잡초성벼의 superoxide dismutase cDNA cloning과 재배벼로의 형질전환

박상규,박종석,이승인,서석철,김병극,조윤래,서학수 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.2

냉해나 한발등의 환경스트레스에 대해 저항성을 유발하는 유전자를 환경스트레스에 강한 잡초성벼로부터 선발하고 이들 유전자를 재배벼에 도입하여 도입유전자 산물의 과량 발현을 통해 냉해나 한발 등에 대한 저항성이 향상된 벼를 선발하고자 하였다. 잡초성벼인 Bhutan 14Ad로부터 냉해 및 한발 저항성 유전자로 알려진 superoxide dismutase (SOD) cDNA를 분리하고자 mRNA를 분리하고 이 분리된 mRNA를 이용해 reverse transcriptase PCR방법으로 SOD cDNA를 cloning 하였다. 그 결과 2종의 SOD cDNA가 cloning되어 SOD-A, SOD-B로 명명하였다. 이들 cDNA의 염기서열을 결정한 결과 이들은 아미노산 서열 상동성이 88.4%를 나타내었으며, SOD-A는 oryza sativa 계열의 Cu/Zn SOD유전자인 GenBank accession No. L36320와 99.3%로 동일하였으며, SOD-B는 accession No. D01000과 100% 동일하였다. 이들 SOD-A와 SOD-B cDNA를 재배벼인 낙동벼에 형질전환하여 형질전환체 벼를 선발하였으며, 이들 형질전환체 벼의 냉해저항성 및 한발저항성 검정을 통해 저항성이 향상된 형질전환체 벼를 선발하고 있다. Two different cDNA clones for superoxide dismutase (SOD) were isolated from an weedy rice variety (Oryza sativa, cv. Bhutanl4Ad) and were introduced into a cultivated rice variety (Oryza sativa, cv. Nakdong) in order to develop the environmental stress-resistant rice plants. Sequence analysis of the cloned cDNAs indicated that the deduced amino acid sequence of SOD-A is 88.4% identical to that of SOD-B. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence of SOD-A is 99.3% identical to that of a Cu/Zn SOD gene of Oryza sativa (GenBank accession No. L36320). The nucleotide sequence of SOD-B was identical to that of the previously published SOD gene (Accession No. D01000). A cultivated rice variety, Nakdong-byeo, was transformed with chimenc SOD genes containing a actin promoter of rice and pin2 terminator using a particle bombardment technique. Transformed calli were selected on an selection medium containing phosphinothricin (PPT). Transgenic rice plants were regenerated from the PPT-resistant calli. PCR analysis with genomic DNAs from transgenic plants revealed that transgenes are introduced into rice genome.

다중로보트 시스템의 충돌회피 동작계획에 관한 연구

서석환 한국경영과학회 1989 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1

This paper deals with collision-avoidance trajectory planning for multiple robot environments where work areas of two or more manipulators intersect. Trajectory planning is composed of two stages: obstacle-avoidance path planning, followed by velocity planning. A CAD program, called MULYPATH, is developed based on a new concept of multi-robot path planning. The CAD system allows the user to generate a set of obstacle avoiding paths and "interference map" for multiple robots. The velocity planner then takes these paths to derive minimum-cost trajectories with dynamic programming technique. Practical application of the method is for optimal synthesis multiple robot trajectories in off-line.

Dimethylbenzanthracene과 N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea 投與에 依한 腫瘍發生에 미치는 Caffeine의 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

徐光善,申石澈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1987 충남의대잡지 Vol.14 No.1

