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Effect of surfactant on the preparation and characterization of gemcitabine-loaded particles
Cheong‑Weon Cho,Ji‑Ho Lim,Young‑Guk Na,이홍기,Sung‑Jin Kim,Hye‑Jin Lee,Ki‑Hyun Bang,Miao Wang,Yong‑Chul Pyo,Hyun‑Wook Huh 한국약제학회 2019 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.49 No.2
Gemcitabine is used in the treatment of several solid tumors as one of anticancer nucleoside analogues and is necessary to administer high doses to achieve the desired therapeutic response. However, this treatment may be related to severe side effects. For improvement of the encapsulation efficiency of gemcitabine for gemcitabine-loaded nanoparticle composed of biodegradable polymer and reducing the side effects due to the high concentration of gemcitabine, we formulated gemcitabine- loaded PLGA particles using chitosan and different type of surfactant. The gemcitabine-loaded particles were prepared using a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The effects of surfactants to modify the size of gemcitabine-loaded particles were different. The mean diameters of gemcitabine-loaded particles ranged from 400.8 nm to 1712.7 nm. The surface charge of gemcitabine particles was − 5.62 mV to 1.46 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of gemcitabine-loaded particles was found to be 29.56–34.38%. Interestingly, the addition of surfactant could be improved an encapsulation efficiency of gemcitabine.
Capitalization of Research and Development
Cheong Kyu Park(박청규),Sung Gon Chung(정성곤),Jin Wook Kim(김진욱) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-
This study investigates the effect of R&D capitalization on earnings variability. Investment in R&D plays a significant role in the world of business by leading to innovation, development, and the growth of business enterprises. However, the current accounting standards require corporations to expense the R&D costs as incurred. Accordingly, there has been a debate over the accounting treatment for such investment for decades. We calculate earnings (adjusted for R&D capitalization), as if the company’s R&D expenditures were capitalized during the period and compare it with reported earnings in financial statements. We find that earnings reported in the financial statements are variable when R&D spending changes significantly. It implies that the capitalization of R&D is more reliable.
Association of <i>RANBP1</i> haplotype with smooth pursuit eye movement abnormality
Cheong, Hyun Sub,Park, Byung Lae,Kim, Eun Mi,Park, Chul Soo,Sohn, Jin‐,Wook,Kim, Bong‐,Jo,Kim, Jae Won,Kim, Ki‐,Hoon,Shin, Tae‐,Min,Choi, Ihn‐,Geun,Han, Sang‐,Woo,H Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuro Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disorder and smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) disturbance is proposed as one of the most consistent neurophysiological endophenotype in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic association of <I>RANBP1</I> polymorphisms with the risk of schizophrenia and with the risk of SPEM abnormality in schizophrenia patients in a Korean population. Two SNPs of <I>RANBP1</I> were genotyped by TaqMan assay. Their genetic effect of single/haplotype polymorphisms on the risk of schizophrenia and SPEM abnormality from 354 patients and 396 controls were performed using <I>χ</I><SUP>2</SUP> and multiple regression analyses. Although no <I>RANBP1</I> polymorphisms were associated with the risk of schizophrenia, a common haplotype, <I>RANBP1‐ht2</I> (<I>rs2238798G–rs175162T</I>), showed significant association with the risk of SPEM abnormality among schizophrenia patients after multiple correction (<I>P</I><SUP>corr</SUP> = 0.002–0.0003). The results of present study provide the evidence that <I>RANBP1</I> on 22q11.21 locus might be causally related to the SPEM abnormality rather than the development of schizophrenia. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</P>
Sung Hee Roh,Young Nam Chun,Sook Young Lee,Hyeon Sook Cheong,Jae Wook Lee,Sun Il Kim 대한환경공학회 2008 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.13 No.3
This study examined effects of the fermented leachate of food waste (FLFW) on nitrogen and phosphorous removal for domestic wastewater containing a low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). When the FLFW was not supplied in the process, release of phosphorus and excessive intake was not observed at both anaerobic and aerobic stages. On the other hand, when the FLFW was gradually added, active release of phosphorus and intake of phosphorus was noticed at an anaerobic stage and aerobic stage, respectively, resulting in improved phosphorus removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was increased from 75% and 37% (R-1, control test) to 97% and 80% (R-4, the highest substrate ratio test), respectively. In addition, although activity of the nitrogen oxidizing microorganisms was reduced when the reaction temperature was decreased to 10°C, the phosphorus removal efficiency was shown to increase with the addition of FLFW, indicating an independence from temperature. Overall, this study suggests that an efficient nutrients removal process can be successfully employed into a SBR when the FLFW is added to a wastewater which has a low C/N ratio.
Cheong‑Weon Cho,Gi‑Ho Son,Hye‑Jin Lee,Young‑Guk Na,Hong‑Ki Lee,Sung‑Jin Kim,Hyun‑Wook Huh,Kyung‑Tae Kim,Jong‑Seong Kang,Young‑Ho Kim,Chang‑Seon Myung,Min‑Ho Yoon,Seok Jin Kim,Hyun So Cho,Jae‑Young Lee 한국약제학회 2019 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.49 No.6
It has reported that Morus alba has properties to treat fever, protect liver damage, improve eyesight, strengthen the joint, facilitate discharge of urine, and prevent high blood pressure. Extracts from herbal plants, have hygroscopic and low flowability characteristics. Due to these properties, it is difficult to develop the formulation using herbal extracts in pharmaceutics. In this study, Morus alba leaf extract (MLE) was fermented by Viscozyme ® (MLE-V) and Pectinex ® (MLE-P) as well as non-fermented MLE (MLE-C). Physicochemical properties of MLEs were evaluated for optimization of formulation. As a result, cell viability was higher MLE-V than MLE-P, although there was no difference in flowability depending on the enzyme type. Based on the pre-formulation study, MLE-V was selected. Wet granulation method was used to overcome the poor flowability of MLE and MLE tablet was developed by statistical-based experimental design method. A Box-Behnken design, one of the models of experimental design, was constructed using lactose content in lactose plus microcrystalline cellulose (X1), disintegration agent (X2), and binding agent (X3). The dependent variables were hardness (Y1), friability (Y2), and disintegration time (Y3). Finally, MLE tablet with hardness (11.83 ± 0.36 Kp), friability (0.26 ± 0.01%) and disintegration time (1395.56 ± 49.84 s) were optimized. This is the first work to report the formulation design using herbal extracts fermented with enzyme through quality by design.