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Usefulness of the Endotoxin Activity Assay to Evaluate the Degree of Lung Injury
Yuichiro Sakamoto,Satoshi Inoue,Takashi Iwamura,Tomoko Yamashita,Atsushi Nakashima,Hiroyuki Koami,Toru Miike,Mayuko Yahata,Hisashi Imahase,Akiko Goto,Showgo Narumi,Miho Ohta,Chris-Kosuke Yamada 연세대학교의과대학 2014 Yonsei medical journal Vol.55 No.4
Purpose: It has been reported that the Pulse Contour Cardiac Output (PiCCO) is very useful mainly in the field of intensive care and treatment to grasp the pathophysiologicalconditions of pulmonary edema because of its capability of obtainingdata such as Pulmonary Vascular Permeability Index (PVPI) and Extra VascularLung Water (EVLW). Furthermore, a high degree of usability of various markers has been reported for better understanding of the pathological conditions in cases with septicemia. Materials and Methods: The correlation between the cardiorespiratory status based upon the PiCCO monitor (EVLW and PVPI) and inflammatorymarkers including C reactive protein, procalcitonin (PC), and EndotoxinActivity Assay (EAA) were evaluated in 11 severe cases that required treatmentwith a respirator in an intensive care unit. Results: The EAA values were significantly higher in patients with abnormal EVLW at 0.46±0.20 compared to the normal EVLW group at 0.21±0.19 (p=0.0064). In a similar fashion, patients with abnormal PVPI values tended to have higher PC levels at 18.9±21.8 comparedto normal PVPI cases at 2.4±2.2 (p=0.0676). On the other hand, PVPI was significantly higher in the abnormal EAA group at 3.55±0.48 in comparison with the normal EAA group at 1.99±0.68 (p=0.0029). The abnormal EAA group tended to have higher PVPI values than the normal EAA group. Conclusion: The EAA is a measurement method designed to estimate the activity of endotoxins in the whole blood. Our results suggest that the EAA value, which had the greatest correlationwith lung disorders diagnosed by the PiCCO monitoring, reflects inflammatoryreactions predominantly in the lungs.
Association between Osteoporosis and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Men
Mizutani Masaya,Eguchi Yawara,Toyoguchi Toru,Orita Sumihisa,Inage Kazuhide,Shiga Yasuhiro,Maki Satoshi,Nakamura Junichi,Hagiwara Shigeo,Aoki Yasuchika,Inoue Masahiro,Koda Masao,Takahashi Hiroshi,Akaza 대한척추외과학회 2024 Asian Spine Journal Vol.18 No.1
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the risk factors for osteoporosis in men by assessing bone mineral density (BMD), skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, grip strength, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).Overview of Literature: Fewer studies have reported the correlation between BMD and skeletal muscle mass in women. Moreover, a few studies have examined the relationship between osteoporosis and skeletal muscle mass.Methods: This study included 99 men (mean age, 74.9 years; range, 28–93 years) who visited Qiball Clinic for BMD and body composition examinations. The osteoporosis group consisted of 24 patients (mean age, 72.5 years; range, 44–92 years), and the control group consisted of 75 individuals (mean age, 74.9 years; range, 28–93 years). Whole-body skeletal muscle mass was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Skin autofluorescence (SAF), a marker of dermal AGE accumulation, was measured using a spectroscope. Osteoporosis was defined as a bone density T score of –2.5 or less. Physical findings, skeletal muscle mass, BMD, grip strength, and SAF were compared between the osteoporosis and control groups.Results: The osteoporosis group had significantly lower trunk muscle mass (23.1 kg vs. 24.9 kg), lower leg muscle mass (14.4 kg vs. 13.0 kg), and skeletal mass index (7.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup> vs. 6.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) than the control group (all <i>p</i><0.05). Lower limb muscle mass was identified as a risk factor for osteoporosis in men (odds ratio, 0.64; <i>p</i>=0.03).Conclusions: Conservative treatment of osteoporosis in men will require an effective approach that facilitates the maintenance or strengthening of skeletal muscle mass, including exercise therapy with a focus on lower extremities and nutritional supplementation.
