비디오 데이터로부터 전경 및 배경 영역 분할 방법

성영제,강행봉 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2000 자연과학논문집 Vol.21 No.-

MPEG-4에서 사용되는 객체 기반 압축(object-based coding) 기법은 영상내의 특징을 이용하여 자동으로 전경(foreground) 물체를 얻어내어 객체 단위의 압축을 실현한다. 전경 물체 추출은 영상의 압축을 효율적으로 수행할 수 있게 할 뿐 아니라 영상의 개체 단위 편집을 가능하게 하고 전송이나 검색에도 적용할 수 있어 그 활용 범위가 매우 넓다. 현재 많은 곳에서 활발한 연구가 진행 중이지만 아직 인간이 생각하듯이 정확하게 전경 물체를 추출해 낼 알고리즘이 개발되지 못한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 전경 물체를 얻기 위한 방법으로 공간상에서 컬러의 유사도를 이용한 공간 분할(spatial segmentation)을 통하여 정지 영상을 여러 개의 영역으로 분할 한 후, 시간 축 상에서 움직임이 있는 영역을 찾아서 전경과 배경을 분할하는 방법을 제안한다. 공간 분할에서는 M-RSST방법을 이용하여 계산시간을 단축하고 과분할(over-segment) 되는 것을 방지하며, 시간 분할에서는 프레임간의 차이 영상에서의 분산 값을 이용하여 움직이는 영역을 찾아내는데 이때 기준이 되는 분산의 임계 값을 F-test를 통하여 결정하여 오차를 최소화한다. The object-based coding proposed in MPEG-4 compresses each object unit. It requires the object extracting skill. But there is no good result of extraction. So we propose a good skill of object extraction, using color and motion information of moving picture. It automatically separates foreground objects and background objects from picture. This approach is useful in the picture compression and can be also used in image transmission and retrieval. Even though it is being studied elsewhere at present, algorithms that extract the foreground objects have not reached their limit of development. In this paper, we propose foreground-background separation using spatial segmentation based on color similarity and temporal segmentation for searching for the change detection mask. Spatial segmentation performs to divide each image into several regions, which have color similarity and spatial proximity. We use the M-RSST (Multi-resolution Recursive Spanning Tree) method for spatial segmentation. Using M-RSST is faster and ensures that spatial segmentation is not over-segmented. On the other hand, the temporal segmentation yields a change detection mask that indicates moving area. We can detect the region that has the motion extracted from the variances in the different images of the three adjacent images. And we use the F-test to find out the threshold of variances in the different images.

헬름홀츠 코일을 이용한 강자성체의 와전류검사

성제중,서동만,신용훈,엄태건,서동섭 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.1

Ferromagnetic material like the steel tubes can easily distort eddy current testing signal due to increased magnetic permeability for defects. Because magnetic field of the test probe is affected in an inconsistent way when the material under the testing has permeability. This permeability effect can be reduced by magnetic saturation. In this paper eddy current testing system was developed to detect flaws on the steel tubes. Magnetic saturation probe with helmholtz coil was designed for saturation and inspection of the steel tubes. When using the designed test probe, the relationship between flaw signals and noises was obviously discriminated. Additionally, a high pass filter was included in the eddy current board to minimize noises due to DC magnetic field.

