Risk mitigation strategy by Passive IN-core Cooling system for advanced nuclear reactors

Seo, Seok Bin,Kim, In Guk,Kim, Kyung Mo,Jeong, Yeong Shin,Bang, In Cheol Elsevier 2018 Annals of nuclear energy Vol.111 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>After the Fukushima accident, the installation of passive safety systems for nuclear power plants becomes necessary as protection against external power failures. Recently, an innovative safety system was introduced by employing a hybrid heat-pipe concept asa Passive IN-core Cooling system (PINCs). The hybrid heat-pipe concept employs the combination of a control rod and a heat pipe to passively shutdown a reactor in an accident condition and simultaneously remove decay heat from the core. As a result, a PINCs can handle the entire accident sequence in a single system, leading to significant enhancement in nuclear reactor safety. In this study, the safety enhancement of various nuclear reactors has been quantitatively evaluated by using the probabilistic safety assessment method (PSA). PSA models of the APR1400, PGSFR, and SMART nuclear reactors developed in Korea, are developed, and a PINCs model has been applied to each reactor. The PSA model of the PINCs has been developed based on the systematic design and configuration of each reactor. In addition, postulated accident sequences where the PINCs operates have been developed in the PSA model. Finally, the consequence of each accident sequence has been quantitatively evaluated in the form of core damage frequency (CDF) and minimal cut set (MCS) for each nuclear reactor. Based on the PSA results, it is confirmed that the application of the PINCs effectively reduces the overall CDF of all nuclear reactors. In addition, the failure paths causing the core damage are restricted for APR1400 and PGSFR. In conclusion, the employment of the PINCs significantly improved the overall safety degrees of various nuclear reactors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PINCs combines a control rod and a heat pipe to enhance safety of advanced reactors. </LI> <LI> PSA models of advanced reactors are developed including PINCs. </LI> <LI> The consequences of the accident aided by PINCs are quantitatively evaluated. </LI> <LI> PINCs significantly reduces the overall CDFs of all nuclear reactors. </LI> </UL> </P>

A corpus-based study of green discourse in the South Korean press in comparison with the US press

Bang Min-hee,Shin Seo-in 한국사회언어학회 2012 사회언어학 Vol.20 No.1

Bang, Min-hee·Shin, Seo-in. 2012. A corpus-based study of green discourse in the South Korean press in comparison with the US press. The sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(1). pp. 79-110. This paper analyses corpora of South Korean and US newspapers to investigate the representation of environmental issues. The analysis focuses on the frequency and collocation of 녹색(noksaek: green) denoting environmental- friendliness. As a corpus-based study, the analysis aims to show how environmental issues are construed in the use of noksaek through collocational patterns and the context in which it occurs. The English word green is analysed for comparison as the English translation equivalent of noksaek. 그린(grin: green), a phonetic translation of green is also included in the analysis. The most characteristic of the green discourse in the South Korean press is expressed in 성장(seongjang: growth), the top collocate of noksaek. The construal of environmental issues as a matter of economic growth is a distinctively Korean approach, contrasting with the ways the issues are talked about in the US press. The use of grin(green) in the South Korean press shows that grin(green) is mainly used in the commercial sector and often to mask an un-green aspect of an entity modified by the word. (172 words)

Sarcoma 180 유발 생쥐에 미치는 Evening Primrose 종자유의 영향

서재관,신인철,서대규 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1988 環境科學論文集 Vol.9 No.-

