Spectroscopic and Optical Properties of the VO2+ ion doped TeO2-TiO2-ZnO-Nb2O5 glass system

Swapna,G. Upender,V. Sreenivasulu,M. Prasad 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.68 No.8

Studies such as optical absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were carried out on VO2+ ion doped TeO2-TiO2-ZnO-Nb2O5 glass system. Raman and FTIR spectra of the glasses revealed the presence of [TeO3], [TeO4] and [NbO6] structural units in the glass network. The Urbach energy (E), cut-off wavelength (c), optical band gap (Eopt), optical basicity () and electron polarizability () of the glasses were determined from optical absorption studies. The density (), molar volume (Vm), oxygen molar volume (Vo) and refractive index (n) were also measured. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters were calculated from the EPR studies. When Nb2O5 was increased at the expense of ZnO, the density, optical band gap and Urbach energy of the glasses increased, and the electronic polarizability and optical basicity decreased. The EPR spectra clearly showed that vanadium was in the glass as VO2+ and occupied octahedral sites with tetrahedral compression. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters gk and g? decreased as Nb2O5 content increased in the glass. The glass transition temperature (Tg) also increased with increasing Nb2O5 content in the glass.

Novel Algorithms for Early Cancer Diagnosis Using Transfer Learning with MobileNetV2 in Thermal Images

Swapna Davies,Jaison Jacob 한국인터넷정보학회 2024 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.18 No.3

Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent forms of malignancy and foremost cause of death by cancer worldwide. It is not preventable. Early and precise detection is the only remedy for lowering the rate of mortality and improving the probability of survival for victims. In contrast to present procedures, thermography aids in the early diagnosis of cancer and thereby saves lives. But the accuracy experiences detrimental impact by low sensitivity for small and deep tumours and the subjectivity by physicians in interpreting the images. Employing deep learning approaches for cancer detection can enhance the efficacy. This study explored the utilization of thermography in early identification of breast cancer with the use of a publicly released dataset known as the DMR-IR dataset. For this purpose, we employed a novel approach that entails the utilization of a pre-trained MobileNetV2 model and fine tuning it through transfer learning techniques. We created three models using MobileNetV2: one was a baseline transfer learning model with weights trained from ImageNet dataset, the second was a fine-tuned model with an adaptive learning rate, and the third utilized early stopping with callbacks during fine-tuning. The results showed that the proposed methods achieved average accuracy rates of 85.15%, 95.19%, and 98.69%, respectively, with various performance indicators such as precision, sensitivity and specificity also being investigated.

Nasalance in Cochlear Implantees

Swapna Sebastian,N Sreedevi,Anjali Lepcha,John Mathew 대한이비인후과학회 2015 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.8 No.3

Objectives. Speech intelligibility is severely affected in children with congenital profound hearing loss. Hypernasality is a problem commonly encountered in their speech. Auditory information received from cochlear implants is expected to be far superior to that from hearing aids. Our study aimed at comparing the percentages of nasality in the speech of the cochlear implantees with hearing aid users and also with children with normal hearing. Methods. Three groups of subjects took part in the study. Groups I and II comprised 12 children each, in the age range of 4–10 years, with prelingual bilateral profound hearing loss, using multichannel cochlear implants and digital hearing aids respectively. Both groups had received at least one year of speech therapy intervention since cochlear implant surgery and hearing aid fitting respectively. The third group consisted of age-matched and sex-matched children with normal hearing. The subjects were asked to say a sentence which consisted of only oral sounds and no nasal sounds (“Buy baby a bib”). The nasalance score as a percentage was calculated. Results. Statistical analysis revealed that the children using hearing aids showed a high percentage of nasalance in their speech. The cochlear implantees showed a lower percentage of nasalance compared to children using hearing aids, but did not match with their normal hearing peers. Conclusion. The quality of speech of the cochlear implantees was superior to that of the hearing aid users, but did not match with the normal controls. The study suggests that acoustic variables still exist after cochlear implantation in children, with hearing impairments at deviant levels, which needs attention. Further research needs to be carried out to explore the effect of the age at implantation as a variable in reducing nasality in the speech and attaining normative values in cochlear implantees, and also between unilateral versus bilateral implantees.