남자 알코올 의존 환자의 기질적 특성에 관한 연구

김성곤,민영기,이덕기,김미영,송영상,권도훈,고영훈,박제민,정병선 대한생물치료정신의학회 2003 생물치료정신의학 Vol.9 No.1

목 적: 본 연구의 목적은 한국인 남자 알코올 의존 환자의 기질적 특성을 Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI)를 이용하여 조사하는 것이다. 방 법: DSM-Ⅳ 진단 기준에 맞는 알코올 의존 환자 30명과 정상인 36명을 대상으로 연구학적 특성을 조사하고, 기질적 특성을 한글판 TCI를 이용하여 조사하였다. 모든 대상자의 나이는 30~60세였다. 결 과: 1) 두 군간 평균 나이는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 교육 정도와 결혼을 유지하고 있는 비율 및 취업률은 알코올 의존군이 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 2) 알코올 의존군에서는 정상 대조군에 비해 Harm Avoidance(HA) 점수와 Self-transcendence(ST)점수는 유의하게 높았으며, Self-directiveness(SD)점수는 유의하게 낮았다. 3) 알코올 의존군 내에서의 각 척도들 간의 상관관계는, HA와 SD 점수, HA와 Persistence(PE) 점수, ST와 SD 점수는 각각 유의한 음의 상관관계, ST와 PE 점수, SD 점수와 Cooperativeness(CO) 점수, Reward Dependence(RD)와 CO 점수는 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론: 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 한국인 남성에서 수줍음을 잘 타며, 걱정도 많고, 염세적이고 쉽게 피로해지는 기질적 특성이 알코올 의존과 연관성이 있음을 의미한다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the temperament of male parients with alcohol dependence. Methods : The subjects were 30 patients who met DSM-Ⅳ criteria for alcohol dependence and 36 normal controls. All subjects completed Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI) which was developed by Cloninger. Results : 1) The educational level, marital status, and occupation in alcohol dependence group were significantly lower than those of normal control group, but there was no difference in the age between two groups. 2) Among the scores of TCI, the score of harm avoidance(HA) and self-transcendence(ST) were significantly higher in the alcohol dependence group than in the normal control group. 3) In the alcohol dependence group, a significant negative correlation among the scores of TCI was between HA and SD, HA and Persistence(PE), ST and SD, and positive correlation between ST and PE, SD and Cooperativeness(CO), Reward Dependence(RD) and CO. Conclusion : These results suggest that shy, fearful, pessimistic and fatigable temperament are related to developing alcohol dependence in Korean males.

인조 합성 테니스 바닥재의 지면 반력 분석

조승제,정미라,서국웅,박승범,윤양진,이훈식,강영택 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Some authors suggest that certain types of surfaces are the origin of such injuries. A few years after the first medical concerns about surfaces were voiced, publications of biomechanical measurements apperared, describing accleration, force, and impact measurement on different types of surfaces. In many sport activities, surfaces can be under very high dynamic load. This was the reason for the development of various methods for impact simulation, like the development of various methods for impact simulation, like the artificial athlete. Furthermore, it is important to collect information about the hardness of new and already existing surfaces in sport arenas. The idea on which this measuring system is based Is as follows: The stiffness of the material can be computed from the kinematics measurd at touch down of a rigid body onto a material sample. The results show the following The result for the artifical surfaces(Synpave ace) is surprising. It is known that these surfaces are much harder than synpave rebound classic, synpave spring. This finding suggests that it may be possible that the subjective impression is used as one criterion in the selection of landing(or style) strategies. The number of subjects in this experiment is too small to make statistically significant conclusions. It is shown analytically that when an object a deformable surface, the acceleration it experiences is inversely propotional to its mass. In future, it need to stress that the interaction between shoe and surface is important, and this aspect has now become well accepted. Considering biomechanical aspect in player's injury, it request Korean Standards for synthetic playing surfaces in sport like ASTM(America Society for Testing & Materials) standards of America, DIN 18035 standards of Germany, BSI standards of U.K.

FGF signaling이 연골 형성에 미치는 영향

박충제,이상원,남순현,김영진,류현모,김현정 大韓小兒齒科學會 2003 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.30 No.4

막내골화와 연골내골화 등의 정상적인 골격 성장은 섬유아세포 성장인자 (FGF) 와 이들 수용체들 (FGFR) 에 의한 신호전달체계에 의해 조절된다. 또한 전사조절인자인 Runx2 (Cbfa1/Pebp2αA/AML3) 는 골아세포분화 뿐만 아니라 골형성에도 필수적인 유전자로 알려져 있다. FGF signaling이 mouse의 두 개관과 하악에서의 연골 형성에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있으며, 이 과정에서 Runx2의 연관성을 알아보고자 in vivo 및 in vitro 실험을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 두 개관의 하악을 Alcian blue 염색한 결과 시상두개봉합부 연골은 태생16일부터, Meckel's 연골은 태생11일부터 형성되기 시작하였다. 이들 연골세포들의 성사을 알아보기위한 in situ hybridization 결과 시상두개봉합부 연골 및 Meckel's 연골 모두에서 type Ⅱ collagen은 발현되었으나, Type X collagen은 발현되지 않았다. Runx2 mRNA는 시상두개봉합부 연골과 Meckel's 연골 모두에서 발현되지 않았지만, 이들 연골들의 가장자리를 둘러싸고 있는 독특한 발현양상을 나타내었다. 두개 봉합부에서의 FGF2 protein의 국소적 적용은 두개봉합부 하방의 연골형성을 억제하였다. 또한 하악의 Meckel's 연골 발생부위에 FGF2 protein의 국소적 적용 역시 Meckel's 연골의 형성을 억제하였다. FGF2 protein은 시상두개봉합부상의 bead 주위로 Runx2의 발현을 유도하였다. 이 결과들을 종합해볼 때, FGF signaling은 골아세포와 연골아세포가 공존하고 있는 조직에서의 연골 형성을 억제하고 있음을 시사해 주고 있으며, 이 과정에서 FGF signaling은 부분적으로 Runx2 유전자의 발현을 조절하므로써 연골세포의 증식과 분화에 관여할 것으로 사료된다. Figroblast growth factor (FGF) / FGF receptor (FGFR) mediated signaling is required for skeletogenesis including intramembranous and endochondral ossifications. Runx2 (Cbfa1/Pebp2αA/AML3) is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Murine calvaria and mandible are concurrently undergoing both intramembranous bone and cartilage formations in the early development stage. However the mechanism by which these cartilage formations are regulated remains unclear. To elucidate the effect of FGF signaling on development of cranial sutural catilage and Meckel's cartilage and to understand the role of Runx2 in these processs, we have done both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Alcian blue staining showed that cartilage formation in sagittal suture beings from embryonic state 16 (E16), Meckel's cartilage formation in mandible from E12. We analyzed by in situ hybridization the characteristics of cartilage cells that type Ⅱ collagen, not type X collagen, was expressed in sagittal sutural cartilage and Meckel's cartilage. In addition, Runx2 was not expressed in Meckel's cartialge as well as sagittal sutural cartilage, except specific expression pattern only surrounding both cartilages. FGF signaling pathway was further examined in vitro. Beads soaked in FGF2 placed on the sagittal suture and mandible inhibited both sutural and Meckel's cartilage formations. We next examined whether Runx2 gene lies in FGF siganling pathway during regulation of catilage formation. These results suggest that FGF signaling inhibits formations of sagittal sutural and Meckel's cartilages, also propose that FGF siganling is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of chondroblasts through regulating the transcription factor Runx2.

