수당대 중국불교 명계관의 변용 -『금강경찬』을 중심으로

손진 ( Son Jin ) 한국동서철학회 2021 동서철학연구 Vol.- No.102

수당대에 명계의 주재자는 태산부군에서 염라왕으로 변화하였다. 중국불교의 영험담에서 죽은 사람이 살아 돌아오는 재생의 이야기 중에는 죽어서 명계에 가게 되고, 司命의 취조를 받은 결과, 살아서 돌아오게 되었다는 기사가 있다. 이와 같이 명계에 가서 돌아 온 이야기는 명계체험담이라 부를 수 있다. 중국의 불교인들은 이러한 유형의 이야기에 불교의 요소를 넣었다. 지금까지는 명계의 상태와 살아 돌아오기까지의 과정에 관심의 중점이 두어졌는데 불교의 영향을 받은 명계체험담은 명계에서의 심판과 생전의 죄에 대한 벌을 받는 장소인 지옥이 주제가 되었다. 應驗과 마찬가지로 명계의 체험과 재생이 이야기되고 있다. 또한 경전을 염송하여 자신의 죄업을 용서받고 수명이 연장되기도 하였다. 불교의 영향을 받은 명계체험담은 불교측의 수용 방식에 따라 몇 가지의 방향이 모색되었다. 또한 목적에 대해서도 단순히 포교에 국한되지 않은 사정이 있었던 것이다. 명계체험담에서 염라왕의 등장과 송경은 남북조시대 말기부터 시작되었다. 본고는 중국에서 찬술된 『금강경찬』을 중심으로 이러한 명계체험담을 살펴보았다. 남북조시대 말기부터 각각의 독자적인 교의를 가진 다양한 불교 종파가 등장하였고, 그들은 명계를 방문하는 것과 관련된 이야기와 다른 불교의 이야기들을 자신의 교의와 일치시키기 위하여 변용하기도 하였다. 『금강경찬』의 명계 방문과 재생에 대한 이야기는 이렇게 만들어진 것이다. The host of the underworld changed from Taishan fujun (泰山府君 the Lord of Mount Tai) to Yanluo wang (閻羅王 King Yama) during the Sui and Tang dynasties. In the miraculous stories of Chinese Buddhism, among the tales of regeneration in which a dead person returns to life, there is one about someone who dies, goes to the underworld, gets interrogated by Siming (司命), and then comes back to life. Such stories about coming back from the underworld can be called tales of journeys to the netherworld and back. Chinese Buddhists added Buddhist elements to these types of stories. Back then, attention had been focused on the state of the underworld and the process of returning to life, but the topic has become that of a judgment in the netherworld influenced by Buddhism and hell as a place where people are punished for their sins. Like yingyan (應驗, lit. response and verification), it is about the experience of the netherworld and regeneration. Also, people were forgiven for their sins and their lives were extended by reciting the scriptures. Tales about the netherworld, which were influenced by Buddhism, were approached from several directions based on the ways that Buddhism was accommodated. In addition, there were circumstances in which the goal was not limited to missionary work. In the tales of the netherworld, the appearance of King Yama and the reciting of the sūtra (誦經) began at the end of the Northern and Southern dynasties. This paper looks at these tales about the netherworld, focusing on Jin’gangjing zuan (金剛經贊), written in China. From the end of the Northern and Southern dynasties, various Buddhist sects with their own teachings emerged, and they transformed the stories about visiting the netherworld and other Buddhist stories to match their doctrines. This is how the story of visiting the netherworld and regeneration in Jin’gangjing zuan came into being.

Conceptual Study for Tissue-Regenerative Biodegradable Magnesium Implant Integrated with Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanofi bers

Jin‑Kyung Jeon,Hyunseon Seo,Jimin Park,Soo Ji Son,Yeong Rim Kim,Eun Shil Kim,Jong Woong Park,Woong‑Gyo Jung,Hojeong Jeon,Yu‑Chan Kim,Hyun‑Kwang Seok,Jae Ho Shin,Myoung‑Ryul Ok 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The excessive initial corrosion rate of Mg is a critical limitation in the clinical application of biodegradable Mg implantsbecause the device loses its fi xation strength before the fractured bone heals. This study suggests a new approach to overcomethis hurdle by accelerating tissue regeneration instead of delaying the implant biodegradation. As angiogenesis is anessential process in early bone regeneration, a Mg implant coated with electrospun nanofi bers containing nitric oxide (NO),which physiologically promotes angiogenesis, is designed. The integrated device enables adjustable amounts of NO to bestored on the NO donor-conjugated nanofi ber coating, stably delivered, and released to the fractured bone tissue near theimplanted sites. An in vitro corrosion test reveals no adverse eff ect of the released NO on the corrosion behavior of the Mgimplant. Simultaneously, the optimal concentration level of NO released from the implant signifi cantly enhances tube networkformation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells without any cytotoxicity problem. This indicates that angiogenesis canbe accelerated by combining NO-releasing nanofi bers with a Mg implant. With its proven feasibility, the proposed approachcould be a novel solution for the initial stability problem of biodegradable Mg implants, leading to successful bone fi xation.

