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Wastewater Utilization: A Place for Managed Wetlands - Review -
Humenik, F.J.,Szogi, A.A.,Hunt, P.G.,Broome, S.,Rice, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.4
Constructed wetlands are being used for the removal of nutrients from livestock wastewater. However, natural vegetation typically used in constructed wetlands does not have marketable value. As an alternative, agronomic plants grown under flooded or saturated soil conditions that promote denitrification can be used. Studies on constructed wetlands for swine wastewater were conducted in wetland cells that contained either natural wetland plants or a combination of soybeans and rice for two years with the objective of maximum nitrogen reduction to minimize the amount of land required for terminal treatment. Three systems, of two 3.6 by 33.5 m wetland cells connected in series were used; two systems each contained a different combination of emergent wetland vegetation: rush/bulrush (system 1) and bur-reed/cattail (system 2). The third system contained soybean (Glycine max) in saturated-soil-culture (SSC) in the first cell, and flooded rice (Oryza sativa) in the second cell. Nitrogen (N) loading rates of 3 and $10kg\;ha^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ were used in the first and second years, respectively. These loading rates were obtained by mixing swine lagoon liquid with fresh water before it was applied to the wetland. The nutrient removal efficiency was similar in the rush/bulrush, bur-reed/cattails and agronomic plant systems. Mean mass removal of N was 94 % at the loading rate of $3kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ and decreased to 71% at the higher rate of $10kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;day^{-1}$. The two years means for above-ground dry matter production for rush/bulrushes and bur-reed/cattails was l2 and $33Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Flooded rice yield was $4.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and soybean grown in saturation culture yielded $2.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Additionally, the performance of seven soybean cultivars using SSC in constructed wetlands with swine wastewater as the water source was evaluated for two years, The cultivar Young had the highest yield with 4.0 and $2.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in each year, This indicated that production of acceptable soybean yields in constructed wetlands seems feasible with SSC using swine lagoon liquid. Two microcosms studies were established to further investigate the management of constructed wetlands. In the first microcosm experiment, the effects of swine lagoon liquid on the growth of wetland plants at half (about 175 mg/l ammonia) and full strength (about 350 mg/l ammonia) was investigated. It was concluded that wetland plants can grow well in at least half strength lagoon liquid. In the second microcosm experiment, sequencing nitrification-wetland treatments was studied. When nitrified lagoon liquid was added in batch applications ($48kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;day^{-1}$) to wetland microcosms the nitrogen removal rate was four to five times higher than when non-nitrified lagoon liquid was added. Wetland microcosms with plants were more effective than those with bare soil. These results suggest that vegetated wetlands with nitrification pretreatment are viable treatment systems for removal of large quantities of nitrogen from swine lagoon liquid.
FLOWERING LOCUS T duplication coordinates reproductive and vegetative growth in perennial poplar
Hsu, C.-Y.,Adams, J.P.,Kim, H.,No, K.,Ma, C.,Strauss, S.H.,Drnevich, J.,Vandervelde, L.,Ellis, J.D.,Rice, B.M. National Academy of Sciences 2011 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.108 No.26
Dynamics and gain in highly-excited InGaN MQWs
R.A.Taylor,K.Kyhm,J.D.Smith,J.H.Rice,J.F.Ryan,T.Someya,Y.Arakawa 한국물리학회 2002 Current Applied Physics Vol.2 No.4
The Kerr gate technique is used to time-resolve the gain in an In0:02Ga0:98N/In0:16Ga0:84N multiple quantum well sample. A newwayofanalyzingthe datain suchavariable stripelength methodgainexperiment isusedto analyzeboththetime-integrated andtime-is caused by the change of the chemical potential along the excited stripe due to the interaction of the carrier and photon densities, andthegain thresholddensityisestimated. Atrialfunctionassuming aLorentzian lineshapeforthe stripelengthdependence ofthe gainiscompared with the edge emission intensity. This is found to t very well with our data, even beyond the saturation region. Fur-thermore, we have extended the investigation to examine the dynamics of the emission and gain. These measurements suggest that thephotoexcited carriers must localize (possibly at indium-rich sites) before strong stimulated emission is seen.. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Implementation of contextualized, emergency management cognitive aids in a periodontics clinic
Mikaela J. Siemens,Andi N. Rice,Trenton F. Jensen,Virginia C. Simmons (Muckler) 대한치과마취과학회 2021 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.21 No.3
Background: Emergencies in outpatient clinics are rare. However, potentially catastrophic events can be challenging to manage due to a variety of factors, including limited equipment and staff. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to improve the staff knowledge and familiarity with critical performance elements for emergencies encountered in the setting of a periodontics clinic. Methods: Emergency cognitive aids tailored to the clinic’s resources were created for anaphylaxis, airway obstruction, and sublingual hemorrhage. The project pre-post-test repeated measures design evaluated the effectiveness of cognitive aids using a combination of hands-on simulation, written knowledge assessments, and self-efficacy surveys. Training sessions and simulations were provided to the clinic’s existing care teams made up of a periodontist and two dental assistants with an anesthetist who was present for simulations involving sedation. Due to the small sample size (N = 14) and non-normal distribution, all metrics were evaluated using non-parametric statistics. Results: Significant improvements were found in knowledge assessment (–2.310, P = 0.021) and self-efficacy (–2.486, P = 0.013) scores when retention after a training session before and after the introduction of cognitive aid was compared. The mean simulation scores and times improved steadily or reached maximum scores during the project progression. Conclusion: Training sessions before and after cognitive aid introduction were effective in improving knowledge, self-efficacy, and simulation performance. Future projects should focus on validating the process for creating contextualized cognitive aids and evaluating the effectiveness of these cognitive aids in larger samples.
Shin, Aesun,Shrubsole, Martha J,Rice, Jeffrey M,Cai, Qiuyin,Doll, Mark A,Long, Jirong,Smalley, Walter E,Shyr, Yu,Sinha, Rashmi,Ness, Reid M,Hein, David W,Zheng, Wei American Association for Cancer Research 2008 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol.17 No.2
<P>Most colorectal cancers arise from adenomatous polyps or certain hyperplastic polyps. Only a few studies have investigated potential genetic modifiers of the associations between meat intake and polyp risk, and results are inconsistent. Using data from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study, a large colonoscopy-based study, including 1,002 polyp cases (557 adenoma only, 250 hyperplastic polyp only, 195 both polyps) and 1,493 polyp-free patients, we evaluated the association of colorectal polyp risk with carcinogen exposure from meat and genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in heterocyclic amine (HCA) metabolism, including N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Data on intake levels of meats by preparation methods, doneness preferences, and other lifestyle factors were obtained. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms in the AhR, CYP1A2, NAT1, and NAT2 genes were evaluated. No clear association was found for any polymorphisms with polyp risk. However, apparent interactions were found for intake of meat and HCAs with AhR, NAT1, and NAT2 genotypes, and the interactions were statistically significant for the group with both adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps. Dose-response relationships with meat or HCA intake were found only among those with the AhR GA/AA (rs2066853) genotype, NAT1 rapid, or NAT2 rapid/intermediate acetylators but not among those with other genotypes of these genes. This dose-response relationship was more evident among those with both AhR GA/AA and the NAT1 rapid acetylator than those without this genotype combination. These results provide strong evidence for a modifying effect of metabolizing genes on the association of meat intake and HCA exposure with colorectal polyp risk.</P>