성의식구조 및 행동양식이 청소년비행에 미치는 영향분석

함웅,이길홍,이규항,민병근 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1985 中央醫大誌 Vol.10 No.2

The present study was intended to investigate the differences of sexual attitude and behavior pattern between student and delinquent adolescents and to establish basic guide-line data for guiding adolescent delinquent, A questionaire method was used to collect the data from 1440 students of 8 junior and senior high schools in Seoul and other areas and 1'57 delinquent adolescents in 4 randomly selected correctional institution. The data were processed by a CDC-174 computer housed in the KALST using SPSS program, The statistical method employed were chi-square test, eta analysis, t-test and multiple discriminant function analysis, Results of the study were as follow. 1. Delinquent adolescents tended to have distorted sexual knowledge mainly through their peers and monthly magazine for women or adults and leatnt them later than student adolescents. They, also, want to have chance of sexual education for menstruation and pregnancy. It will be necessary to provide proper sexual education at early childhood by parents or teachers to prevent delinquent behaviors. 2. Delinquent group bad much more curiosity on sexual article than students group did, while they feltless guilt or shame. They showed their sexual behaviors or much more sexual urges after watching sexual scenes on television, It can be inferred from this finding that mass media such as television or magazine are important influencing factor for delinquent's sexual problems and need to reconsider their role at the educational point of view. 3. Delinquent adolescent had experienced higher dating with opposite sex partner than students, usually solo date rather than group date. This result suggested that adolesent related social organization or agency as well as parents should not allow adolescents to have any secret solo date or constraint date absolutely, but encourage sound dating experiences as group date. 4. Result of analysis on influencing mode of adolescent sexual behavior revealed that delinquent adolescents tended to have more cohabitation with opposite sexual partner, increased sexual urges after viewing sexual scences on television program, hanging around merry making place, watching youth forbidden movies, camping with opposite sex partner, and experience of kissing and embracing or coitus. 5. It was appeared that student and delinguent adolescents could be discriminated enoughly by 28 variables among 44 sexual related events. 6. It was revealed that cohabitation with opposite sexual partner functioned as the most important determinant of delinquent behavior in terms of discriminant analysis. Among the variables of sexual attitudes and behaviors, increased sexual urges after viewing sexual scences on television program, watching youth forbidden movies, dating experiences, sex education about purity, collecting pictures, kissing and embracing, age at first learning about sex, articles on extramarital affairs, penletters, articles on private life of public entertainer, experience of coitus, camping with opposite sex partner, and sex education about sexual relation were the contributing factors influencing on adolescent delinquent behaviors in these orders. In other words, delinquent adolescents had experienced much more sexual behaviors including increased sexual urges after viewing sexual scences on television program, dating and camping or kissing and embracing with opposite sex partners, and coitus. They experienced highly sexual concern about watching youth forbidden movies, collecting pictures, and articles on private life of public entertainers.