Boron-rich boron carbide from soot: a low-temperature green synthesis approach

Swapna M. S.,Saritha Devi H. V.,Sankararaman S. 한국세라믹학회 2020 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.57 No.6

Boron carbide is a promising super-hard semiconducting material for refractory applications ranging from the nuclear industry to spacecraft. The present work is the fi rst report of not only turning futile soot, containing carbon allotropes in varying composition, into boron-rich boron carbide (BC), but also developing it by a low-cost, low-temperature, and green synthesis method. The BC synthesised from gingelly oil soot is subjected to structural, morphological, and optical characterisations. The fi eld emission scanning electron microscope shows beautiful fl ower-like morphology, and the thermogravimetric analysis reveals the high-temperature stability of the sample synthesised. The Tauc plot of the sample indicates a 2.38 eV direct bandgap. The formation of BC and boron-rich carbide evidenced by X-ray diff raction studies is confi rmed through Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic signatures of B–C and C–B–C bonds. The fl uorescence, power spectrum, and CIE analyses carried out suggest the blue light emission for excitation at 350 nm.

Genotype by Environment (G×E) Interaction Study on Yield Traits in Different Maturity Groups of Rice

Swapna Jadhav,Divya Balakrishnan,Gouri Shankar V,Kavitha Beerelli,Gowthami Chandu,Sarla Neelamraju 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.5

Rice production is affected by emerging problems of climate change and over-utilization of resources. To obtain consistent yield across diverse environments, a variety should have adaptability and stability to fit into various growing conditions. G×E interaction and stability performance of 59 rice lines of different maturity durations were investigated for grain yield-related traits in three environments. This study was carried out to identify stable lines for varietal development as well as to identify parental lines with stable contributing traits for further breeding programs. AMMI and GGE analysis showed significant genotype, environment, and G×E interaction indicating the presence of variability among the genotypes and environments. The G×E interaction effect showed that the genotypes responded differently to the variation in environmental conditions or seasonal fluctuations and explained that most of the traits were contributed mainly by genotype, followed by environment and their interaction. As per AMMI biplot analysis, environment1 was identified as the best suited for potential expression of grain yield and related traits. Results of stability analysis revealed that early and mid-early genotypes NH776, NH4371, 27K, NH686, 258S, NH219, and Tellahamsa were identified as the best stable genotypes across all the three seasons for single plant grain yield and hence suitable for wider environments. These selected genotypes can be suggested for hybridization in further breeding programs to develop early genotypes with high yield. The stable early and mid-early lines with high yield potential will be tested in multi-location trials for commercial cultivation.

Elevation patterns of tree diversity, composition and stand structure in Mahendragiri Hill Forest, Eastern Ghats of Odisha, India

Swapna S. Khadanga,Ashaq Ahmad Dar,Neha Jaiswal,Prasad K. Dash,Shanmuganathan Jayakumar 국립중앙과학관 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.16 No.3

Tropical mountain forests in Eastern Ghats provide a unique opportunity to relate environmental driversto plant community structure along elevation gradient. We aimed to investigate the tree diversity,composition and stand structure along elevation gradient and drivers facilitating species distributionacross Mahendragiri Hill Forest (MHF) in Eastern Ghats of Odisha, India. Altogether 120 plots of 0.05 hawere established and stems 10 cm diameter at breast height were measured. We compared speciescomposition and stand structure among elevation zones. Ordination analysis was used to quantify howcommunity structure was related to topographic, climatic and onsite conditions. In total 189 speciesrepresenting 131 genera and 51 families were recorded ranging from 64 (MHF6) to 106 species (MHF4). Fabaceae representing 23 species, followed by Phyllanthaceae was dominant families. Maximum treedensity and basal area were enumerated in high elevation MHF6 and least disturbed MHF5, respectively. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) interpreted 58.59% of variation and depicted the role ofelevation followed by disturbance and precipitation in species distribution patterns. Variance parti tioning analysis shows that topography and disturbance strongly partitioned the dissemination of treespecies. Variations in species diversity reflects a direct coupling or interaction of several factors together,making it a complex phenomenon.

