Video Streaming over HTTP/2: Design and Evaluation of Adaptive Server-Paced Push

Huei-Wen Ferng,Shan-Hsiang Shen,Chih-Wei Lai 한국통신학회 2021 Journal of communications and networks Vol.23 No.2

By using the server push of the hypertext transfer pro tocol (HTTP) version 2.0, i.e., HTTP/2, along with the techniqueof server pacing, a novel scheme is proposed in this paper to de liver video segments. Furthermore, the load of bitrate adaptationis shifted to the server to avoid bandwidth competition and wastagecaused by bitrate switching. It can be explicitly shown that no sig nificant overhead is brought by our proposed scheme via complex ity analysis. Moreover, our proposed scheme generates one HTTPrequest only. With extensive simulations, we successfully demon strate that it is superior over the closely related schemes in termsof the average achievable bitrate, the number of buffer stalls, theratio of unclaimed pushes, etc., in particular, when a harsh networkcondition arises.

The impact of corticosteroid use on inpatients with inflammatory bowel disease and positive polymerase chain reaction for Clostridium difficile

Huei-Wen Lim,Isaiah P. Schuster,Ramona Rajapakse,Farah Monzur,Sundas Khan,Keith Sultan 대한장연구학회 2019 Intestinal Research Vol.17 No.2

Background/Aims: Optimal management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with concomitant Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is controversial, especially when CDI diagnosis is made by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, which may reflect colonization without infection. Methods: We performed a multicenter review of all inpatients with IBD and PCR diagnosed CDI. Outcomes included length of stay, 30- and 90-day readmission, colectomy during admission and within 3 months, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, CDI relapse and death for patients who received corticosteroid (CS) after CDI diagnosis versus those that did not. Propensity-adjusted regression analysis of outcomes based on CS usage was performed. Results: We identified 177 IBD patients with CDI, 112 ulcerative colitis and 65 Crohn’s disease. For IBD overall, CS after CDI diagnosis was associated with prolonged hospitalization (5.5 days: 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–9.6 days; P=0.008), higher colectomy rate within 3 months (odds ratio [OR], 5.5; 95% CI, 1.1–28.2; P=0.042) and more frequent ICU admissions (OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 1.5–41.6; P=0.017) versus no CS. CS use post-CDI diagnosis in UC patients was associated with prolonged hospitalization (6.2 days: 95% CI, 0.4–12.0 days; P=0.036) and more frequent ICU admissions (OR, 7.4; 95% CI, 1.1–48.7; P=0.036). Conclusions: CS use among IBD inpatients with CDI diagnosed by PCR is associated with poorer outcomes and would seem to reinforce the importance of C. difficile toxin assay to help distinguish colonization from infection. This adverse effect appears more prominent among those with UC. (Intest Res 2019;17:244-252)

Cilostazol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting highglucose-induced apoptosis

Chien-Wen Chian,Yung-Shu Lee,Yi-Ju Lee,Ya-Hui Chen,Chi-Ping Wang,Wen-Chin Lee,Huei-Jane Lee 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.24 No.5

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a hyperglycemia-induced progressive development of renal insufficiency. Excessive glucose can increase mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce cell damage, causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Our previous study indicated that cilostazol (CTZ) can reduce ROS levels and decelerate DN progression in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. This study investigated the potential mechanisms of CTZ in rats with DN and in high glucose-treated mesangial cells. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 5 mg/kg/day of CTZ after developing STZ-induced diabetes mellitus. Electron microscopy revealed that CTZ reduced the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane and improved mitochondrial morphology in mesangial cells of diabetic kidney. CTZ treatment reduced excessive kidney mitochondrial DNA copy numbers induced by hyperglycemia and interacted with the intrinsic pathway for regulating cell apoptosis as an antiapoptotic mechanism. In high-glucose-treated mesangial cells, CTZ reduced ROS production, altered the apoptotic status, and down-regulated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Base on the results of our previous and current studies, CTZ deceleration of hyperglycemia-induced DN is attributable to ROS reduction and thereby maintenance of the mitochondrial function and reduction in TGF-β and NF-κB levels.