체중 25gm 내외의 ICR계 웅성 생쥐에 복수암인 Sarcoma 180을 유발시킨 후 체중 ㎏당 1.5㎖의 생리적 식염수를 경구적으로 투여한 군을 대조군으로 하고, Sarcoma 180을 이식직후 체중 kg당 1.5ml의 Evening Primrose 종자유를 매일 10일간 경구적으로 투여한 군과 체중 ㎏당 1.5㎖의 Evening Primrose 종자유를 매일 10일간 경구적으로 투여한 후 Sarcoma 180을 이식한 군으로 나누었다. 숙주의 수명은 잔존하는 악성종양세포의 수와 반비례하는 것으로 알려져 있음으로 Sarcoma 180 유발 생쥐의 생존기간, 암세포 및 백혈구 수에 미치는 Evening Primrose 종자유의 효과를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Sarcoma 180 유발 생쥐의 생존일수의 평균치는 대조군에서는 13.9일이었으나 Evening Primrose 종자유 전처치군에서는 23.3일, 후처군에서는 26.3일로서 생존일수의 연장효과를 보여주었다. 2. Sarcoma 180 유발 생쥐의 복수에서의 암세포수는 대조군에서는 암세포수가 점차 증가되었으나, Evening Primrose 종자유 전처치 및 후처치군에서는 대조군에서 보다 적은 범위로 암세포수가 증가되어 암세포증식의 억제효과를 보여주었다. 3. Sarcoma 180 유발 생쥐의 백혈구수는 대조군에서는 백혈구수가 점차 증가되었으나, Evening Primrose 종자유 전처치 및 후처치군에서는 대조군에서보다 적은 범위로 백혈구수가 증가되어 백혈구증식의 억제효과를 보여주었다. Sarcoma 180 bearing mice, averaging 25gm of body weight, were divided into 3 groups of animals, animals administered 1.5㎖/㎏ of normal saline for 10 days after tumor implantation as control group, animals administered 1.5㎖/㎏ of Evening Primrose Seed Oil for 10 days after tumor implantation as posttreatment group, animals implanted tumor after administered 1.5㎖/㎏ of Evening Primrose Seed Oil for 10 days as pretreatment group. This study was made to elucidate the effects of Evening Primrose Seed Oil on the survival days, tumor cell count and leukocyte count in sarcoma 180 bearing mice. The results were as follows. 1. Average survival days was 13.9 days in control group, 23.3 days in pretreatment group and 26.3 days in posttreatmint group. 2. Tumor cell count in ascitic fluid was increased in control group and increased to smaller extents than control group in pretreatment and posttreatment groups. 3. Leukocyte count was increased in control group and increased to smaller extents than control group in pretreatment and posttreatment groups. Consequently, it is suggested that Evening Primrose Seed Oil has the effects of prolongation of survival days and inhibition of proliferation of tumor cells and leukocytes in sarcoma 180 bearing mice.

Dust Collection and Nutrient Absorption by Halophyte Communities in Saemanguem Reclaimed Land

Shin, Myoung-Ho,Hwang, Hyun-Seob,Lee, In-Bok,Seo, Young-Ho,Kim, Min-Kyun The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6

Halophyte community was established for dust prevention in Saemangeum reclaimed land from 2006 to 2008. In the present study, the functions of halophyte community were examined on-site in aspects of dust collection and nutrient absorption. In dust collection experiments, total suspended particulate (TSP) decreased through transplanted halophyte community and the reduction effect continued to 50 m leeward, which was 5.6 times of plant height. TSP reduction behind in-situ halophyte communities amounted to 25.6% on seven-monthly average. TSP collected within four halophyte communities varied among halophytic species in the field. Harvested in the reclaimed land, halophytic samples contained significant amount of nitrogen (0.84 to 1.71% of dry weight), $P_2O_5$ (0.05 to 0.21% of dry weight), and $Na^+$ (0.08 to 3.20% of dry weight). On the basis of halophyte community area in 2006, the amount of total nitrogen, $P_2O_5$ and $Na^+$ absorbed by Suaeda asparagoides was estimated up to 404,000, 47,000, and 498,000 kg, respectively. These results implied that halophyte communities are capable of both collecting significant dust particulates and absorbing of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium in the reclaimed land.

실험적 부자 시신경병증에서 Methylprednisolone의 효능

신재필,이상희,서형덕,김인택 경북대학교 병원 1998 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.1