An experimental study was carried out to observe the effects of caffeine on Dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA)-and N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea(NMU)-induced carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 120 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 9 groups and the well-studied chemical carcinogen, NMU, was given to female Sprague-Dawley rats, with and without DMBA administration. These rats were fed with placebo or two doses of caffeine-supplemented drinking water and observed for the incidence of cancers. At the 32th week, all the palpable tumors observed were removed for histologic confirmation. The results were as follows: 1. There was significant increase in incidence of cancers in DMBA combined with NMU-treated, groups (70. 8%) compared with NMU-treated groups (33.3%, P<0.01). The groups treated with DMBA and NMU had a highest mortality rate over the period of study (P<0.01). 2. The incidence of cancers was 52. 5% in the zero-dose caffeine groups, 37. 5% in the low-dose caffeine groups (lmg/ml), and 35. 0% in the high-dose caffeine groups (2mg/ml). On the comparison between proportions, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). But, the relative risk of caffeine on carcinogenesis was 0. 69. So, caffeine was proved to have some protective effect on the formation of cancers. The high-dose caffeine increased the animal mortality (P<O. 05). 3. During the period of study, the body weight of rats was steadily increased. At the 16th week, the rats that received DMBA combined with NMU weighed significantly less than the animals that did not receive carcinogen(P<O.05). At the 32th week, this statistical difference was not significant (P>O. 1). The presence and dosage of caffeine did not significantly change animal weight(P>0.05). 4. Various types of cancers were observed. The most common malignant tumor was breast cancer 40 cases, followed by squamous cell carcinoma 27 cases, sarcoma 6 cases, malignant lymphoma 4 cases, etc. The total number of cancers was highest in the zero-dose caffeine groups. The incidence of breast cancer was not significantly different between DMBA combined with NMU-treated groups and NMU-treated groups (P>0.05). But, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma was higher in the DMBA combined with NMU-treated groups (P<0.01). By the relative risk, caffeine was proved to have some protective effect on the formation of cancers in the breast and skin. On the comparison between proportions of the zero-dose caffeine groups and the high -dose caffeine groups, this difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01). The presence or amount of caffeine did not cause detectable histologic differences in the each type of cancers. In conclusion, the present data demonstrated that caffeine was proved to have some protective effect on the DMBA and/or NMU induced carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats.

韓國貿易의 性格分析試論(Ⅱ)

