of simple atomic replacement.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
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Heavy concrete shielding properties for carbon therapy
Jin-Long Wang,Jiade J Lu,Da-Jun Ding,Wen-Hua Jiang,Ya-Dong Li,Rui Qiu,Hui Zhang,Xiao-Zhong Wang,Huo-Sheng Ruan,Yan-Bing Teng,Xiao-Guang Wu,Yun Zheng,Zi-Hao Zhao,Kai-Zhong Liao,Huan-Cheng Mai,Xiao-Dong Korean Nuclear Society 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.6
As medical facilities are usually built at urban areas, special concrete aggregates and evaluation methods are needed to optimize the design of concrete walls by balancing density, thickness, material composition, cost, and other factors. Carbon treatment rooms require a high radiation shielding requirement, as the neutron yield from carbon therapy is much higher than the neutron yield of protons. In this case study, the maximum carbon energy is 430 MeV/u and the maximum current is 0.27 nA from a hybrid particle therapy system. Hospital or facility construction should consider this requirement to design a special heavy concrete. In this work, magnetite is adopted as the major aggregate. Density is determined mainly by the major aggregate content of magnetite, and a heavy concrete test block was constructed for structural tests. The compressive strength is 35.7 MPa. The density ranges from 3.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup> to 4.14 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, and the iron mass content ranges from 53.78% to 60.38% from the 12 cored sample measurements. It was found that there is a linear relationship between density and iron content, and mixing impurities should be the major reason leading to the nonuniform element and density distribution. The effect of this nonuniformity on radiation shielding properties for a carbon treatment room is investigated by three groups of Monte Carlo simulations. Higher density dominates to reduce shielding thickness. However, a higher content of high-Z elements will weaken the shielding strength, especially at a lower dose rate threshold and vice versa. The weakened side effect of a high iron content on the shielding property is obvious at 2.5 µSv=h. Therefore, we should not blindly pursue high Z content in engineering. If the thickness is constrained to 2 m, then the density can be reduced to 3.3 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, which will save cost by reducing the magnetite composition with 50.44% iron content. If a higher density of 3.9 g/cm<sup>3</sup> with 57.65% iron content is selected for construction, then the thickness of the wall can be reduced to 174.2 cm, which will save space for equipment installation.
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