AIDS Awareness: Indispensible Prerequisite Among Fishermen Population

Swapna B. Shetty,Darshan D. Divakar,M.H.N. Dalati,Sajith Vellappally,Sukumaran Anil,Marey A. Alshehry,Baher Felemban,Al S. Mamdouh,Obaid A. Alshahrani 질병관리본부 2016 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.7 No.5

Objectives: Fishermen are among the most vulnerable groups for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS with reported high prevalence. Poor knowledge base has been evidenced by a few studies. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among fishermen of the Kutch coast, Gujarat, India. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 950 fishermen of the Kutch coast, in the months of January-February 2015. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS of fishermen was assessed using structured interview schedules with 12 questions. The information on socio-demographic characteristics was also obtained. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. The confidence level and level of significance were fixed at 95% and 5%, respectively. Results: A major proportion of participants (57.2%) had no access to any potential source of information and had never heard about HIV/AIDS (65.1%). Some of them were aware of modes of transmission of AIDS but only a few of them knew about the methods of prevention. Only 23.1% of participants were observed with appropriate knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. Bivariate and multivariate analysis revealed significant variation in the proportion of participants with appropriate knowledge with age and educational status.

Diabetes detection using deep learning algorithms

Swapna G.,Vinayakumar R.,Soman K.P. 한국통신학회 2018 ICT Express Vol.4 No.4

Diabetes is a metabolic disease affecting a multitude of people worldwide. Its incidence rates are increasing alarmingly every year. If untreated, diabetes-related complications in many vital organs of the body may turn fatal. Early detection of diabetes is very important for timely treatment which can stop the disease progressing to such complications. RR-interval signals known as heart rate variability (HRV) signals (derived from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals) can be effectively used for the non-invasive detection of diabetes. This research paper presents a methodology for classification of diabetic and normal HRV signals using deep learning architectures. We employ long short-term memory (LSTM), convolutional neural network (CNN) and its combinations for extracting complex temporal dynamic features of the input HRV data. These features are passed into support vector machine (SVM) for classification. We have obtained the performance improvement of 0.03% and 0.06% in CNN and CNN-LSTM architecture respectively compared to our earlier work without using SVM. The classification system proposed can help the clinicians to diagnose diabetes using ECG signals with a very high accuracy of 95.7%.

Interplay of Vitamin D and CYP3A4 Polymorphisms in Endocrine Disorders and Cancer

Siva Swapna Kasarla,Vannuruswamy Garikapati,Yashwant Kumar,Sujatha Dodoala 대한내분비학회 2022 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.37 No.3

Vitamin D has received considerable optimistic attention as a potentially important factor in many pathological states over the past fewdecades. However, the proportion of the active form of vitamin D metabolites responsible for biological activity is highly questionablein disease states due to flexible alterations in the enzymes responsible for their metabolism. For instance, CYP3A4 plays a crucial rolein the biotransformation of vitamin D and other drug substances. Food-drug and/or drug-drug interactions, the disease state, geneticpolymorphism, age, sex, diet, and environmental factors all influence CYP3A4 activity. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP450-encodinggenes have received considerable attention in the past few decades due to their extensive impact on the pharmacokinetic and dynamicproperties of drugs and endogenous substances. In this review, we focused on CYP3A4 polymorphisms and their interplay with vitamin D metabolism and summarized the role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis, bone diseases, diabetes, cancer, other diseases, anddrug substances. We also reviewed clinical observations pertaining to CYP3A4 polymorphisms among the aforementioned diseaseconditions. In addition, we highlighted the future perspectives of studying the pharmacogenetics of CYP3A4, which may have potential clinical significance for developing novel diagnostic genetic markers that will ascertain disease risk and progression.

GENERALIZED FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN A b-METRIC SPACE

P. Swapna 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2020 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.25 No.2

A brief comparison of various contractive conditions in a b-metric space is made,and two generalized fixed point theorems are established. One for a Nesic type contraction,and the other involving a generalized class of auxiliary functions. Also, contractive fixedpoints in a b-metric space are obtained for some contractive conditions.