정신병환자의 통합치료를 위한 낮병원 모델

함웅,김선재,윤성철,성상경,이규항,이후경 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.6

본 연구는 통합치료를 위한 낮병원 모델을 소개하고, 이 모델의 낮병원 치료를 시행하여 그 결과를 평가하고 시행과정 중에 나타난 특징을 분석하며, 우리 실정에 맞는 낮병원 모델을 발전시켜. 정신병환자를 효과적으로 돕고 사회 재적응을 촉진시키기 위한 목적으로 실시되었다. 본 모델의 낮병원 치료를 1996년 5월부터 12월까지 총 25명의 환자를 대상으로 실시하였다. BPRS. 삶의 만족 척도, 프로그램 유익성 척도, 13가지 치료요인 척도, 가장 중요한 사건 설문지를 낮병원 치료초기와 말기에 시행하여 그 결과를 중심으로 낮병원 모델에 대한 평가를 하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 본 낮병원 모델은 나이, 입원횟수, 유병기간. 기능수준에 있어 다양한 환자들에게 광범위한 치료를 제공할 수 있었다. 2)본 낮병원 모델은 치료효과라는 측면에서 볼 때 주로 음상증상을 호전시키고 주관적인 삶의 만족도를 높여주는데 기여하였다. 3) 상위기능집단과 하위기능집단으로 나누었을 때 상위기능집단에서는 집단정신치료, 싸이코드라마등 비구조적이고 자신의 내면을 깊이 있게 탐구를 할 수 있는 치료를 높이 평가하였으나 하위기능집단에서는 그렇지 않았다. 그러므로 두 집단으로 나누어 낮병원 치료를 진행하는 것이 더 효과적일 수 있다. 4) 치료요인의 결과를 살펴보면 상위기능집단과 하위기능집단 모두 치료가 진행됨에 따라 작용하는 치료요인에 차이가 있었으며. 상위기능집단은 말기에 대인관계학습을 더 중요시하였고. 하위기능집단은 말기에 사회화 기술의 발달을 더 중요시하였다 그러므로 상위기능집단은 낮병원 종결 후 장기외래환자 집단정신치료에. 하위기능집단은 사회복귀시설에 참여하는 것이 타당할 것으로 생각된다. 5) 본 낮병원 모델은 전체적으로 운영하기가 편하였고, 치료인력을 최대한 효율적으로 사용 할 수 있게 하였다. Objects : The purpose of this study was to present a day hospital model(hereinafter called as "this model" ) for integrated therapy, to evaluate the result of performing this model, and thus to develop day hospital model for helping psychotic patients effectively and promoting social re-adaptation. Methods : The authors performed this day hospital model from 1996, May to December. A total of 25 psychotic patients participated in this study. BPRS, Life Satisfaction Se1f-Rating Scale, Program Helpfulness Scale, 13 Therapeutic Factors Scale, and Most Important Event Questionnaire were used at the start of day hospital treatment and at the end. Results : The results were as fo11ows : 1) In this model, It was possible to offer the wide treatment to heterogeneous patients who varied in age, number of admission, duration of illness, and functional level. 2) In the aspect of therapeutic effect, this model contributed for improving negative symptoms and increasing subjective life satisfaction 3) When the patients were divided into the higher functional level group and the lower functional level group, the higher functional level group set a high value on group psycho-therapy and psychodrama that were unstructured and could make patients explore their inner side deeply. But the lower functional level group did not so. Therefore dividing into two groups by functional level may be more effective for day hospital treatment. 4) Therapeutic factors were different between the periods of der hospital treatment. And in the higher functional level group, 'interpersonal learning' was important at the last period, but in the lower functional level group, 'socializing technique' was important at the last period. So long-term group psychotherapy may be more suitable for the artier-care of the higher functional level group, and day care or other psychosocial rehabilitation programs may be more suitable for the after-care of the lower functional level group. 5) This model was easy to apply to Korean day hospital setting, and made staffs treat patients efficiently. Conclusion: This day hospital model would be used effectively and efficiently in Korean day hospital setting.

韓國人의 表在性 및 深在性 眞菌症에 관한 硏究補遺

李雄烈,李季淑,朴承咸 한양대학교 의과대학 1983 한양의대 학술지 Vol.3 No.1

The study was made in order to investigate the present status of the superficial and the deep mycosis in Korea. The incidence and the organism by the mycological observations were reviewed. The study was made by the previously reported articles by many authors in Korea and and the results are as follows: 1. Dermatomycosis shows male predominace and the second decade shows peak incidence in age group. Trichophyton ferrugineum was markedly decreased and Trichophyton rubrum was increased. Thinea capitis was decreased and Tinea pedis was increased. 2. Otomycosis shows male predominance and the most important causative organism was Aspergillus species. 3. 87 cases of deep mycosis were reviewed and Aspergillosis and Cryptococcosis shows most high incidence. 4. 80 cases of Sporotrichosis was reported and shows peak incidence in third decade, male patient in Chon-nam area.