Deficiency or activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ⍺ reduces the tissue concentrations of endogenously synthesized docosahexaenoic acid in C57BL/6J mice

Wen-Ting Hsiao,Hui-Min Su,Kuan-Pin Su,Szu-Han Chen,Hai-Ping Wu,Yi-Ling You,Ru-Huei Fu,Pei-Min Chao 한국영양학회 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), is acquired by dietary intake or the in vivo conversion of α-linolenic acid. Many enzymes participating in LCPUFA synthesis are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Therefore, it was hypothesized that the tissue accretion of endogenously synthesized DHA could be modified by PPARα. MATERIALS/METHODS: The tissue DHA concentrations and mRNA levels of genes participating in DHA biosynthesis were compared among PPARα homozygous (KO), heterozygous (HZ), and wild type (WT) mice (Exp I), and between WT mice treated with clofibrate (PPARα agonist) or those not treated (Exp II). In ExpII, the expression levels of the proteins associated with DHA function in the brain cortex and retina were also measured. An n3-PUFA depleted/replenished regimen was applied to mitigate the confounding effects of maternal DHA. RESULTS: PPARα ablation reduced the hepatic Acox, Fads1, and Fads2 mRNA levels, as well as the DHA concentration in the liver, but not in the brain cortex. In contrast, PPARα activation increased hepatic Acox, Fads1, Fads2, and Elovl5 mRNA levels, but reduced the DHA concentrations in the liver, retina, and phospholipid of brain cortex, and decreased mRNA and protein levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in brain cortex. CONCLUSIONS: LCPUFA enzyme expression was altered by PPARα. Either PPARα deficiency or activation-decreased tissue DHA concentration is a stimulus for further studies to determine the functional significance.

Structural and Magnetic Properties Of Thin Co Films Electrodeposited On Nb Thin Film Electrode

Huei-Ying Ho,Hong-Jun Lin,Yung Liou,Hong-Wen Cheng,Wei-Yan Lin 한국자기학회 2010 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.2010 No.12

Proton Pump Inhibitor-unresponsive Laryngeal Symptoms Are Associated With Psychological Comorbidities and Sleep Disturbance: A Manometry and Impedance-pH Monitoring Study

Wen-Hsuan Tseng,Wei-Chung Hsu,Tsung-Lin Yang,Tzu-Yu Hsiao,Jia-Feng Wu,Hui-Chuan Lee,Hsiu-Po Wang,Ming-Shiang Wu,Ming-Shiang Wu,Ping-Huei Tseng 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2023 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.29 No.3

Background/AimsLaryngeal symptoms are largely treated with empiric proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy if no apparent pathology shown on ear, nose, and throat evaluation and reflux-related etiologies are suspected. However, treatment response remains unsatisfactory. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and physiological characteristics of patients with PPI-refractory laryngeal symptoms. MethodsPatients with persistent laryngeal symptoms despite PPI treatment for ≥ 8 weeks were recruited. A multidisciplinary evaluation comprising validated questionnaires for laryngeal symptoms (reflux symptom index [RSI]), gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms, psychological comorbidity (5-item brief symptom rating scale [BSRS-5]) and sleep disturbance (Pittsburgh sleep quality index [PSQI]), esophagogastroduodenoscopy, ambulatory impedance-pH monitoring, and high-resolution impedance manometry were performed. Healthy asymptomatic individuals were also recruited for comparison of psychological morbidity and sleep disturbances. ResultsNinety-seven adult patients and 48 healthy volunteers were analyzed. The patients had markedly higher prevalence of psychological distress (52.6% vs 2.1%, P < 0.001) and sleep disturbance (82.5% vs 37.5%, P < 0.001) than the healthy volunteers. There were significant correlations between RSI and BSRS-5 scores, and between RSI and PSQI scores (r = 0.26, P = 0.010, and r = 0.29, P = 0.004, respectively). Fifty-eight patients had concurrent gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms. They had more prominent sleep disturbances (89.7% vs 71.8%, P < 0.001) than those with laryngeal symptoms alone but similar reflux profiles and esophageal motility. ConclusionsPPI-refractory laryngeal symptoms are mostly associated with psychological comorbidities and sleep disturbances. Recognition of these psychosocial comorbidities may help optimize management in these patients.

