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Yun-Chieh Tsai,Yu-Chen Lin,Chun-Chih Huang,Oliver B. Villaflores,Tzong-Yuan Wu,Shih-Ming Huang,Ting-Yu Chin 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.5
Aging and lifestyle factors, including high-sugar and high-fat diets, promote a systemic metabolic imbalance that promotes neurodegeneration. Hericium erinaceus has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, its functional activities, such as antimetabolic dysfunction, antineuroinflammatory activities, and stimulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis, have been revealed. This study demonstrated that Hericium erinaceus mycelium (HEM) and an isolated diterpenoid derivative, erinacine A (EA), may reverse spatial learning disabilities in aging mice (15 months old) fed with a high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFSD). Aging mice were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) a chow diet (control), (2) an HFSD, and an HFSD supplemented with either (3) HEM or (4) EA for 18 weeks. The Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze were used for behavioral assessments. Both HEM- and EA-treated mice had shorter mean daily escape latencies than HFSD-treated mice in the MWM. In addition, HEM-treated mice had a slightly increased exploratory time and frequency in the novel arm in the Y-maze. Quantitative PCR revealed that both HEM- and EA-treated mice exhibited reduced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and HEM-treated mice exhibited increased mRNA expression of NGF and NeuN in the hippocampus. Moreover, HEM and EA also decreased body weight, abdominal fat, plasma glucose, serum and liver total cholesterol, and liver triacylglycerol. Thus, HEM may be a potential health-promoting supplement for minimizing the progression of aging and obesity-induced neurodegeneration by reducing metabolic abnormalities and neuroinflammatory cytokines and increasing neurogenesis factors.
Effects of Wedge Visual Support on User Wayfinding Behavior within a Virtual Environment
Chien-Hsiung Chen,Shih-Chieh Chen,Yu-Chang Huang 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5
The purpose of this study is to investigate 2D wedge visual support design used in a 3D virtual environment pertinent to user wayfinding behavior. The independent variables adopted for the experiment are interaction mode (i.e., touch sensitive vs. body movement), viewing perspective (the first-person vs. the third-person), and gender (male vs. female). A total of 56 participants (28 males and 28 females) were recruited to take part in the wayfinding task experiment by convenient sampling method. The results generated from the experiment revealed that: (1) The participant who conducted touch sensitive interaction mode performed better than those who used body movement interaction mode due to better interaction flow. (2) The participant who adopted the third-person perspective performed better than those who adopted the first-person perspective. (3) The gender effect indicated that males performed better than females under the perceptual information followed by abstract information (P-A) type of task. It is concluded that within a 3D virtual environment, users who adopt touch sensitive mode with the third-person perspective can perform better wayfinding behavior.
( Chien Hsiung Chen ),( Shih Chieh Chen ),( Yu Chang Huang ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-
The purpose of this study is to investigate 2D wedge visual support design used in a 3D virtual environment pertinent to user wayfinding behavior. The independent variables adopted for the experiment are interaction mode (i.e., touch sensitive vs. body movement), viewing perspective (the first-person vs. the third-person), and gender (male vs. female). A total of 56 participants (28 males and 28 females) were recruited to take part in the wayfinding task experiment by convenient sampling method. The results generated from the experiment revealed that: (1) The participant who conducted touch sensitive interaction mode performed better than those who used body movement interaction mode due to better interaction flow. (2) The participant who adopted the third-person perspective performed better than those who adopted the first-person perspective. (3) The gender effect indicated that males performed better than females under the perceptual information followed by abstract information (P-A) type of task. It is concluded that within a 3D virtual environment, users who adopt touch sensitive mode with the third-person perspective can perform better wayfinding behavior.