두개강내 침습을 동반한 다발성 골수종 치험 1예

함기백,고윤웅,민유홍,이선주,한지숙,선우일남 大韓血液學會 1985 大韓血液學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

측두엽 간질과 우울의 관계

황성훈,함웅 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : Regarding the relationship between the laterality of seizure focus and depression in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), previous studies reported inconsistent results. The role of frontal function as moderating variable between laterality and depres-sion had been proposed. We attempted to replicate functional involvement of frontal lobe (FIFL) and, as an effort to extend previous findings, to test the functional involvement of parietal lobe (FIPL) to prove the hypothesis derived from Heller's Valen-cearousal theory of emotion. Methods : In study 1, Patients with TLE (right 19, left 17) performed MMPI-D as a depression measure, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) as a frontal function measure, and block design (BD) as a parietal function measure in the course of pre-operation assessment. Multiple regression model of depression which includes the interaction terms both between laterality and WCST and between laterality and BD were tested, In study 2, Patients underwent anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL ; right 20, left 25) were assessed and analyzed in the same way as study 1. Results : In study 1, contrary to the FIFL and FIPL prediction, interaction of laterality with WCST or BD were not significant. In study 2, the interaction with frontal function was significant, Consistent with FLFL prediction, depression came to be evident when seizure focus was lateralized to the left side and simultaneously frontal function declined. But the interaction with BD remained insignificant, which suggests the invalidity of FIPL hypothesis. Conclusion : We replicated the FIFL hypothesis in the depression of ATL patients. The relation of depression with frontal function was more evident in post rather than pre operation sample. This pattern may be due to the inter-hemispheric interference of frontal functions in pre-operation sample and to the release-of-function phenomenon in post-operation sample. On the other hand, we did not succeed in confirming the role of pahetal function in depression. Intactness of the parietal function in TLE was considered as the main cause of the negative finding.

양성 및 음성 정신분열병 아형에서 사고의 정신병리적 특성에 관한 비교연구

김종숙,함웅,홍광화 대한신경정신의학회 1994 신경정신의학 Vol.33 No.3

The authors have studied the content and severity of thought disorder between the subjects of the positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenia. It's hypothetical ground is that the positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenics might bear highly significant differences in the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, psychopathology, also therapeutic and prognostic terms. In that regards, the author reported the neuropsychological significance in differentiating the two subtypes from each other, such that the negative subtype showed the worse function in the short-term recall against the auditory stimuli than the positive. To comparatively analyze the content and severity of thought disorder between the two subtypes, the authors utilized the Thought Discorder Index(TDI) scores and Holt's scale of the primary process thinking content. The results were as follows: 1) The total score of TDI as a whole, showed somewhat more thought disorder in the positive subtype subjects than the negative, though this failed to reach the statistical significance. In 0.75 level of TDI, the positive subtype subjects showed statistically significantly worse thought disorder than the negative. 2) In the comparative study of the primary process thinking content, the positive subtype subjects showed degree in the aggressive content but lower degree in the anxiety content than the negative subtype subjects with statistical significance. 3) In the correlation study, 0.5 level of TDI correlated with the libidinal content of the primary process with blunted affect and the aggressive content with lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation. The above result might suggest that the positive subtype of schizophrenia demonstrated more severe thought disorder, if we regard that responses scored at the 0.75 level of TDI represent clear thought disturbances. The negative subtype of schizophrenia tends to possess higher anxious and libidinal content of the primary process thinking.