동물실험에서 aconite 또는 aconitine은 신경계통에 독성을 나타낸다고 이미 알려져 있다. 그러한 독성은 시유발전위와 병리조직에서 탈수초증으로 나타난다. 저자들은 실험적으로 aconite을 주입하여 탈수초신경증을 일으킨 후 고용량이 methylprednisolone(MP)투여가 효능이 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. Aconite를 복강내 주입하고 곧 이어 가토의 이연정맥으로 MP를 주입한 군과 aconite만을 주입한 군으로 나누었고 이들을 서로 비교하였다. 그리고 이 두 군을 정상군과도 비교하였다. 시유발전위에서 aconite를 주입후 MP를 투여한 군에서 aconite만을 주입한 군에 비하여 onset latency와 peak latency 그리고 진폭 모두에서 2주째에 통계학적으로 의미있게 회복되었으나 (p<0.05) 정상군과 비교하여 의미있는 차이를 나타내지 아니하였다. 그러나 정상군과 비교하여 1개월과 2개월에서 onset latency은 의미있게 지연되었고 (p<0.05) peak latency와 진폭은 다소 회복되었으나 정상군의 평균값에는 미치지 못하였다. 병리조직에서 MP으로 치료한 군과 aconite만을 주입한 군 모두에서 수초의 탈수초변화가 관찰되었으나 MP으로 치료한 군은 상대적으로 탈수초변화가 현저하지 아니하였다. 본 연구에서 실험적으로 가토에 aconite를 전신에 투여하여 시신경병증을 일으킨 후 고용량의 MP를 즉시 투여한 경우에 시신경의 기능을 정상상태까지 회복시키는데는 한계가 있으나 부분적으로 시신경의 기능을 회복시키는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다(한안지 37:1730~1740, 1996). Studies in animals indicate that aconitine or aconite has toxic effects in the visual system of a rabbit model. Such a toxic effects causes myelo-optic neuropathy in the visually evoked cortical potential(VECP) and histopathologic studies. Whether the administration of intravenous high-does of methyprednisolone(MP) in the myelo-optic neuropathy caused by aconitine(1.5㎖/㎏, equivalent to 0.7㎎/㎏ of aconitine) is experimentally effective remains uncertain. The group treated with MP(daily 30㎎/㎏×2 for 3 days followed by 15㎎/㎏ for 3 days) in addition to aconite was compared with the aconite alone group and the normal control group. In the MP treated group, increased recovery of onset latency, peak latency, and amplitude in VECP in comparision with the aconite alone group was recorded at 2 weeks(p<0.05). The MP treated group in comparision with the normal control group showed a significant delay in onset latency at 1 month and 2 months(p<0.05). But, the amplitude in both the MP treated group and the aconite alone group increased at 2 months and did not show a significant difference in comparision with the normal group(p<0.05). In histopathologic study, pathologic findings of myelin sheath in the MP treated group were less severe than in the aconite alone group generally. The true benefit of high-does MP was at least clear within 2 weeks. The authors conclude that treatment with intravenous high-does MP immediate after aconite injection may have some beneficial effects in recovery of neurologic function although such a treatment do no have the definite recovery in aconite induced myelo-optic neuropathy(J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 37:1730~1740, 1996).

체성분이 폐경 전후 여성의 골밀도에 미치는 여향

배성욱,남철현,신두만,차경미,서인선 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2002 保健福祉硏究 Vol.7 No.-

Objectives : To evaluate the degree of bone mineral density and prevalence rate of osteoporosis according to age and to search the preventive strategy for osteoporosis, the factors that affect on bone density were studied in Physical Characteristics of pre- and postmenopausal women in korea. Methods : The subjects were 961 premenopausal and 1,167 postmenopausal women who have examined in health promotion center of Yeungnam University Hospital in Daegu city from January, 1999 to January, 2001. The test for bone mineral density, biochemical factors, and body composition were done. Results : 1) The prevalence rates of reduced bone mineral density and osteoporosis in premenopausal women were 23.8% and 1.6%, respectively. However, these values were increased to 46.1% and 28.1% in postmenopausal women. 2) The body weight and height were important predictive factors for bone mineral density. The effects of age, body weight, and height on bone mineral density were 39%. The body weight was correlated statistically significantly with bone mineral density in pre- and postmenopausal women. The higher body mass index (BMI), the greater value of bone mineral density was revealed in pre- and postmenopausal women. 3) The correlation between body composition adjusted for body weight and bone mineral density revealed similar pattern between pre- and postmenopausal women. The height, lean body mass, muscle mass, mineral content, and mineral fraction were positively correlated with bone mineral density, however, body fat mass, percent body fat, waist/hip ratio, and BMI were correlated negatively with bone mineral density. 4) There was no direct correlation between cardiovascular risk factor and bone mineral density in this study, however, further study is needed because cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis have common risk factor and the prevention of osteoporosis can help to prevent cardiovascular disease. 5) In multiple regression analysis among bone mineral density as a dependent variable and independent variables (age, body weight, height, Ca/creatinine ratio, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), ALP revealed statistically significant inverse correlation with bone mineral density. Conclusions : These results suggested that to prevent osteoporosis, the systemized program including physical condition for promoting anti-osteoporotic factor have to be developed and apply from the thirties whom have maximal bone mineral density.