치주인대 세포의 교원질 생성에 대한 Substance P의 효과

전준영,최제용,경희문,성재현 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Substance P는 교정력이 가해진 치아의 치주인대 중 인장력을 받는 부위에 많이 분포하는 neuropeptide 중의 하나이며, 또한 여러 조직에서 neurogenic inflammation을 야기하는 neuropeptide 중의 하나로도 알려져 있다. 그러나 중요한 세포의 단백기질인 교원질의 생성에 대한 Substance P의 효과는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 배양 치주인대 세포에서 교원질 생성에 대한 Substance P의 효과를 평가하는 것이었다. collagenase-digestion method로 교원질 생성을 평가하였고 mRNA 수준에서 작용효과를 평가하기 위하여 Northern blot hybridization을 시행하였다. 이 연구는 또한 교원질 생성에 대한 prostaglandin과 gelatinase 생성도 포함하였으며 변성된 교원질의 분해를 평가하기 위하여 Zymography를 이용하였다. 비교원성 단백질, 교원성 단백질, 상대교원질에 대한 dose-dependent effect를 보면 Substance P는 비교원성 단백질 합성을 증가시켰으나 교원성 단백질 합성은 감소시켰다. 그리하여 총 단백합성에 대한 상대적인 교원질 생성을 나타내는 상대교원질은 7%에서 3.6%로 감소시켰다. 세포를 indomethacin과 동시에 처리할 때 substance P의 교원질 합성 억제효과는 나타나지 않았다. 이것은 Substance P의 교원질 합성 억제효과가 prostaglandin의 생성 때문이라는 것을 의미한다. Substance P의 교원질 합성 억제효과가 procollagen mRNA의 정상(steady-state)수준에 부합하는가를 평가하기 위하여 northern blot hybridization을 시행한 결과 Substance P는 α1(1) procollagen mRNA의 양적 변동을 일으키지 않았다. Substance P의 교원질 생성 억제효과는 전사이후의 어떤 단계에서 이루어지는 현상임을 나타낸다. 치주인대세포에서 gelatinase 생성에 대한 Substance P의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 zymography를 이용하였다. zymogram을 보면 Substance P는 치주인대세포에서 gelatinase 생성에는 아무 효과도 나타내지 않음을 알 수 있다. Substance P의 교원질 생성 억제효과가 치주인대세포에 대해 선택적인가 아닌가를 알아보기 위하여 MC3T3-E1세포를 이용하였는데 Substance P는 MC3T3-E1세포의 교원질 합성에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이상에서 Substance P는 인간의 치주인대세포에서 교원질 합성을 억제하였다. 이 효과는 procollagen mRNA와 gelatinase 생성의 정상(steady-state) 수준의 변화 때문이 아니라 prostaglandin 생성과 연관이 있음을 알았다. Substance P is one of the neuropeptide which presents highly in tension site of periodontal ligament during the orthodontic tooth movement. It has been also known as one of the neuropeptides which cause neurogenic inflammation in various tissues and organs. However, there is no report about the effect of substance P on major extracellualar matrix protein, collagen production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the collagen production by substance P in human periodontal ligament cell, The collagenase-digestion method was used to evaluate collagen production and also used Northern blot hybridization for the evaluation of collagen mRNA level. This study also included in terms of prostanglandins and gelatinase production with respect to collagen production. For the collagen degradation, zymography was used to estimate denatured collagen degradation. Dose-dependent effect of substance P on noncollagen protein, collagen, and percent collagen was that substance P increased noncollagen protein synthesis, but decreased collagen systnisis. So the percent collagen, which determined by relative collagen production against total protein production, was decreased from 7% to 3.6%. This inhibitory effect of substance P on collagen production was disappeared when cells were treated concomitantly with indomethacin. It means that substance P-induced inhibitory effect on collagen production was due at least in part to the production of prostaglandins. To evaluate whether substance P-induced inhibitory effect on collagen production is correspond to the steady-state levels of procollagen mRNA, Northern blot hybridizartion was performed and it showed that substance P has no effect on the steady-state level of α1(1) procollagen mRNA. It means that the inhibitory effect of substance P on collagen production was due to the change of a certain mechanism after posttranscription. In this context, gelatinase production by substance P in periodontal ligament cells was evaluated by zymography. Zymogram showed that substance P has no effect on gelatinase production in periodontal ligament cells. To explore wheter substance P-induced inhibitory effect on collagen production is selevtive in periodontal ligament cells or not, MC3T3-31 cells which originated from mouse calvaria was used. It showed that substance P has no effect on collagen production in MCDTD-E1 cells. Taken together, substance P inhibits collagen production in human periodontal ligament cells. This effect was not due to the change of the steady-state level of procollagen mRNA and gelatinase production, but due at least in part to the change of prostaglandins production.

