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Conflict or Cooperation? India and Pakistan in Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
Zahid Shahab Ahmed,Sarfraz Ahmed,Stuti Bhatnagar 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2019 Pacific Focus Vol.34 No.1
South Asia is one of the least integrated regions in the world, with persistent India–Pakistan rivalry acting as a major stumbling block to regional cooperation through the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). Nonetheless, both India and Pakistan continue to experiment with multilateral arrangements and both became members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in 2017. While it is too early to predict the impact of the India–Pakistan rivalry on the SCO, dominant scholarship highlights the likelihood of a negative influence. This paper would like to present an alternative possibility – of the SCO providing opportunities for collaboration in the areas of security and counterterrorism, which in turn may positively influence Indo–Pak relations. Further, the likelihood of the Indo–Pak conflict negatively impacting the SCO is low primarily because, unlike SAARC, the SCO is led by China and Russia, who are actively invested in keeping the SCO influential to serve their key interest in challenging the dominant Western world order.
Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Constituents from Indigofera oblongifolia
Sharif, Ahsan,Ahmed, Ejaz,Malik, Abdul,Riaz, Naheed,Afza, Nighat,Nawaz, Sarfraz Ahmad,Arshad, Muhammad,Shah, Muhammad Raza,Chaudhary, Muhammad Iqbal The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.7
Indigin, alkylated xanthene (1) and indigoferic acid (2) have been isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of Indigofera oblongifolia, along with $\beta$-sitosterol (3) and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), which are reported for the first time from this species. Their structures were determined through spectroscopic techniques. Both the new compounds 1 and 2 showed significant activity against enzyme lipoxygenase, while 2 further showed moderate inhibition against BChE.
Irfan Zafar,Tashfeen Yousaf,Sarfraz Ahmed 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.20 No.5
The risks and uncertainties inherent to the construction industry are more than any other industry and this industry exhibits poor management of these risks. Hence, many projects fail to meet time schedules and budget targets. Transport sector is an important part of the construction industry and is vital to its growth. However this sector has been severely affected by delayed completion of the projects with exceeded cost. These issues are more pronounced in terrorism affected areas around the world, predominantly in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iraq. Evaluation of Risk Factors Causing Cost Overrun in Road Projects in Terrorism Affected Areas: Pakistan - a Case Study. Pakistan being top ranked terrorism affected country among 85 terrorist affected countries around the world in 2012, has been taken as case study. In Pakistan, Federally Administrated Tribal Area (FATA) being the recipient of max casualties in 2012 is the focus of the study. After 9/11, FATA received maximum share of development projects especially road infrastructure however, these projects could not fulfill their desired purpose due to lack of evaluation of risks associated with the dynamics and culture of that area resulting in severe cost overrun of these projects. This study presents the mechanism to identify the key risk factors contributing to the failure of achieving budget targets of road projects in FATA and suggests measures to overcome them. The study is undertaken via a questionnaire based survey comprising of 18 cost overrun risk factors which were ranked using their mean weightage. Analysis of the results show that non-availability of suitable contractors, project location within FATA, idling cost of plant and equipment due to security threats, differing site conditions in a project and inaccurate survey and site investigation due to security threat were major factors responsible for cost overrun. Moreover, responsibility among the stakeholders for these risks was also established. The results of the study warrant adoption of proactive measures for effective management of these risks by owner, consultants and contractors to avoid budget escalation in road construction projects in terrorism affected area around the world.
Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Constituents from Indigofera oblongifolia
Ahsan Sharif,Ejaz Ahmed,Abdul Malik,Naheed Riaz,Nighat Afza,Sarfraz Ahmad Nawaz,Muhammad Arshad,Muhammad Raza Shah,Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.7
Indigin, alkylated xanthene (1) and indigoferic acid (2) have been isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of Indigofera oblongifolia, along with β-sitosterol (3) and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), which are reported for the first time from this species. Their structures were determined through spectroscopic techniques. Both the new compounds 1 and 2 showed significant activity against enzyme lipoxygenase, while 2 further showed moderate inhibition against BChE.
New Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Triterpenes from Salvia santolinifolia
Sajid Mehmood,Naheed Riaz,Sarfraz Ahmed Nawaz,Nighat Afza,Abdul Malik,Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.3
Slavins A (1) and B (2), the new amyrin type triterpenes, have been isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of Salvia santolinifolia and assigned structures on the basis of spectral studies including 2D NMR. Both the compounds displayed inhibitory potential against the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase.
New Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Triterpenes from Salvia santolinifolia
Mehmood Sajid,Riaz Naheed,Nawaz Sarfraz Ahmed,Afza Nighat,Malik Abdul,Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.3
Slavins A (1) and B (2), the new amyrin type triterpenes, have been isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of Salvia santolinifolia and assigned structures on the basis of spectral studies including 2D NMR. Both the compounds displayed inhibitory potential against the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase.
Critical Factors of Reacquainting Consumer Trust in E-Commerce
FAN, Mingyue,AMMAH, Victoria,DAKHAN, Sarfraz Ahmed,LIU, Ran,MINGLE, Moses NiiAkwei,PU, Zhengjia Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3
Knowing how to build and maintain consumer trust is crucial for e-commerce. Despite the number of empirical studies that have explored the factors that influence consumer trust, none of them considers the relative importance of different antecedents and how they interact to influence consumer trust. Therefore, based on the integrated Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approaches, we establish a hierarchical structural model, which not only demonstrates the intensity of the relationships but also identifies the interdependence among the drivers of consumer trust in E-commerce. The findings confirm that propensity to trust is the most important determinant of consumer trust. The brand-related factors and platform-related factors are prominent in the process of building trust as they influence consumer trust indirectly through propensity to trust. Geographic location, demographic variables, and high security are identified as the root causes that affect consumer trust through other trust antecedents. Furthermore, the findings of this study offer valuable insights into an important element of e-commerce and provide a useful platform for future research. More represented samples and factors are encouraged for further research to ensure research fairness and minimize consumer distrust and uncertainty.
Jan Muhammad SOHU,Ikramuddin JUNEJO,Faiz Muhammad KHUWAJA,Naveed Akhtar QURESHI,Sarfraz Ahmed DAKHAN 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.3
This study aimed to find the mediating impact of entrepreneurial education during COVID-19 on entrepreneurial intention among university students from major cities of Pakistan. Majority of businesses shifted to online from offline mode as a result of COVID-19 pandemic. This created a great opportunity for university students to become entrepreneurs without much investment during COVID-19. Primary data for this study was collected with the help of an adopted questionnaire from previous studies. An online survey was considered appropriate due to the COVID-19 situation in the country. The number of data samples collected from the major cities of Pakistan was 460. The research hypothesis was tested with the help of SmartPLS by using least square structural equation modeling. Findings revealed there is full mediation of entrepreneurial education during COVID-19 between the self-efficacy, subjective norms, and attitude towards entrepreneurship for entrepreneurial intention during COVID-19 among university students. Therefore, the research confirmed the application of the theory of planned behavior among university students in Pakistan with regards to factors such as self-efficacy, subjective norms, attitude towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. The present study also concludes that all students regardless of their area of study such as Business and Engineering look forward to become entrepreneurs during COVID-19. The students opting for entrepreneurship had either formal or informal entrepreneurial education during COVID-19.