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박일영,이훈효,최승혜,이성,박승만,윤상섭,임근우 대한응급의학회 1997 대한응급의학회지 Vol.8 No.2
The frequency of stab wounds is gradually increasing and patients with stab wounds visit the hospital through the emergency room. Management options for patients with stab wound include mandatory exploration and selective observation, but recently many authors have emphasized the importance of selective conservation with development of diagnostic procedure and controversy still exists concerning the management of patients with stab wounds. We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 78 patients with stab wounds who visited the emergency room of St. Paul`s Hospital over 5 years from January 1 1992 to December 31 1996. The following results were obtained; 1) The most prevalent age group were the twenties & the thirties(58.9% of patient) and then most patients were of young age. The male to female ratio was 2.9:1. 2) Most injuries occured at night between 8 p.m. and 4 a.m.(61.5%)and during September injuries were most frequent. 3) The most common causes of stab wound were fighting(55.1%) followed by suicide(21.8%), then accidents including traffic accidents(16.7%) and robbery(6.4%). 4) The instruments most commonly used were knives(53.8%) and broken glass(28.2%). 5) Half of patients were drunk from alcohol and in 3 cases from an antipsychotic drug. 6) In 11 cases(14.1%), there were multiple wound sites and in 8 cases(10.3%) superficial wounds into subcutaneous fatty tissue. 7) According to stab wound sites, the extremities were wounded in 36 cases(46.2%), chest in 21 cases(26.9%), abdomen in 15 cases(19.2%) and neck in 7 cases(9.0%). 8) Emergency explorations were performed in 43 cases(55.1%)under general or regional anesthesia, which included neck in 4 cases(9.3%), chest in 3 cases(7.0%), abdomen in 11 cases(25.6%) and extremity in 25 cases(58.1%). In exploratory laparotomy, negative exploration rate was 18.2%. 9) Death occured in 2 cases(2.6%). One died due to sepsis with multiple colon perforation and the other due to hypovolemic shock with Superior Vena Cava injury.
Differential regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase expression by sonic hedgehog
Kwon, II Sun,Park, Rae Hee,Choi, Jung Mi,Kim, Seung U.,Lee, Young Don,Suh-Kim, Haeyoung Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2006 NEUROREPORT - Vol.17 No.7
Sonic hedgehog functions to induce floor plate in early stages, and spinal motor neurons and midbrain dopaminergic neurons in later stages of development. Here, we investigated the effects of sonic hedgehog on tyrosine hydroxylase expression in three cell lines that correspond to different stages of neural development. Sonic hedgehog increased the tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in pluripotent P19 cells but repressed it in tyrosine hydroxylase-producing PC12 cells. Promoter analysis in mouse neural stem cells indicated that the N-terminal of sonic hedgehog repressed both the basal and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A-mediated tyrosine hydroxylase activity. These results suggest that the N-terminal of sonic hedgehog increases tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in cells to acquire dopaminergic phenotypes, but decreases expression in late born neurons by antagonizing the protein kinase A cAMP-responsive element binding protein pathway.
Isolation and proteomic characterization of bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles.
Kim, Gun-Hwa,Choi, Chi W,Park, Edmond C,Lee, Sang-Yeop,Kim, Seung Ii BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS 2014 CURRENT PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE SCIENCE Vol.15 No.7
<P>The secretion of extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) is a common phenomenon that occurs in archaea, bacteria, and mammalian cells. EMVs contain biologically active proteins, which have diverse roles in biological processes. The outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative bacteria and membrane vesicles (MVs) of Gram-positive bacteria have been discovered in various species. The main issues related to bacterial EMVs are their virulence, biogenesis mechanisms, host cell interaction mechanisms, and their potential use as new vaccine candidates. Recently, proteomics has become an essential tool for the characterization of EMVs. Proteomics is useful for the identification, quantification, and protein-protein interaction analysis of EMV protein components. This review describes the current understanding of secretory EMVs based on proteomic methods and the characteristics of various bacterial secretory EMVs. Finally, evidence for their potential roles and future applications are discussed.</P>
에지영역을 보상한 영역분류 대역간 예측 벡터 양자화를 이용한 다분광 화상데이타의 압축
김영춘,최승태,정원식,이건일,김경규 경북대학교 전자기술연구소 1997 電子技術硏究誌 Vol.18 No.2
In this paper, we proposed a multispectral image data compression method using classified interband predictive VQ with edge region compensation. The proposed method classifies each pixel vector. For each class, we perform classified intraband VQ and classified interband predictive VQ. In edge region case, edge region compensates using class information and gray value of neighboring blocks of quantized reference band. Then we perform two methods which are classified interband predictive VQ with edge region compensation and without edge region compensation. And we choose what has smaller reconstruction error in results of two methods. As a result of the proposed method, we can achieve better compression efficiency than conventional method.