소음 노출 남성 근로자의 고음영역 청력손실과 관련 요인

정상재,우극현,박완섭,유재영,최태성,김상우,김진석 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of the study was to assess the risk factors assumed to be related to the high frequency hearing loss in the noise-exposed male workers. Methods : 712 occupationally noise-exposed male workers were included in this cross sectional study. The subjects filled out a questionnaire on the history of noise exposure, hearing protection, otologic diseases, tobacco smoking, and were tested on height, weight, hematocrit, serum total cholesterol level, fasting plasma glucose level and arterial blood pressure level. Pure tone audiometry and otoscopy were conducted and the subjects were allocated into two groups according to whether they had 4000 Hz hearing loss or not. Results : The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that military noise exposure, poor wearing status of the hearing protection devices, increased age, long noise exposure duration, mean arterial pressure less than 80mmHg, high fasting plasma sugar are the factors significantly related to high frequency hearing loss (P〈0.05). On the contrary, there was no significant relationship between noise intensity, body mass index, serum total cholesterol level, smelling and high frequency hearing loss. Low hematocrit was shown to be a significant factor with a p-value less than 0.1. Conclusions : High frequency hearing loss in the noise-exposed male workers is related to military noise exposure, use of hearing protection devices, age, noise exposure length, fasting glucose level and mean arterial pressure, in this order. Appropriate use of the hearing protection devices has a great impact on the prevention of the noise-induced hearing loss.

정상 성인에서 갈근(Radix puerariae)의 장기투여가 혈중 알콜 농도에 미치는 영향

박제민,김지훈,김명정,김성곤,정영인 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.6

알콜 의존에서 알콜 소비량을 감소시키고 음주 재발을 방지하는데 효과가 있다는 약물들이 몇 가지 있으며 갈근이 알콜 의존증의 치료에 효과가 있다는 자료들이 있다. 저자들은 정상 성인을 대상으로 알콜을 섭취하게 한 후 갈근 투여 전, 후의 혈중 알콜 농도를 비교함으로써 갈근이 알콜 대사를 방해하여 혈중 알콜 농도를 상승시키는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 알콜을 비롯한 약물 남용이나 의존증이 있거나 기타 정신 질환이 없고 주요 신체질환이 없는 20∼29세 남자 의과 대학생들을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자는 모두 25% 알콜을 3ml/kg(100%알콜 0.75ml/kg)을 마시게 한 후 투여 전, 투여 후 10, 30, 60, 90, 그리고 120분에 혈중 알콜 농도를 측정하게 한 다음 14일간 갈근 하루 6g을 투여한 후 첫날과 같은 방법으로 알콜을 복용하게 한 후 알콜 혈중 농도를 측정하여 약물 투여 전, 후의 알콜 혈중 농도를 비교한 결과 갈근 투여 후에 음주시 30, 60, 90, 그리고 120분에 혈중 알콜 농도가 유의하게 상승하였다. In alcohol dependence, some drugs reduce alcohol consumption and prevent the recurrence of alcohol drinking. There were some evidences that Radix puerariae was effective in the treatment of alcohol dependence. We studied the effect of Radix puerariae on blood alcohol concentration in healthy adults. The subjects were medical students, who did not have major physical disorders, drug abuse or dependence including alcohol, and other psychiatric disorders. After drinking 25% alcohol 3ml/kg, all subjects were measured for blood alcohol concentration at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120 minutes by Alco-sensor Ⅳ. Next day, all subjects were made to take Radix puerariae 6g/day(3g bid) for 14 days. And then blood alcohol concentration were measured by the same method. The results were significant increase in blood alcohol concentration at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes.