Magnetic Property and Structure of Electrodeposited Nickel on a Thin Niobium Film

Huei-Ying Ho,Shih-Jia Chen,Wei-Yan Lin,Hong-Wen Cheng 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.12

Cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), the magneto-opticalKerr effect (MOKE), and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the magnetic property and thestructure of thin Ni films electrodeposited onto thin Nb films. A constant-current method was usedto grow the Ni films in this study. We found that -Ni(OH)2 coexists with the Ni deposits. The Nigrains favor growing along the polar direction the very early deposition stage; they tend to growin the lateral direction during the steady-state deposition process. The preferred orientations ofthe Ni deposits are fcc (111) and fcc (200); however, the easy axis of the magnetization of the Nideposits is in the in-plane direction. Increasing the deposition current can decrease the coercivity. We used the AFM and MOKE results to determine the mechanism of the growth of the Ni deposits. We found that the growth modes of the Ni deposits in the polar and the lateral directions largelycorresponded to the direct reduction of Ni and the decomposition of -Ni(OH)2, respectively.

New Time-Domain Decoder for Correcting both Errors and Erasures of Reed-Solomon Codes

Erl-Huei Lu,Tso-Cho Chen,Chih-Wen Shih 한국전자통신연구원 2016 ETRI Journal Vol.38 No.4

A new time-domain decoder of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes is proposed. Because this decoder can correct both errors and erasures without computing the erasure locator, the errata locator, or errata evaluator polynomial, the computational complexity can be substantially reduced. Herein, to demonstrate the benefit, the (255, 223) and the (63, 39) RS codes are used as examples for the comparisons of computational complexity of the proposed decoder with two well-known related decoders. The comparisons show that the proposed decoder always has lower computational requirement to decode all combination of u erasures and v errors than both the well-known related decoders on the condition of 2v+u<=d_min -1 where d_min denotes the minimum distance of the RS code. Moreover, the benefit is more evident if u becomes larger.

Structure of Spot Rates and Duration Hedging

Bing-Huei Lin,Jr-Yan Wang,Shih-Wen Tai 한국증권학회 2011 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.40 No.4

The present study proposes a three-factor model using spot rates as proxies for the state variables of the term structure of interest rates. Empirical analysis is carried out on the in-sample explanatory power and the out-of-sample prediction ability of spot-rate models, and comparison is made between the modified Macaulay duration and spot-rate duration hedging for bond portfolios. The results not only show that the optimal three-spot-rate model outperforms the optimal two-spot-rate model proposed by Elton et al. (Journal of Finance, 45, 1990, 629–642) with respect to explanation ability of unexpected changes in the term structure of interest rates, but also illustrate the importance of capturing the curvature characteristic of the term structure of interest rates for spot-rate duration hedging methods. Moreover, the impressive performance of three-spot-rate duration hedging implies that it is feasible to reduce the dimensions of state variables to three for the purposes of risk exposure prediction and risk management of bond portfolios.

Controlled Release of Clenbuterol from a Hydroxyapatite Carrier for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Yi-Wen Lin,Chih-Hsiang Fang,Ya-Jyun Liang,Ching-Yun Yang,Wei-Ting Kuo,Feng-Huei Lin 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Background Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, and Aβ aggregation is considered to be the central process implicated in its pathogenesis. Current treatments are faced by challenges such as serious side effects and reduced drug bioavailability. In this study, we developed a drug delivery system for intramuscular injection that uses cellular activity to achieve constant and long-term drug release. Methods Synthesized mesoporous hydroxyapatite (SHAP) was prepared via co-precipitation, and hydrophobic surface modification using stearic acid was then used to load clenbuterol by physical absorption, thus creating the drug delivery system. Clenbuterol release was achieved through cellular activity, with macrophage uptake triggering lysosome/endosome disruption, cytoplasmic release, extracellular exocytosis, and subsequent systemic circulation. Results We found that clenbuterol-loaded SHAP enabled sustained release for more than 2 weeks and effectively modulated inflammation, reduced Aβ oligomer-induced toxicity, and prevented Aβ aggregation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that treatment with clenbuterol loaded in this SHAP delivery system could be a promising strategy for treating Alzheimer’s disease.