徐根太,朴奭根 釜山 大學校 經營 經濟 硏究所 1988 經營 經濟 硏究 Vol.7 No.1

東西俗談의 比較硏究 : 俗談學의 체系確立을 爲한 根源的 試圖

徐石演 慶星大學校 1981 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.2 No.1

중국의 농촌 주식합작기업에 관한 연구

서석흥 서울대학교 국제지역원 1998 국제지역연구 Vol.7 No.1

개혁·개방 시기 연평군 10%에 가까운 중국경제의 고속성장을 가능케 한 가장 중요한 원동력은 농촌지역의 급속한 향지기업의 발흥이었다. 향진기업은 국유기업에 비해 강한 시장 적응려과 민활한 경영 메카니즘을 가지고 있으나, 다른 한편 재산권 관계의 불명확성과 정부와 기업의 미분리 현상, 규모의 영세성과 자금 부족 및 관리·기술수준의 낙후 등이 주요 해결과제로서 지적되고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위한 하나의 시도로서 중국의 일부 농촌지역에서는 1980년대 중반부터 향진기업의 기업형태를 주식합작제로 개조하는 작업이 자발적으로 진행되어왔고, 1990년대에 들어와서는 정부의 장려 정책과 제도적 뒷받침에 힘입어 그 속도가 더욱 빨라졌다. 그리하여 1995년 현재 전체 향진기업의 15%인 약 300만 개의 향진기업(그 중 향촌 집체기업은 30여만 개)이 주식합작제를 실시하고 있는 것을 조사되었다. 농촌 향진기업에의 주식합작제도의 도입은 1994년부터 도시 국유기업에서 중점적으로 시도되고 있는 회사제도의 도입과 동일한 위상을 갖는 핵심적인 개혁 작업으로 판단된다. 나아가 주식합작제는 1997년 9월의 당 제15차대회를 계기로 하여 그후 농촌의 향진기업뿐만 아니라 도시의 중소형 국유기업과 집체기업에까지도 더욱 광범위하게 도입될 것으로 예상된다. 이에 본 논문에서는 중국 내의 다양한 1,2차 자료를 정리·분석하여 중국 향진기업의 새로운 개조 형태인 농촌 주식합작기업의 전체적 모습을 개괄적으로 고찰하였다. 제I절 머리말에서는 본 연구의 의의를 제시하고, 제II절에서는 주식합작기업의 정의와 특징을 정리하였다. 제III절에서는 농촌 주식합작기업의 발전 배경과 개조의 목적을 고찰했으며, 제IV절에서는 발전 과정과 현황을 개관하였다. 제V절에서는 종촌 주식합작경제의 기본 유형과 주요 모델 및 개조방식을 살펴보고, 제VI절에서는 종촌 주식합작기업의 주식과 자본금 구성, 조직구조와 소득분재 등을 고찰하였다. 마지막으로 제VII절 맺음말에서는 본 주제와 관련해 금후 추가적으로 고찰되어져야 할 몇가지 주요 문제를 제시하였다. The most important motive power that made the high speed(about 10% a year) growth of Chinese ecomony in the reform era possible was the sudden rise of rural enterprises. While rural enterprises have stronger market adjustment and more pormpt management mechanism than state-owned enterprises have, on the other hand they have problems of indistinctness in property right, inseparation between government and enterprises, small scale, funds shortage, and the falling behind in the level of management and technique. As a try to improve these problems, from the middle of the 1980s rural enterprises have voluntarily changed their enterprise-form into share-holding cooperative enterprises in some Chinese rural community and from the 1990s thanks to government's encouragement and systematic support, the changing speed has become faster. According to the investigation of 1995, about 3million rural enterprises (15% of the all rural enterprises) were enforcing share-holding cooperative system. It is judged that introducing shard-holoing cooperative system into rural enterprises is the kernel reform equal to introducing modern company system into urban state-owned enterprised from 1994. In addition, it is expected that with the Chinese Communist Party015th rally septembver 1997, share-holding cooperative system is going to be introduced into urban small and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises as well as rural enterprises more widely. In this paper I studied the general figure of rural share-holding cooperative enterprises by arranging and analyzing the various first, second data. I presented the significance of this study in chapter I and arranged the definition and special feature of share-holding cooperative enterprises in chapter II, studying the development background and the reform purpose of rural share-holding cooperative enterprises in chapter III and surveying the development process and the present condition in chapter IV. And I looked into the basic form, main model and reform way of rural share-holding cooperative economy in chapter V, investigating the stocks-funds formation, structure, and income distribution of rural share-holding cooperative enterprises in chapter VI. Finally in chapter VII, I presented several main problems to be studied afterwards relating to this subject.