허혈 조건부여가 심근기능의 회복에 미치는 영향 : 적출 심장모델을 이용한 실험연구 Isolated heart experimental study

백광제,김준식,한승백,전영진,이인성 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: Brief episode of coronary artery occlusion(i.e.,ischemic preconditioning) makes the heart more resistant to injury from a subsequent ischemic insult. Although a great deal of effort has been made in studying ischemic preconditioning, the underlying mechanism of ischemic preconditioning and its effect on hypothermic insult has not been elucidated. This study was performed to see whether ischemic preconditioning protects against the depression of cardiac contractility induced by hypothermic cardioplegic arrest/reperfusion. And recently, adenosine was known to have some correlation with the mechanism of preconditioning. If so, does this effect remain after the blockade of adenosine receptor by 8-phenyl theophyline? Method: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rat weighed 250-350g were used and divided into three groups. Rat hearts were removed rapidly, and each isolated heart paced with a rate of 180/min was perfused by modified Krebs-Hensleit buffer(KHB) solution on a Langendorff apparatus for an hour. After obtaining baseline data including left ventricular pressure(LVP), dp/dt, and coronary flow, cardiac arrest was induced by perfusion of 0℃ crystalloid cardioplegic(St Thomas) solution. After that, all hearts were stored in the same St Thomas solution at same temperature for 2 hours. In group Ⅰ(control group), the heart was reperfused by KHB solution. In group Ⅱ(preconditioning group), the heart was subjected to two 2-minute episode of global ischemia followed by 5 minute reperfusion with KHB solution(preconditioning) before cardiac arrest. In group Ⅲ(phenyl theophylline group), the heart was subjected to preconditioning procedure and 8-phenyl theophylline at 10μM in concentration was added to KHB solution at time of reperfusion. Observing parameter was obtained in each group at 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes after starting reperfusion and compared statistically by use of one way ANOVA test(STASTICA, release 4.5). p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Although depressed LVP, dp/dt, and coronary flow were seen in all groups during the reperfusion period, the preconditioned group showed more effective recovery of LVP than that of the control group, especially at 10, 20 and 40 minutes(p<.05). We failed to demonstrate the difference between the phenyl theophylline group and the control group(p=NS). Conclusion: These results suggest that ischemic preconditioning has protective effect on recovery state of hypothemic cardioplegic arrest/reperfusion. Its protective effect was limited during early reperfusion stage and was blocked by adenosine blocker.

뉴로-퍼지를 이용한 이상진단 시스템에 대한 연구

김영진,김성철,박제현 한국경영과학회 2001 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1(2)

지금까지 다양한 방식의 로터시스템과 이에 대한 여러 종류의 다양한 이상진단을 시도하여 왔으며 앞으로도 많은 방식의 이상진단이 이루어지리라 생각한다. 다양한 방식의 이상진단은 시스템에서 추출되는 데이터를 여러 가지 기법과 추출되는 센서의 특징을 파악하여 이상진단 알고리즘을 수립하는 과정을 망라하게 된다. 특히 이상진단 알고리즘에서는 측정된 데이터의 불확실성을 감안한 이론이 적용되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 로터시스템을 이용한 베어링 진단 유무의 이상진단을 Fuzzy Logic과 Neural Network 그리고 통계적으로 데이터를 처리하는 기법을 이용하여 이상진단에 있어서 정상과 비정상 상태를 구분하였다. 이러한 3가지 진단방법과 Neuro-fuzzy를 이용한 진단 방법을 상호비교를 통해서 여러 종류의 이상을 구분하는 작업수행을 연구하고자 한다.