Hideyuki Tamai,Naoki Shingaki,Yoshiyuki Mori,Kosaku Moribata,Akira Kawashima,Yoshimasa Maeda,Toru Niwa,Hisanobu Deguchi,Izumi Inoue,Takao Maekita,Mikitaka Iguchi,Jun Kato,Masao Ichinose 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2016 Gut and Liver Vol.10 No.4
Background/Aims: This study aimed to predict sustained viral response (SVR) to low-dose pegylated interferon (PEGIFN) plus ribavirin of elderly and/or cirrhotic patients with genotype 2 hepatitis C virus (HCV) using viral response within 2 weeks. Methods: Low-dose PEG-IFN-α-2b plus ribavirin was administered to 50 elderly and/or cirrhotic patients with genotype 2 HCV for 24 weeks. The dynamics of HCV RNA and HCV core antigen levels within 2 weeks were measured. Results: The patients’ median age was 66 years. There were 21 male and 29 female patients. The median baseline HCV RNA level was 5.7 log IU/mL. Rapid viral response was achieved in 17 patients (34%), SVR in 28 (56%), and two (4%) discontinued treatment. Univariate analysis of factors contributing to SVR showed significant differences for sex, baseline virus level, and response within 4 weeks. When 40 fmol/L was set as the cutoff value for the core antigen level at 1 week, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for predicting SVR were 93%, 75%, 84%, 88%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusions: Low-dose PEG-IFN plus ribavirin was a safe and costeffective treatment for elderly and/or cirrhotic patients with genotype 2 HCV, and the viral response within 2 weeks was a useful predictor of SVR.
Redox-coupled proton transfer mechanism in nitrite reductase revealed by femtosecond crystallography
Fukuda, Yohta,Tse, Ka Man,Nakane, Takanori,Nakatsu, Toru,Suzuki, Mamoru,Sugahara, Michihiro,Inoue, Shigeyuki,Masuda, Tetsuya,Yumoto, Fumiaki,Matsugaki, Naohiro,Nango, Eriko,Tono, Kensuke,Joti, Yasumas National Academy of Sciences 2016 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.113 No.11
<P>Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), a ubiquitous phenomenon in biological systems, plays an essential role in copper nitrite reductase (CuNiR), the key metalloenzyme in microbial denitrification of the global nitrogen cycle. Analyses of the nitrite reduction mechanism in CuNiR with conventional synchrotron radiation crystallography (SRX) have been faced with difficulties, because X-ray photoreduction changes the native structures of metal centers and the enzyme-substrate complex. Using serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX), we determined the intact structures of CuNiR in the resting state and the nitrite complex (NC) state at 2.03- and 1.60-angstrom resolution, respectively. Furthermore, the SRX NC structure representing a transient state in the catalytic cycle was determined at 1.30-angstrom resolution. Comparison between SRX and SFX structures revealed that photoreduction changes the coordination manner of the substrate and that catalytically important His255 can switch hydrogen bond partners between the backbone carbonyl oxygen of nearby Glu279 and the side-chain hydroxyl group of Thr280. These findings, which SRX has failed to uncover, propose a redox-coupled proton switch for PCET. This concept can explain how proton transfer to the substrate is involved in intramolecular electron transfer and why substrate binding accelerates PCET. Our study demonstrates the potential of SFX as a powerful tool to study redox processes in metalloenzymes.</P>
NMR Study of Successive Magnetic Transitions in the A-site Ordered Perovskite LaMn3Cr4O12
Yu Kawasaki,Syota Takase,Yutaka Kishimoto,Takashi Ohno,Ikuya Yamada,Kentaro Shiro,Ryoji Takahashi,Kenya Ohgushi,Norimasa Nishiyama,Toru Inoue,Tetsuo Irifune 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
We have investigated the successive magnetic phase transitions of the A-site ordered perovskiteLaMn3Cr4O12 by measuring 139La nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The successivemagnetic transitions are revealed by a very small but clear increase in the full width at half maximum(FWHM) of the 139La NMR signal at TM2 = 150 K and by the disappearance of the signal due to theline broadening at temperatures below TM1 = 50 K. These two magnetic transitions are associatedwith independent orderings within the Cr-site sublattice at TM2 and within the Mn-site sublatticeat TM1. Regarding the magnetic structure of the Cr-site sublattice at temperatures below TM2, thecancellation of internal fields at the La site, ruling out ferromagnetic and multi-q antiferromagneticstructures, is consistent with the typical antiferromagnetic structure for perovskites, such as G-,A- and C-type orders. The uncanceled internal field at the La site at temperatures below TM1is also consistent with these typical antiferromagnetic structures in the Mn-site sublattice. Thedifferences in the temperature dependences of the Knight shift K(T) and the bulk susceptibility χ(T) are consistently explained by the independent magnetic orderings of the Cr- and the Mn-sitesublattices and the cancellation of internal field originating from the Cr-site sublattice at the Lasite at temperatures below TM2.