Cycloheximide가 膵臟腺房細胞에 미치는 影響에 關한 微細形態學的 硏究

徐仁壽,洪錫宰 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

蛋白合成障碍가 膵臟腺房細胞의 微細構造 및 自家貪食力에 미치는 影響을 알아보기 爲해 흰쥐에 cycloheximide와 自家貪食亢進劑인 neutral red를 單獨 또 倂合 投與하여 惹起된 微細形態學的 變化를 電子顯微鏡으로 觀察하였던 바를 要約하면 다음과 같다. Cycloheximide는 膵臟腺房細胞에 比較的 初期에서부터 Golgi complex의 腫脹, ER膜에 附着된 ribosome의 脫落을 主로 한 輕한 變化를 일으켰다. 60分이 經過하면 ER 및 mitochondria의 輕한 腫脹, 脫落된 ribosome의 破壞 및 消失等을 볼 수 있었으나 그 程度는 輕微하였다. Autophagic vacuole의 計數는 對照群이 한 腺房當 10.1±2.2個, neutral red投與群이 54.4±4.9個, cycloheximide와 neutral red를 同時에 投與한 群에서는 21.5±4.1개, cycloheximide投與 30分 後 neutral red 投與群에서는 9.7±2.7個이었다. 이와 같은 事實은 cycloheximide가 autophagic vacuole形成에 抑制的 效果가 있다는 것을 意味하며 autophagic vacuole의 形成에는 어떤 形態로든 새로운 蛋白合成이 必要하다는 것을 示唆하는 것이라 생각된다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of cycloheximide, known as an inhibitor of protein synthesis at the level of polypetide elongation, on the fine structures of pancreatic acinar cells. Also studied was the effects of protein synthesis inhibition by cycloheximide on the neutral red-induced autophagocytosis. Twenty-one male albino rats, maintained on water only for 12 hours, weighing 200㎎. in average, were divided into 5 groups, 3 rats for each groups except Group 2. Group 1: This is to serve as a control group. Two consecutive doses of 0.4㎖. of saline per 100 gm. of body weight were given intraperitoneally to 3 rats at interval of 30 minutes. Group 2: A dose of 2 mg. of cycloheximide per 100gm. of body weight was given to 9 rats intraperitoneally and 3 animals each were sacrificed 30, 60 and 90 minutes after injection, respectively. Group 3: A dose of 2mg. of neutral red per 100gm. of body weight was given to 3 rats intraperitoneally, 30 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of 0.4 ㎖ of saline per gm. of body weight. Group 4: A dose of 2㎎. of neutral red per 100gm. of body weight was given to 3 rats intraperitoneally, 30 minutes after intraperitioneal injection of 2㎎. of cycloheximide per 100gm. of body weight. Group 5: Simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of 2 ㎎. of neutral red and 2㎎. of cycloheximide per 100gm. of body weight was given to 3 rats. All animals were sacrificed 60 minutes after the the last injection except Group 2. Pancreas extirpated for both light and electron microscopic studies. The results were summarized as follow: Cycloheximide induced moderate dilatation of Golgi complex aad detachment of ribosomes from RER membrane from early stage (sacrificed 30 minute after injection). Mild swelling of RER and mitochondria along with destruction and disappearance of detached ribosomes were noted in the animals sacrificed 60 and 90 minutes after injection (Group 2). The number of autophagic vacules per acinus was 10.1±2.2 in the control group (Group 1); 54.4±4.9 in neutral red only group (Group 3); 21.5±4.1 in neutral red simultaneous with cycloheximide group(Group 5); 9.7±2.7 in the group with neutural red administered 30 minutes after cycloheximide injection(Group 4). The results showed marked inhibitory effects of cycloheximide on the neutral red-induced autophagocytosis, suggesting need for do novo synthesis of protein in the formation of the autophagic vacuoles.

콘크리트의 壓縮强度에 미치는 굵은 골재 크기의 영향에 관한 基礎的 硏究

윤석천,박서규,남재현,김무한 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1985 論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study is to research an effect of aggregate size on the compressive strength of concrete. Tests were, therefore, made in sixteen classes of concrete : maximum aggregate sizes of 5, 10, 20, 30^mm with water cement rations of 40% and 60% and with AEA°cement rations of 0.00% and 0.03% for each maximum aggregate size. The results of this experiment are showing the fellowing tendency. 1. Generally, with the range of this experiment program, the smaller maximum aggregate size becomes, the higher the compressive strength of concrete gets. 2. The decreasing tate of the compressive strength of concrete gets higher in lean mix concrete than in rich mix concrete at each age. 3. The compressive strength of concrete is developed faster with not only the increase of maximum aggregate size but also the decrease of water cement ratio. And it shows that the rate of the compressive strength development is higher in AE concrete in spite of water cement ratio.

Silent Discharge와 TiO₂광촉매 산화반응을 이용한 VOCs 처리

박석출,정창훈,서정민,최금찬 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

This study has been carried out for evaluation of VOCs treatment let out at the industrial field using a silent discharge process through process approvement and TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation. And it was presented experimental results on the silent discharge plasma and TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation processes at atmospheric pressure gas streams containing diluted concentrations of benzene, toluene, and xylene out of VOCs. It has shown that each concentration, background gas, flowrate, and applied power have effected on three materials decomposition and byproduct distribution. Analyses of benzene, toluene, xylene and byproduct concentration was carried out by GC-FID.

제2종 중도절단에 근거한 지수분포의 신뢰함수 추정

강석복,서영수,이광호 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-

In this paper, we shall propose several reliability estimators in the two-parameter exponential distribution, and compare the proposed estimators in terms of the MSE through the Monte Carlo simulation.