지하공간하부 지하저류공동에서의 필라 보강효과에 관한 수치해석적 연구

서형준,이강현,한신인,이인모,Seo, Hyung-Joon,Lee, Kang-Hyun,Han, Shin-In,Lee, In-Mo 한국터널지하공간학회 2012 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.14 No.5

공간이 한정된 도심지에서 인구가 밀집되는 가운데 도심의 복합지하공간에 대한 개발은 날로 늘어나고 있다. 이러한 가운데 홍수피해의 90% 이상이 도심지 홍수피해라고 할 만큼 도심지의 수재해에 대한 대비가 필요한 실정이다. 이러한 요구에 따라 도심지 복합지하공간 하부에 지하저류공동 시설물을 시공하여 도심지 홍수피해 시 복합지하공간에 대한 안정성을 확보하고자 한다. 지하저류공동에서 저장된 빗물을 원활히 제어하기 위해서는 한 개의 공동보다 다수의 저류공동 시설로 설계하는 것이 유리하다. 다수의 저류공동으로 시공을 할 경우 공동과 공동 사이의 필라 구조물에 상부의 하중이 집중되기 때문에 필라 구조물에서 안정성 확보 방안이 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 필라부의 안정성을 확보하기 위한 필라부 보강공법을 개발하였다. 필라부 보강공법은 철근과 PC강연선으로 구성된 보강재를 필라부에 삽입한 후 가압 그라우팅을 하고, 프리스트레스를 가하는 공법이다. 따라서 기존의 프리케스트 콘트리트 구조물로 필라부를 보강하는 것과 달리 원지반을 직접 보강하는 공법으로 원지반의 강도를 최대한 활용할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 먼저, 가압 그라우팅을 하였을 경우 지반 보강효과뿐만 아니라 필라부에 가해지는 상부의 하중을 경감시킬 수 있는 효과가 있다. 또한 프리스트레스를 가하게 되면 필라부에 내압을 가하는 효과로 인하여 지반강도를 증가시키는 역할을 기대할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 보강효과를 통해서 필라부 주변지반의 거동이 어떻게 변화할 것인지를 판단하고자 한다. 먼저, 수치해석을 통해서 각 시공단계별 필라부 지반의 응력 변화 양상을 판단하였다. 이를 통해서 가압 그라우팅과 프리스트레스에 의한 효과를 검증할 수 있었다. Usage of underground space is increasing at metropolitan city. More than 90% of flood damages have occurred at downtown of metropolitan cities. In order to prevent and/or minimize the flood-induced damage, an underground rainwater detention cavern was proposed to be built underneath existing structures. As for underground caverns to be built for flood control, multi-caverns will be mostly adopted rather than one giant cavern because of stability problem. Because of the stress concentration occurring in the pillars between two adjacent caverns, the pillar-stability is the Achilles' heel in multi-caverns. So, a new pillar-reinforcing technology was proposed in this paper for securing the pillar-stability. In the new pillar-reinforcing technology, reinforced materials which are composed of a steel bar and PC strands are used by applying pressurized grouting, and then, by applying the pre-stress to the PC strands and anchor body. Therefore, this new technology has an advantage of utilizing most of the strength that the in-situ ground can exert, and not much relying on the pre-cast concrete structure. The main effect of the pressurized grouting is the increase of the ground strength and more importantly the decrease of stress concentration in the pillar; that of the pre-stress is the increase of the ground strength due to the increase of the internal pressure. In this paper, ground reinforcing effects were verified the stress change in pillar is obtained by numerical analysis at each construction stage. From these results, the effects of pressurized grouting and pre-stress are verified.

하지 절단자 보행의 운동역학적 분석

임규찬,박윤서,배성제,정철수,신인식,김복영 師範大學 體育硏究所 1994 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.15 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of the gait pattern in an amputee for the purpose of improving the proper gait posture and designing the prosthetic. The subjects were six males amputees and one normal person. The ground reaction force was measured using AMTI force platform. The conclusions were as follows; 1. In case of amputee group, the ground reaction force was revealed in specific figure according to position in which they used the prosthetic, whereas in case of normal person the ground reaction force was revealed in the figure of two humps in regard of vertical axis. 2. In case of amputee group, the ground reaction force in time between fight foot contact and left foot contact was deviated from a figure of rectangle, whereas in case of normal person the ground reaction force was revealed in the figure of rectangle. 3. In case of amputee group, the ground reaction force referred to both feet angle point of view was revealed in irregular figure, whereas in case of normal person the ground reaction force was revealed about 47。

탄저균(Colletotrichum acutatum)elicitor와 상추(Lactuca sativa) callus를 이용한 항진균 물질 생산

최윤서,이규명,최재헌,김연용,서정호,윤정인,채성규,강신광,김태훈,김준호,백동승,이인순,문혜연 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 2012 産業技術硏究 Vol.23 No.1