최근 분리된 Campylobacter fetus subsp . jejuni 에 관한 소고

박승함,이웅열 대한미생물학회 1982 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

Campylobacter fefms subsp. Jejuni was isolated from 7 stool specimens (4g) from the total number. Of 175 stoal specimens during February and March, 1982 and the 15 specimens (39, gg) from 3g stool spicimens of the chicken m ihe urban aiea of Seoul. All isolates showed typical characteristics of the Campylobacter fetus subsp. Jejuni in Gram reac- tion, morphology and biochemical tests. They were all resistant to cephazolin and sensitive to gen- tamicin and chloramphenicol. During same period of time, the shigella was isolated lrom Il stool specimens and the salmonella was isolated from 1 stool specimen.

Serum Levels of Growth Factors in Alcohol-dependent Patients according to Comorbid Depressive Symptoms

Changwoo Han,Donghyun Ahn,Woong Hahm,Junghyun Nam,Yongchon Park,Seulgi Lim,Dai-Jin Kim 대한정신약물학회 2016 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.14 No.1

Objective: This study aims to reveal the relationship of depression with growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in inpatients diagnosed with alcohol depend-ence, and to identify candidate growth factors as biological markers to indicate the comorbid of alcohol dependence and depression. Methods: This study examined demographic factors in 45 alcohol-dependent patients. The ADS (Korean version of the Alcohol Dependence Scale) and BDI (Korean version of Beck’s Depression Inventory) were used. BDNF, NGF, and IGF-1 were measured through ELISA. Results: The average drinking quantity and the ADS score were significantly more severe in alcohol-dependent patients with depression than in those without depression. Linearly comparing BDNF, NGF, and IGF-1 with BDI values, IGF-1 was the growth factor significantly correlated with BDI scores. BDI scores were significantly correlated with ADS scores. IGF-1 was significantly higher in alcohol-dependent patients with depression. Alcohol-dependent patients with depression had greater alcohol use and more severe ADS scores. BDNF and NGF showed no significant difference between alcohol-dependent patients with and without depression, but IGF-1 was significantly higher in those with than in those without depression. Conclusion: IGF-1 was found to be associated with depression in alcohol-dependent patients, suggesting that IGF-1 in alco-hol-dependent patients could be an important biomarker to indicate whether alcohol-dependence is accompanied by depression.