Sun, Ying,Chien, Shang-Chieh,Yip, Hin-Lap,Zhang, Yong,Chen, Kung-Shih,Zeigler, David F.,Chen, Fang-Chung,Lin, Baoping,Jen, Alex K.-Y. Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.35
<P>Two new semiconducting polymers based on indacenodithiophene and thiadiazolo[3,4-<I>c</I>]pyridine units were synthesized <I>via</I> Stille coupling polymerization. The polymers, PIDTPyT and PIDTDTPyT, exhibited main absorption bands in the range of 550–800 nm while their absorption maxima were located at around 700 nm in films. With two additional thiophene spacers, PIDTDTPyT showed a broader absorption band but a 20 nm blue-shifted maximum peak compared to that of PIDTPyT. Both of the polymers possess low bandgaps (∼1.6 eV) and deep energy levels for both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) device measurements indicate that PIDTPyT and PIDTDTPyT have high hole carrier mobilities of 0.066 and 0.045 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively, with the on/off ratio on the order of 10<SUP>6</SUP>. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices consisting of the copolymers and PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM gave power conversion efficiencies (PCE) as high as 3.91% with broadband photo-response in the range of 300–800 nm. The relationships between the photovoltaic performance and film morphology, energy levels, hole mobilities are discussed.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Low bandgap regiorandom polymers based on indacenodithiophene and thiadiazolo[3,4-<I>c</I>]pyridine units showed excellent OFET hole mobilities and promising photovoltaic device performance as high as 3.91%. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1jm11564b'> </P>
Sun, Ying,Chien, Shang-Chieh,Yip, Hin-Lap,Chen, Kung-Shih,Zhang, Yong,Davies, Joshua A.,Chen, Fang-Chung,Lin, Baoping,Jen, Alex K.-Y. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.12
<P>A detailed model study has shown that thin film morphology and bulk-heterojunction solar cell performance can be significantly improved by systematic tuning of the surface energy of the conjugated donor polymer through side-chain functionalization. Thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) moieties with different contents of cyanohexane side chains were incorporated into three low band-gap conjugated copolymers (<B>PIDTDPP1</B>, <B>PIDTDPP2</B> and <B>PIDTDPP3</B>) consisting of indacenodithiophene (IDT) donors and DPP acceptors. The resulting polymers possessed good solubility in common organic solvents and showed similar energy levels, bandgaps, and hole mobilities. However, the introduction of cyano groups onto the terminal of side-chains significantly changed their surface energy. Topographical images obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM) proved that a better matched surface energy between polymer and PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM had led to enhanced miscibility, which resulted in better BHJ film morphology. Consistent with the surface energy enhancement, the performance of BHJ photovoltaic devices increased from 0.97% for <B>PIDTDPP1</B>, to 2.16% for <B>PIDTDPP2</B> then to 3.67% for <B>PIDTDPP3</B>. These results clearly reveal that tuning surface energy is an effective way to improve the morphology of the BHJ active layer and efficiency of the photovoltaic device.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We have shown that significantly improved thin film morphology and bulk-heterojunction solar cell performance can be achieved by systematically tuning the surface energy of conjugated polymer donors through side-chain functionalization. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm15517f'> </P>
The Presence of Borrelia valaisiana-Related Genospecies in Ticks and a Rodent in Taiwan
Chun-Man Huang,Hsi-Chieh Wang,Ying-Chun Lin,Shih-Hui Chiu,Ying-Shun Kao,Pei-Lung Lee,Hsiu-I Wang,Ruei-Chen Hung,Huang-I Chan,Ho-Sheng Wu,Chuen-Sheue Chiang,Jung-Jung Mu 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.6
A field survey was conducted to investigate the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in six counties of Taiwan. Spirochetes were successfully isolated from one rodent ear sample out of 485 rodent ears and 53live, fed tick (Ixodes granulatus) samples. The spirochetes were confirmed to be B. burgdorferi s.l. by real-time PCR. In addition, 23 of 113 tick samples were tested positive for Borrelia DNA according to real-time PCR. The Borrelia isolate from the rodent and the 23 Borrelia DNA samples from the ticks were identified as B. valaisiana-related genospecies by phylogenetic analysis based on flagellin gene sequences. These findings suggest that the Borrelia valaisiana-related strains are maintained in a zoonotic cycle between tick vectors and reservoir hosts in Taiwan.
Tzu-Yi Lin,Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang,Shih-Chieh Shao,Edward Chia-Cheng Lai,Sunir J. Garg,Kuan-Jen Chen,Je-Ho Kang,Wei-Chi Wu,Chi-Chun Lai,Yih-Shiou Hwang 대한당뇨병학회 2023 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.47 No.3
Background: To compare risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) between patients taking sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and those taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) in routine care.Methods: This retrospective cohort study emulating a target trial included patient data from the multi-institutional Chang Gung Research Database in Taiwan. Totally, 33,021 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using SGLT2is and GLP1-RAs between 2016 and 2019 were identified. 3,249 patients were excluded due to missing demographics, age <40 years, prior use of any study drug, a diagnosis of retinal disorders, a history of receiving vitreoretinal procedure, no baseline glycosylated hemoglobin, or no follow-up data. Baseline characteristics were balanced using inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity scores. DR diagnoses and vitreoretinal interventions served as the primary outcomes. Occurrence of proliferative DR and DR receiving vitreoretinal interventions were regarded as vision-threatening DR.Results: There were 21,491 SGLT2i and 1,887 GLP1-RA users included for the analysis. Patients receiving SGLT2is and GLP-1 RAs exhibited comparable rate of any DR (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.03), whereas the rate of proliferative DR (SHR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.68) was significantly lower in the SGLT2i group. Also, SGLT2i users showed significantly reduced risk of composite surgical outcome (SHR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.70).Conclusion: Compared to those taking GLP1-RAs, patients receiving SGLT2is had a lower risk of proliferative DR and vitreoretinal interventions, although the rate of any DR was comparable between the SGLT2i and GLP1-RA groups. Thus, SGLT2is may be associated with a lower risk of vision-threatening DR but not DR development.