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박형숙 한국환경독성학회 2003 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.18 No.3
Cr(Ⅵ)-containing compounds are well-established carcinogens, although the mechanism for chromium-induced carcinogenesis is still not well understood. The reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) to its lower oxidation states, particularly Cr(Ⅴ) and Cr(Ⅳ), is an important step for the production of chromium-mediated reactive oxygen species(ROS). The persistent oxidative stress during the reduction process may play a key role in the mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ)-induced carcinogenesis. This paper summarizes recent studies on (Ⅰ) the reuction of Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ) occur by a multiplicity of mechanisms depending on the nature of reducing agents including ascorbate, diol-and thiol-containing molecules, certain flavoenzymes, cell orgenells, intact cells, and whole animals; (2) free-radical production with emphasis on hydroxy radical generation via Fenton or Haber-Weiss type reactions; and (3) free radical-induced cellular damage, such as DNA stand breaks, hydroxylation of 2´-deoxyguanosine, and activation of nuclear transcription factor κB.
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박형숙,박광식 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.2
Human exposure to highly nickel-polluted environments, such as those associated with nickel refining, electroplating, and welding, has the potential to produce a variety of pathologic effects. Among them are skin allergies, lung fibrosis, and cancer of the respiratory tract. The exact mechanisms of nickel-induced carcinogenesis are not known and have been the subject of numerous epidemiologic and experimental investigations. This review provides the evidence of the current state for the genotoxic and mutagenic activity of Ni(Ⅱ) particularly at high doses. Such doses are best delivered into the cells by phagocytosis of sparingly soluble nicikelcontaining dust particles. Ni(Ⅱ) genotoxicity may be aggravated through the generation of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species(ROS) and the inhibition of DNA repair by this metal. The epigenetic effects of nickel includes alteration in gene expression resulting from DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation, as well as activation some signaling pathways and subsequent transcrziption factors.
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혈액투석환자의 자가간호 역량 및 자기효능감에 대한 연구
박형숙,조징림,Park, Hyoung-Sook,Cho, Jing-Lim 한국가정간호학회 2002 가정간호학회지 Vol.9 No.2
The purpose of this study was to identity degree on self-care agency & self efficacy of hemodialisis patients. The subjects for the study consisted of 260 hemodialisis patients and the data were collected from April 1st. 2002 to April 30. 2002. The instruments used for this study were the Self-carer As Inventory Scale(Genden & Taylor. 1998) and Concrete Self Efficacy Scale(Joo-Hyen Kim. 1995). The Self-carer As Inventory translated by So Hyang-Sook and was modified by auther of this study. The data were analysed by using SPSS/WIN program and included number. percentange. t-test, ANOV A and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. As the average score Self-care agency indicated $132.21\pm19.11$ points and Self efficacy showed $597.33\pm130.95$points. it can be said that Self-care agency and Self efficacy were high. 2. In the relationship between general and hemodialisis cure characteristics and Self care agency were significant difference in age(F=3.065. p=0.018). married(F=3.160. p= 0.029). religion(F=4.128. p=0.003). hemodialisis cure duration(F=2.615. p=0.049). 3. In the relationship between general and hemodialisis cure characteristics and Self efficacy were significant difference in age (F=2.992. p=0.019). married(F=4.427. p=0.013), job(before attack-F=1.926. p=0.044. after attack-F=1.784. p=0.048). incomes (F=2.235. p=0.041), hemodialisis cure frequency (F=1.718. p=0.042). diet practice (F=2.248. p=0.025). 4. Self efficacy was significantly related to Self-care agency(r=0.474. p<(0.001). That is the higher the self efficacy. the higher the level of Self-care agency. The result in the above showed that more concern and endeavors need to improve hope. medical support. self efficacy, self-care agency of hemodialisis patients.
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팔루스에 대한 여성 욕망과 유동하는 정체성 –신경숙 은희경 전경린의 소설을 중심으로
박형숙 한국여성문학학회 2023 여성문학연구 Vol.58 No.-
In Shin Gyeong-sook’s novel, the gender of female characters is one that lacks pleasure due to depression. The female characters desire the male phallus but leave their own pleasures unfulfilled by withdrawing their own desire. This female identity that lacks pleasure functions to strengthen the ideology of patriarchy by aligning with the traditional motherhood demanded by patriarchal society. In Eun Hee-Gyeong’s novel, female characters possess a gender identity defined by the denial of pleasure through repeated obedience. This character desires male phallus but escapes into the autistic world, making herself into an inferior individual. The feminine subjective of pleasure exclusion leads to barren sex after imprisonment in a mental hospital. That results in the dismantling of the family. In Jeon Gyeong-lin’s novel, a female character parodies the male phallus, resulting in feminine identity of excess pleasure. This female character desires the male phallus and becomes a being of sexual excess. This is a parody of the free sexual relationship of male characters. This parody has the effect of denying men’s sexual authority and breaking down the hierarchy between men and women. Feminine identity that is defined by excessive pleasure repeats sexual adventures by falling deeply into sex. As such, women’s identities show that gender identity is formed differently depending on the way women reveal their pleasure in their desire for Phallus. They are not single or fixed but rather reveal the fluidity of women’s identities. 신경숙·은희경·전경린 소설 속 인물들은 남성 팔루스를 욕망하는 인물들이지만그 양상은 각기 다르다. 신경숙의 소설에서 여성 인물은 우울증을 통해 쾌락 결여의 젠더를 구성한다. 어린 시절 좌절된 동성애의 기억은 여성 인물을 우울증에 빠뜨리고 그 결과나르시시즘 단계로 퇴행한다. 이 여성 인물은 남성 팔루스를 욕망하지만 자기 욕망을 철회함으로써 자기 쾌락을 비워두게 된다. 이러한 쾌락 결여의 여성 젠더는전통적 모성과 조응함으로써 가부장제의 이데올로기를 강화하는 방향으로 나아간다. 은희경의 소설에서 여성 인물은 반복 복종을 통해 쾌락 배제의 젠더를 구성한다. 이 인물은 남성 팔루스를 욕망하지만 스스로를 열등 인자로 몰아넣으며 자폐적 세계로 도피한다. 쾌락 배제의 여성 젠더는 정신병원 수감을 거쳐 불모의성에 이르게 된다. 그것은 결과적으로 가부장제의 근간이 되는 가정을 해체하는역할을 한다. 전경린의 소설에서 여성 인물은 남성 팔루스를 패러디하는데 그 결과 쾌락과잉의 젠더가 된다. 이 여성 인물은 남성 팔루스를 욕망하면서 성적으로 과잉된존재가 된다. 이는 남성 인물의 자유로운 성적 관계에 대한 패러디이다. 이러한패러디는 남성의 성적인 권위를 부정하고 남성/여성 간의 위계를 무너뜨리는 효과를 낳는다. 쾌락 과잉의 여성 젠더는 성에 깊이 빠져들게 됨으로써 성적 모험을 반복하게 된다. 이처럼 여성의 젠더는 팔루스에 대한 욕망에 있어서 여성이 쾌락을 드러내는 방식에 따라 여성의 젠더가 다르게 형성된다는 것을 보여준다. 이들은 단일하거나 고정되어 있는 것이 아니라 유동하는 여성의 정체성을 보여준다.
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