We described the effects on the antifungal agent by the co-culture elicitor of Colletotrichum acutatum and callus of Lactuca sativa. The callus culture were induced from seed germination of Lactuca sativa in MS medium with 0.05 ㎎/ℓ IAA and 0.3 ㎎/ℓ kinetin. The seed germination of Lactuca sativa observed after 3 days and the differentiation of callus tissue was induced after 8 days since starting of callus culture. The fungal elicitor made by Colletotrichum acutatum with PDB medium. In order to produce antifungal agent on the anthracnose, fungal elicitor and callus tissue were cultivated by co-culture for 7 days. The result, it produced a chitinase and a phytoalexin those are antifungal agent of protein and non-protein type. Each sample of daily like extracellular material especially had chitinase activity and increased enzyme activity with changing pH and concentration of protein as the culture progressed. The antifungal activities on final samples were examined by bioassay with Colletotrichum acutatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme and Sclerotia rolfsii. The result, inhibition rate on fungi to bring plant disease showed different data according to the kinds of sample and concentrations. In case of Fusarium moniliforme was inhibited the growth of mycelium in the sample of extracelluar material on the other hand Colletotrichum acutatum was inhibited growth in the sample of intracellular material. As a result, co-culture with fungal elicitor and callus tissue brings a defense system and a hypersensitive response in the plant cell and induces to synthesis antifungal agent as a chitinase and a phytoalexin.

SEM과 3차원 재구성법을 이용한 수복면의 위치와 와동 크기에 따른 미세누출도 분석

양인서,신동훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.2

This study was done to evaluate whether there were any differences in microleakage of class V composite restorations according to restoration site and cavity size. Total sixty-four restorations were made in molar teeth using Esthet-X. Small (2x2x1.5mm) and large (4x2x1.5mm) restorations were made at the buccal/lingual surface and the proximal surface each. After 1,000 times of thermocycling (5℃-55℃), resin replica was made and the percentage of marginal gap to the whole periphery of the restoration was estimated from SEM evaluation. Thermocycled tooth was dye penetrated with 50% silver nitrate solution. After imbedding in an auto-curing resin, it was serially ground with a thickness of 0.25 mm. Volumetric microleakage was estimated after reconstructing three dimensionally. Two-way ANOVA and independent T-test for dye volume, Mann-Whitney U test for the percentage of marginal gap, Spearman's rho test for the relationship between two techniques were used. The results were as follows : 1. The site and size of the restoration affected on the microleakage of restoration. Namely, much more leakage was seen in the proximal and the large restorations rather than the buccal/lingual and the small restorations. 2. Close relationship was found between two techniques (Correlation coefficient = 0.614/ P = 0.000). Within the limits of this study, it was noted that proximal and the large restorations leaked more than buccal/lingual and the small restorations. Therefore, it should be strictly recommended large exposure of margins should be avoided by reducing unnecessary tooth reduction. 본 연구에서는 수복면의 위치와 와동의 크기에 따른 미세누출도의 차이를 확인하기 위해 3차원 재구성법에 의한 색소침투량과 주사전자현미경 검경을 통한 변연틈새의 비율을 측정하였다. 32개의 건전한 대구치의 협/설면과 인접면에 각기 2x2x1.5mm 의 작은 와동과 4x2x1.5mm크기의 큰 5급 와동을 형성 한 다음, 자가부식형 접착시스템으로 치면 처리하고 혼합형 복합레진인 Esthet X로 단일 충전하였다. 5도와 55도 사이에서 1000회의 열순환을 시킨 다음, 레진 복제물을 제작하고 SEM 검경을 통해 전체 변연길이에 대한 변연틈새의 비율을 측정하였다. 또한 열순환된 치아에 질산은 용액으로 색소를 침투시킨 후 자가중합형 레진에 포매하여 0.25 mm두께의 간격으로 연속적으로 갈아내면서 각각의 단면상을 채득하였다. 각 단면상을 3차원으로 재구성하여 미세누출도를 정량적으로 평가하였다. 3차원 색소 침투량의 유의성 검정에는 Two-way ANOVA와 independent T-test를, 변연틈새의 비율에는 Mann-Whitney U test를 사용하였으며 , 두 방법 사이의 Spearman's rho test로 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 미세누출도는 수복면의 위치와 와동의 크기에 의해 영향을 받았다. 즉 협/설면과 작은 와동보다는 인접면과 큰 와동에서 더 많은 미세누출을 보였다. 2. 두 방법 사이에는 높은 상관 관계를 보였다 (상관계수 = 0.614/P= 0.000). 이상의 연구 결과로 볼 때, 협/설면과 작은 와동의 수복물보다는 인접면과 큰 와동의 수복물에서 더 많은 미세누출을 보였으므로, 불필요한 치질 삭제를 줄임으로써 변연부의 노출이 커지는 것을 막아야 할 것이다.