주치의 중심의 통합적인 입원환자 집단정신치료 모델

윤성철,이후경,함웅,이규항 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.1

본 연구는 주치의 중심의 집단정신치료 모델을 소개하고, 이 모델의 시행과정에서 나타난 특징을 분석하며, 집단치료를 쉽게 적용하여 효과적으로 입원환자 치료를 할 수 있는 계기를 마련하려는 목적으로 이루어졌다. 본 모델의 집단치료를 최근 6개월간 25명의 입원환자를 대상으로 시행해 보고 각종 검사들을 통해 본 모델을 평가하였다. 또한 본 모델에 대한 총체적인 분석을 하여 전체적인 이해에 도움을 얻고자 하였다. 본 모델의 집단치료에 대한 객관적 자료의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 본 모델의 집단치료는 전체적으로 환자의 증상호전에 도움이 되었으며, 환자들은 집단치료를 중요하고 유익한 것으로 평가하였다. 2) 치료요인 중 치료자와의 동일시가 상위 순위를 차지하였다. 이는 치료자 자신이 치료의 중요한 도구가 됨을 의미한다. 그러므로 치료자와 환자의 관계를 통해 치료가 이루어지며, 치료자의 인격이 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 3) 상위기능집단과 하위기능집단의 치료요인에는 많은 차이가 있었으며, 다양한 치료요인을 상호보완적으로 이용할 수 있었다. 4) 13가지 치료요인에 대한 반복적인 검사는, 인지행동치료 이론 중 자기교화훈련 (self-instructive training)과 같이 자연스럽게 치료요인을 익히게 하였고, 가장 중요한 사건에 대한 설문지는 일기와 마찬가지로 자기성찰의 기회를 제공하였다. 본 모델의 집단 치료에 대한 총체적인 분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 집단치료는 치료자와 환자의 인간적인 만남의 장을 제공하였다. 2) 본 모델의 집단치료는 치료자가 전체적으로 운영하기 쉬웠고, 종합적인 치료적 접근을 하는데 도움이 되었다. 3) 집단치료를 통해 병에 대한 인식을 증진시키고 치료의 동기를 부여하여 퇴원후 외래치료나 낮병원치료를 지속할 수 있는 기반을 마련하였고, 심리적 심성의 배양, 의사소통 능력의 향상, 감정을 경험할 수 있는 능력의 향상 등을 통해 외래집단치료나 개인정신치료를 할 수 있는 기반을 마련하게 되었다. 4) 본 모델의 집단치료는 사회사업가, 간호사, 실습학생 등을 보조자아(auxiliary ego)를 활용하여 건강한 자아(healthy ego)의 역할을 담당하게 함으로써 치료를 활성화하였다. 5) 집단치료를, 전공의 및 의과대학생의 교육과 사회 사업가 및 타과학생들의 교육에 실제적이고도 효과적인 도구로 사용하였다. Objects : The purpose of this study was to present a model of inpatient group psychotherapy led by a doctor in charge, to evaluate this model in practice, and to give a effective inpatient treatment by application of this model. Methods : The subject composed of 25 psychiatric inpatient. The authors performed this model of group psychotherapy for 6 months and evaluate this model by objective data. Also we analyzed this model globally to get comprehensive understandings. Results : The results of the objective data were as follows : 1) This model was effective to subside patients' symptoms. And the patients estimated this model to be important and helpful to them. 2) Identification with therapist' among therapeutic factors was high rank. This meant that therapist him- or her-self is a important tool for therapy. 3) Therapeutic factors in upper level group was much different from those in lower level group. And various therapeutic factors was used complementarily between two groups. 4) to check '13 therapeutic factors' repeatedly made the patients acquire therapeutic factors spontaneously. And to check 'the most important event' repeatedly gave the opportunity of self-reflection. The results of global analysis to this model were as follows: 1) This group psychotherapy gave a field in which a therapist met patients as human being. 2) This model was easy to perform, and helpful to comprehensive therapeutic approach. 3) This model was able to make the basis of continuous outpatient and day hospital treatment, and the basis of outpatient group psychotherapy or individual psychotherapy. 4) In this model, social workers, nurses, or students in practice played a role of the healthy ego. Therefore they were able to activate group psychotherapy. 5) This model was a practical and useful tool of the education for psychiatric residents, medical students, social works, and other students. Conclusion : This model of group psychotherapy was useful for inpatient treatment and easy to perform in general.

한국어판 병동매일행동척도 개발

임호섭,신경철,함웅,채정호,김한오,정찬호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.2

Objectives : Patient's behavior features are important factors which influences the clinical judgement including diagnosis. However, most psychiatrists build up a picture of patients' behavior from an amalgamation of their own brief observations and nurses' reports, which often lack in the objectiveness. Several behavioral scales have been developed to alleviate this difficulty, but the poor efficiency and reliability of these scales have made them less useful. The recently developed Ward Daily Behavior Scale is an objective tool for evaluating all the daily noteworthy behaviors of patients, and is easily applicable to wide ranges of diagnoses and ages. This study tried to prove the reliability and validity of the Ward Daily Behavior Scale-Korean version. Methods : The 112 patients, 63 males and 49 females, at a chronic psychiatric inpatient ward were selected as subjects. Experienced and unexperienced nurses rated patients' behaviors independently with the Ward Daily Behavior Scale-Korean version, after observing behaviors of subjects for 8 hours during day duty time. And then we tested the inter-rater reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity of this scale. Results : The Ward Daily Behavior Scale-Korean version proved to be both reliable and valid for measuring of behaviors of psychiatric inpatients. Conclusions : The Ward Daily Behavior Scale-Korean version will be a valuable tool to observe and quantify patients' behavior in psychiatric wards.