국내에서 파상풍의 연령별 면역혈청학적 역학연구

강진한,허재균,김종현,이경일,박수은,마상혁,이명숙,반상자,홍성화,조대현,이성호 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.2

Background : The incidence of tetanus in adults and neonatal tetanus have been markedly reduced by world-wide use of DTP vaccines. But, tetanus is still one kind of major health problems in many developing countries, and several serosurvey stduies in developed ountries revealed that substantial proportions of adult opulation may lack immunity against tetanus and imunity level against tetanus is continuously decreasing by age. In Korea, tetanus outbreaks have been disappeared since the 1980s by high acceptant DTaP vaccination rates. Annually, few tetanus patient has been reported since 1990s. But, there knave been no seroepide-miological studies to tetanus, no trials to assess tetanuts immunizations. And we do not use Td vaccine in adults for maintaning tetanus immunity. In this aspect, we conducted age related survey of immunity to tetanus and indirectly assessed the immunogenecity of tetanus vaccines, used in Korea. Methods : For the evaluation of age related sero-survey of tetanus immunity in Korean population, study subjects were classified into 16 groups (A∼J group; below 10 years with one year interval, K∼O group; 11~60 yrs with 10 years interval, p group; over 60 yrs). The numbers of each group were 100, and sex distributions of each group were almostly equal. And far the indirect assessment of tetanus immunization in Korean children, children under 15 years old age were classified into 6 groups (I∼VI) according to the status of DTaP vaccination. The numbers of this each group were 50, and sex ratio was almostly equal. Specific IgG antibody to tetanus toxin were detected by ELISA. And the ANOVA repeated t-test was used to compare antibody levels in study groups. Results : In age related groups, the antibody levels to tetanus toxin were well maintained until 20 years old age group (L group), but thereafter the titers abruptly decreased below 0.1 IU/mL and over 75% populations among the groups over 30 years old age needed maintenance of protective immunity to tetanus. The antibody level of male was statistically higher than that of female in P group. In the groups related DTaP vaccination status, the antibody titer was very low in pre-vaccination group (I), but the titers after primary vaccinations were sharply increased and highly maintained until 15 years. Conclusion : The results of our study revealed that the immunity to tetanus was dramatically decreased in age groups over 30 years old. This result indicates that Td vaccination program in adults should be considered for maintenance of immunity to tetanus. And our study indicate that DtaP vaccination programs and vaccines, used in Korea, are effective for acquisition and maintenance of tetanus immunity in Korean children. (Korean J Infect 33:104~111, 2001)

구강점막 부착용 케토프로펜 고분자 필름의 제조 및 평가

박진석,이상은,강봉석,이경록,이은주,박정숙 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2014 藥學論文集 Vol.29 No.-

Abstract – The objective of this study was to prepare ketoprofen-loaded buccal adhesive patch. The adhesive patch was formulated by casting method using aqueous soluble polymer povidone K17 (PVP 17PF) as film-forming agent and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as adhesive agent. To compare the effect of HPMC type, different molecular weight of K4M and K15M HPMC was used. The physicochemical properties of patches such as appearance, thickness, in vitro release, and adhesiveness were investigated. The concentration of ketoprofen was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 233 nm. The appearance of prepared patches was semi-transparent, light-yellow or almost colorless, and odorless. Thickness of each patches (n=6) was 0.895 ± 0.033 mm for K4M patch and 0.727 ± 0.036 mm for K15M patch. In vitro release test, both K4M and K15M patches showed over 20% release within 30 min. At 120 min, K4M and K15M patches demonstrated 95% and 67.5% release of ketoprofen, respectively, and up to 240 min, both patches released drug completely. Maximum adhesive force of K4M and K15M patches was 6.571 ± 2.703 gf and 2.735 ± 1.151 gf, respectively. Moreover, it took 28.29 ± 0.38 sec and 28.30 ± 0.34 sec for K4M and K15M patch to peel off them after adhesion, showing no significant difference. In conclusion, thickness, in vitro release, and maximum adhesive force could be modulated by alteration of polymer types.