[Jin-Hyuk Son] 강물

손진혁(Jin-Hyuk Son) (주)월간사진 2024 월간 사진 Vol.671 No.-

전자코를 이용한 마늘냄새의 감소 효과 분석

손주아,임채란,손희진,강진희,노봉수 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2007 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.19 No.-

Ths effectiveness of reduction of garlic flavor in model solution was investigated using metal oxide sensor of electronic nose. After removing garlic sample (control) it was washed by milk or casein solution. The obtained data from electronic nose were analyzed by principal component analysis. Control Sample was separated from the treatment that was washed with 1, 3, 5% casein solution by first principal component score. There is no difference between 1% casein treatment and 3% casein one. Five percent casein solution was effectively differentiated from control. It means that casein (5%) might be bound with garlic flavor. One percent green tea was effective but it was done by washing rather than binding.

Methylation Status and Expression of E-cadherin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas Compared to Benign Oral Epithelial Lesions

Son, Hyun-Jin,Chu, Jung-Youb,Cho, Eui-Sic,Lee, Dong-Geun,Min, Myung-Gee,Lee, Suk-Keun,Cho, Nam-Pyo The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Expression of invasion/metastasis suppressor, E-cadherin, is reduced in many types of human carcinomas. Although somatic and germline utations in the CDH1, which encodes the human E-cadherin, have frequently been reported in cases with diffuse gastric and lobular breast ancers, irreversible genetic inactivations are rare in other human carcinomas. Recently, it has been well documented that some genes in human cancers may be inactivated by altered CpG methylation. Herein, we determined the expression and methylation status of E-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by immunohistochemistry and methylation-specific PCR. The expression of E-cadherin was significantly higher in the well-differentiated oral SCCs than the moderately or poorly differentiated ones. None of eight tested benign pithelial hyperplasias showed aberrant methylation, whereas five of 12 oral squamous cell carcinomas showed aberrant methylation. When we compared E-cadherin expression with methylation status, oral SCCs with normal methylation showed a higher expression of E-cadherin than those with methylation. These findings suggest that aberrant CpG methylation of CDH1 promoter region is closely associated with transcriptional inactivation and might be involved in tumor progression of the oral mucosa.

부산 백세인 특성

김윤진,이정규,박형숙,김동희,손용진 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2008 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.23

Purpose: The proportion of centenarians has been increasing in many parts of the world, and the issues of longevity has been the subject of the research concern in recent years. We has conducted the first study with centenarians in Busan, 2006 and this is a follow-up study for prospective research of centenarians in Busan. Methods: The demographic database of Busan Centenarian Study existing in 2006 wasutilized for our studies. Twenty-five centenarians or a proxy were contacted and eight individuals agreed to have a direct interview using a questionnaire. Data were collected from May to June 2007. Results: Of the 2Scentenarians, 2(8%)were men and 23(92 %) were women. The average age was 101.3 years and the highest one was 106 years of age. The majority of the centenarians were living with family, most of those were living with their sons. Among 8 visited centenarians, there were 2 drinkers(2S%) but no one was smoking. Among them, 7 centenarians (87.5%) had regular eating pattern and, 3 centenarians(37.5%) participated social activities. Conclusions: The centenarian in Busan is likely to be healthy and they are living with their family. The centenarians study in Busan has important meaning to understand the health of centenarians.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

예측소음도와 설문결과를 이용한 철도소음 노출-반응 모델

손진희(Son, Jin-Hee),이건(Lee, Kun),장서일(Chang, Seo-Il) 한국소음진동공학회 2011 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.21 No.5

The suggested method of previous Son's study dichotomized subjective response data to modeling noise exposure-response. The method used maximum liklihood estimation instead of least square estimation and the noise exposure-response curve of the study was logistic regression analysis result. The method was originated to modeling community response rate such as %HA or %A. It can be useful when the subjective response was investigated based on predicted noise level. It is difficult to measure the single source emitting noise such as railway because various traffic noise sources combined in our life. The suggested method was adopted to model in this study and railway noise-exposure response curves were modeled because the noise level of this area was predicted data. The data of this study was used by previous Ko's paper but he dealt the area as combined noise area and divided the data by dominant noise source. But this study used all data of this area because the annoyance response to railway noise was higher than other noise according to the result of correlation analysis. The trend of the %HA and %A prediction model to train noise of this study is almost same as the model based on measured noise of previous Lim's study although the investigated areas and methods were different.

