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Men With Severe Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Are at Increased Risk of Depression
정원식,최홍용,남지원,김신아,최보율,문홍상,김규식 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2015 International Neurourology Journal Vol.19 No.4
Purpose: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) comprise a set of common, bothersome symptoms in middle-aged and elderly men. Recent research suggests that depressive symptoms may influence the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We performed a community-based cross-sectional study to evaluate the correlation between LUTS and depression. Methods: The survey was conducted in a rural community during four periods in August 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. Two validated questionnaires were used to examine LUTS and depressive symptoms. These included the International Prostate Symptom Score/quality of life (IPSS/QoL) and the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D-K). Patients were categorized in the depressive symptom group if their CES-D-K score was >16 points. Results: A total of 711 men were included in this study. Thirty-five participants (4.92%) were found to have depressive symptoms. There was a positive correlation between depressive symptoms and LUTS severity (P<0.001). As compared to the mild LUTS group, the odds ratio (OR) of depression was 2.868 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.293–6.362; P for trend<0.001) in the moderate LUTS group, and 4.133 (95% CI, 1.510–11.313; P for trend<0.001) in the severe LUTS group. In a model considering multiple variables such as age, education level, smoking, and exercise, the OR in the moderate LUTS group was 2.534 (1.125–5.708, 95% CI, P for trend=0.005), while that in the severe LUTS group was 3.910 (95% CI, 5.708–11.154; P for trend=0.005). In addition, depression was related to voiding symptoms. Conclusions: Men with severe LUTS are at higher risk of depression than those with less severe urinary symptoms. The severity of voiding symptoms worsens depression. More aggressive urological diagnosis and treatment is needed in patients with severe LUTS, due to the impact on depressive symptoms and QoL.
鄭元植 한국교육학회 1967 敎育學硏究 Vol.5 No.1
이 레뷰는 兒童의 腦障碍(Brain damage) 診斷 및 治療節次에 關한 1950年 以後의 硏究結果를 要約하기 위한 것이다. 여기에서 使用하는 腦障碍라는 用語는 Strauss와 Kephart(1955)의 定義에 따른 것이며 사람에 따라서는 Brain-injury 또는 Organic impairment 등의 用語를 使用하고 있다.
정원식 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2008 社會科學硏究 Vol.24 No.3
This study examines the political logic of centralized Korean state which led to the strong centralization of Korean urban/industrial growth in Seoul Metropolitan Area. The study argues that the over-concentration patterns have been shaped by the authoritarian Korean state’s developmentalist ideology and the civilian government’s neo-liberal policies, where pro-growth politics seem to be the main driving forces. The shape of Seoul as a primate city arose from the planned economy, such as the 5-year Economic Plans in Park's authoritarian government. Since the mid 1990s, the newly democratic governments have tried to make the growth-with-equity policy a priority. However, the government's new liberal market policies made the Capital Region more intensive in capital accumulation. It is argued that the urban policies of civilian government share many of the characteristics of early developmental strategies for urban and national economy, although the means and ends differ greatly. The Korean government thought that 'development can make further development.'