환자의 마취전후 병력 또는 불편요서의 현황(2)

강태훈,양홍석,김진윤,최병권,조형상 중앙대부설한국의과학연구소 1990 한국의과학 Vol.22 No.4

1997~2001년 제주도 고산지역 PM2.5 미세분진의 오염 특성

강창희,김원형,한진석,선우영,문길주 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.3

PM_(2.5) fine particles have been collected at the Gosan measurement station in Jeju Island, and the major water-soluble components have been analyzed in order to investigate the aerosol compositions and pollution characteristics. The mean concentrations of the components were in the order of SO₄²^(-) > NH₄^(-) > NO₃^(-) >Na¹ > K > Cl^(-) > Ca²^(+) > Mg²^(+). The major components were SO₄²^(-), NH₄^(-) and NO₃^(-), whose compositions were 58%, 18% and 10% of the total ions, respectively. Most of the components showed higher concentrations in spring season, and especially Ca²^(+), NO₃^(-) and SO₄²^(-) concentrations were increased 2.8, 1.9 and 1.2 times higher than the annual mean concentrations. The most parts of SO₄²^(-) and NH₄^(-) were distributed in the particles below 2.1μm size, but the Ca²^(+), Na^(+) and Cl^(-) showed relatively higher concentrations in coarse particles. Based on the factor analysis, the PM_(2.5) line particles were considered to be largely influenced by anthropogenic sources, and followed by sea salt and soil sources. In the variations of concentrations as a function of wind direction. Most components have shown higher concentrations natably as the northwesterly prevails.

랜덤하중스펙트럼하에서 AL 2024-T3 합금판재의 균열진전에 관한 연구

강기경,황영진,이석순 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Damage Tolerance Design Concept lessens defects and damages when a aircraft is manufactured and operated. And it make back up plane before the critical crack size using quantitative analysis of the residual defect size, fatigue crack propagation. So residual strength of a structure in damage tolerance range should be proved using analysis and test for endurance of design maximum load. A aircraft are exposed to the various load conditions such as thrust, gravity, lift and so on at the same time. The complicated load condition is the random load rather than the constant amplitude load. In this study, the experimental resu1ts and the theoretical values of residual strength and crack growth rate using the fatigue test for aluminum alloy plates usually being used for the aircraft skin under random load have been compared and considered.

중국인 ‘꽌시(關係)’의 구성요소와 困境사례 연구

강진석 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 중국연구소 2006 中國硏究 Vol.37 No.-

About the research of relationship is beginning from Modern China. Liang su-ming has inquired from the ethics of view. Lu xun has conferred the general relationship from face. Fei xiao-tong has probed into the characteristic of poor sequence patter of local society. According to the research of Chinese modern relationship, Huang guo-guang made off the relationship to expressive ties, instrumental ties, mixed ties. Yang zhong-fang discriminated the relationship to both components, materials components and affection components. Zao xue-wei divided the relationship into personality, human theory, humanness, and face. The personality represents the function of blood relationship, the human theory represents the function of grade and morality. The humanness represents the exchange behavioural psychological balance. The face represents the function of psychological adjustment. The examples of Chinese interpersonal difficulties was manifested mainly in the mixed ties.

식도 이물로 진단되었던 기도 이물

강성호,진정언,홍석찬 건국대학교 1997 學術誌 Vol.41 No.2

Inhalation of a foreign body into the respiratory passage is a frequent in children and sometimes fatal accident. It can produce different symptoms and signs, which may be confused with esophageal foreign body. On occasion, it can be not only followed by some pulmonary complications, but also it is often delayed to be removed Recently, we experienced a bronchial foreign body, which was misdiagnosed a esophageal foreign body. It was successfully removed via ventilating bronchoscope, after esophagoscopy and reevaluation of a foreign body in operating room. We report this case with review of the literacture.

한국형 후각검사 KVSS Test의 개발

홍석찬,유영석,김은서,김석천,박수홍,김진국,강성호 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.7

a-SiN:H/a-Si:H구조의 a-Si:H MODFET의 제조

강석진,최시영 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1992 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.3 No.1

共同住宅團地 外部空間의 活性化와 團地內 犯罪被害經驗率의 關係에 대한 硏究

강석진,이경훈 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate about the effect of outdoor space activation on the experienced crime victimization rate through comparison between the activated and non-activated outdoor space in Multi-Family Housings. In order to fulfill this objectives, this study was processed as follows : first, the analyses the results of questionnaire survey through the simple comparative statistical analyses among the variables such as the socio-demographic factors, the psycho-behavioral factors, the utilization rate and satisfaction of outdoor space and experienced crime victimization rate last 5-years in the present dwellings. ; second, analyses of the correlations among all of the variables included the physical site planning factors. ; third, comparing analyses the difference of the variables between the Multi-Family Housings along to the utilization rate in outdoor space. The result revealed that the activation of outdoor space through the physical site planning factors such as the number of households, building coverage, available green space rate and psycho-behavioral factors such as neighborhood relations, the cognitive life environmental fields, and positive territorial attitude would effect on the decrease of experienced crime victimization rate in the Multi-Family Housing.