고대의 동이인식

송옥진 ( Ok Jin Son ) 국제뇌교육종합대학원 국학연구원 2013 선도문화 Vol.14 No.-

많은 학자들은 만주 요동지역이 고조선시대 강역이었다고 말한다. 또한 그 지역에 존재하던 민족구성을 동이족으로 파악하여 우리 선조의 토대로 이해하고 있다. 따라서 그간 국내 학자들에 의해 연구된 ‘동이’의 의미를 확인하고 중국측 기록에서 인식된 ‘동이’와 그들의 사서를 인용하는 우리의 동이인식은 어떤지를 살펴보고자 한다. 중국의 관찬사서인『한서』에는 “東夷天性柔順”이라는 구절이 있어 우리민족은 그 천성이 온순하고 좋다는 인식이 확산되었다. 또한 『삼국지』「오환선비동이전」 에는 부여, 고구려 등 고조선 이후 우리 민족 명칭이 나와 있어 이후 우리 역사가 동이전에 편입되는 시초가 되었다. 『후한서』 에는 “동방이 곧 夷이고 夷는 곧 뿌리다” 라는 구절로써 ‘우리 민족은 근원이다’라는 해석을 하게 한다. 그러나 이러한 각 구절만으로 우리 민족성향과 역사를 추론한다는 것은 매우 위험한 발상이 아닐 수 없다. 따라서 본 글에서는 각 구절을 확인하는 한편 고조선으로 통칭되는 우리민족의 설정을 중국측에서는 어떻게 했는지 확인해보고자 한다. 또한 중국 최대의 성인인 공자의 동이인식과 만주지역을 기반으로 한 고조선지역을 통칭하는 ‘맥’에 대해 공자는 어떻게 인식하였는지 확인해보도록 한다. We have called us not ``Hanminjoek``, but ``Dongyijoek`` in these days. It begins with argument that ``Dongyijoek`` had influenced on Chinese or ``Whahajoek``. Especially, this arguments almost emphasize superiority of our nation (Dongyi) with anecdote that The Master ``confucius`` admired ``Dongyi``. So, We have replace meaning of ``Dongyi`` by something to mean our nation in a dictionary. But ``Dongyi`` just means ``Eastern barbarian``, surrounded enemy from China. We recognized ``Dongyi`` as our nation after middle of Choson era. There are some mention in a old bood the latter part of Choson era. In a Chinese record, at first, ``Dongyi`` menas many nations to live in Sandong peninsula and Huai River. And it means all nations to live in eastern ``Liaoning Sheng``. In ``before Jin’, ``Maek`` is word that means north eastern China area, but it is intentionally changed and combined. In Chinese record a first opinion to ``yi`` is just far away area by Sima-Qian`s old history book. It was changed a humble name to near surrounded force at the Age of Chinese Warring States. And then some force was powerful, so the included ``Manju`` and ``Hanbando`` among ``Dongyi``. Now China will assimilate ``Dongyi`` there history. But ``Dongyi`` occurred frequently just at Choson era. We have to record the history with independance history mind froe one word ``Dongyi``. We don`t insist on our opinion that our history is right. But more important thing is that we never allow another opinion to history intactly. For that we need to observe and express our history on our point of view not Sinocentrism.

과학적 근거 중심 평가를 도입한 마늘의 콜레스테롤 조절 기능성 평가

김인혜;조강진;김진영;황경아;황유진;채유진;엄애선 한양대학교 2010 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.30 No.1

Garlic (Allium sativum) is used a flavouring agent and a traditional medicine in human history. Numerous studies support the fact that garlic intake may have effect on cholesetrol-lowering. No claims currently have been made about garlic intake and cholesterol-lowering effect with respect to health claim in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence on garlic intake and cholesterol-lowering effect by the scientific evidence-based rating system of Korean Food and Drug Administration for health claim. We carried out a comprehensive search of the Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and manual searches of relevant journals for studies between 1955-2009. The search terms were garlic and Allium sativum in combination with cholesterol. Eighteen clinical stidies were included and reviewed to evaluate the strength of evidence that supports a relation between garlic intake and cholesterol-lowering effect. Our results suggests that level of scientific evidence on garlic intake and cholesterol-lowering effect is "other function (II) probable".