Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis with Cryotin F on Antioxidative Activities for Shrimp Hydrolysate Using Response Surface Methodology

Yang-Bong Lee,Sivakumar Raghavan,Min-Hee Nam,Mi-Ae Choi,Navam S. Hettiarachchy,Hordur G. Kristinsson,Maurice R. Marshall 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.14 No.4

Cryotin F could be used for hydrolyzing shrimp byproducts into bioactive ingredients, which could be used as value-added products. The objective of this study was to investigate the optimum condition for antioxidative activities of the enzymatic hydrolysate produced with Cryotin F using response surface methodology with central composite rotatable design. Shrimp byproducts (shells and heads) were hydrolyzed with Cryotin F. The experimental ranges of the independent variables for 20 experimental runs were 28.2~61.8℃ reaction temperature, pH 6~10 and 0.5~5.5% enzyme concentration. The degree of hydrolysis for the reaction products was measured. Their antioxidative activities were measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Fe-chelating activity. The experimental method with central composite rotatable design was well designed to investigate the optimum condition for biofunctional ingredients with antioxidative activities using Cryotin F because of their high R² values of 0.97 and 0.95 for DPPH-scavenging activity and Fe-chelating activity, respectively. Change in enzyme concentration did not significantly affect their antioxidative activities (p<0.05). Both DPPH scavenging activity and chelating activity against Fe for the enzyme hydrolysates were more affected by the pH of enzyme hydrolysis than by their action temperature. DPPH-scavenging activity was higher at acidic pH than alkali pH, while chelating activity against Few was inversely affected. Hydrolysate of shrimp byproducts showed high antioxidative activities depending on the treatment condition, so the optimum treatment of enzymatic hydrolysate with Cryotin F and other proteases can be applied to shrimp byproducts (shells) and other protein sources for biofunctional ingredients.

Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis with Cryotin F on Antioxidative Activities for Shrimp Hydrolysate Using Response Surface Methodology

Lee, Yang-Bong,Raghavan, Sivakumar,Nam, Min-Hee,Choi, Mi-Ae,Hettiarachchy, Navam S.,Kristinsson, Hordur G.,Marshall, Maurice R. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.14 No.4

Cryotin F could be used for hydrolyzing shrimp byproducts into bioactive ingredients, which could be used as value-added products. The objective of this study was to investigate the optimum condition for antioxidative activities of the enzymatic hydrolysate produced with Cryotin F using response surface methodology with central composite rotatable design. Shrimp byproducts (shells and heads) were hydrolyzed with Cryotin F. The experimental ranges of the independent variables for 20 experimental runs were 28.2-61.8${^{\circ}C}$ reaction temperature, pH 6-10 and 0.5-5.5% enzyme concentration. The degree of hydrolysis for the reaction products was measured. Their antioxidative activities were measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Fe-chelating activity. The experimental method with central composite rotatable design was well designed to investigate the optimum condition for biofunctional ingredients with antioxidative activities using Cryotin F because of their high R2 values of 0.97 and 0.95 for DPPH-scavenging activity and Fe-chelating activity, respectively. Change in enzyme concentration did not significantly affect their antioxidative activities (p<0.05). Both DPPH scavenging activity and chelating activity against Fe for the enzyme hydrolysates were more affected by the pH of enzyme hydrolysis than by their action temperature. DPPH-scavenging activity was higher at acidic pH than alkali pH, while chelating activity against Few was inversely affected. Hydrolysate of shrimp byproducts showed high antioxidative activities depending on the treatment condition, so the optimum treatment of enzymatic hydrolysate with Cryotin F and other proteases can be applied to shrimp byproducts (shells) and other protein sources for biofunctional ingredients.

Cobalt substituted layered O3 and P2-type Na-Ti-Ni-Co-O anode materials for emerging sodium-ion batteries

K. Kannan,M. Kouthaman,P. Arjunan,R. Subadevi,M. Sivakumar 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.102 No.-

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a propitious candidate for large scale energy storage devicesdue to the copious of sodium resources in earth crust and low cost. In this work, layered Cobalt (Co) substitutedO3-type NaTi0.6Ni0.3Co0.1O2 (O3-NTNC) and P2-type Na0.5Ti0.6Ni0.3Co0.1O2 (P2-NTNC) anodematerials were prepared by solid-state reaction for SIBs. The prepared O3-NTNC and P2-NTNC can beassigned to rhombohedral and hexagonal structure with the space group of R-3m and P63/mmc respectively,using Rietveld refinement. O3-NTNC and P2-NTNC delivered the reversible capacity of 108 and96 mAh g 1 at 0.1C and revealed coulombic efficiency over 90% even after 50 cycles. In addition, partialCo-substitution enhanced the structural stability of the obtained materials during sodiation and desodiationprocess.

Anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii in standard animal models

Sivakumar, T,Rajavel, R,Karthikeyan, D,Duraisamy, R,Srinivasan, K,Kumar, S Suresh,Karki, Subhas S Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2008 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.8 No.3

The chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii (Family: Euphorbiaceae) was evaluated for its antipyretic effects in Brewer's yeast induced hyperthermia in rats. The anti-inflammatory effect of the Croton roxburghii was also evaluated by using carrageenan, dextran, histamine, serotonin induced rat paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma (chronic) models in rats. The chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii (CECR) exhibited significant anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory effect at the dose 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Maximum inhibition (55.32%) was notedat the dose of 200 mg/kg after 3 h of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oedema, whereas the Indomethacin (standard drug) produced 61.33% of inhibition. The extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in dextran induced paw edema in a dose dependent manner. In the chronic model (cotton pellet induced granuloma) the CECR (200 mg/kg) and Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) showed decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 52.32% and 56.32% respectively. The extract also exhibited a significant antipyretic response in Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in rats. Thus, the present study revealed that the CECR exhibited significant antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity in the tested animal models.

Antitumor and antioxidant activities of Bryonia laciniosa against Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma bearing Swiss albino mice

Sivakumar, T,Kumar, R Sambath,Perumal, P,Vamsi, MLM,Sivakumar, P,Kanagasabai, R,Baskaran, MV,Karki, Subhas S,Mazumder, UK,Gupta, M Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2005 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.5 No.4

The plant Bryonia laciniosa (Family: Cucurbitaceae) has been indicated for the treatment of various diseases one among which is cancer. The purpose of this study was investigating experimentally the possible anti-tumor effect and antioxidant role of Bryonia laciniosa leaves in animal model. The methanol extract of Bryonia laciniosa (MEBL) administered at the doses of 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg in mice for 14 days after 24 h of tumor inoculation. The effect of MEBL on the growth of transplantable murine tumor, life span of EAC bearing mice, hematological profile and liver biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes) were estimated. Treatment with MEBL decreased the tumor volume and viable cell count thereby increasing the life span of EAC bearing mice and brought back the hematological parameter more or less normal level. The effect of MEBL also decreases the levels of lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The present work indicates that the methanol extract of Bryonia laciniosa exhibited significant antitumor and antioxidant activity in vivo.

Characterization on electron beam evaporated α-MoO3 thin films by the influence of substrate temperature

R. Sivakumar,R. Gopalakrishnan,M. Jayachandran,C. Sanjeeviraja 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.1

Electrochromic molybdenum oxide (MoO3) thin lms were prepared by electron beam evaporation technique using the dry MoO3pellets. The lms were deposited on glass and uorine doped tin oxide (SnO2:F or FTO) coated glass substrates at dierent substratetemperatures like room temperature (RT, 30.C), 100.C and 200 .C. The inuence of substrate temperature on the structural, surfacerhombic phase MoO 3 (a-MoO3) withh110i preferred orientation. The laser Raman scattering spectrum shows the polycrystalline natureof MoO 3 lms deposited at 200.C. The Raman-active band at 993 cm. 1 is corresponding to MoO stretching mode that is associatedwith the unique character of the layered structure of orthorhombic MoO3. Needlelike morphology was observed from the SEM anal-ysis. The energy band gap of MoO3 lms was evaluated which lies between 2.8 and 2.3 eV depending on the substrate temperature andsubstrates. The decrease in band gap value with increasing substrate temperature is owing to the oxygen-ion vacancies. The absorptionedge shift shows the coloration eect on the lms.

An electrochromic device (ECD) cell characterization on electron beam evaporated MoO3 films by intercalating/deintercalating the H+ ions

R. Sivakumar,C.S. Gopinath,M. Jayachandran,C. Sanjeeviraja 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.1

Thin lms of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) is one of the most interesting layered intercalation materials because of its excellent appli-transmittance electrochromic devices (ECD) based on Li+, H+ and K+ intercalation in transition metal oxide (MoO3) thin lms. Inthe present investigation, thin lms of MoO3 were prepared by electron beam evaporation technique on microscopic glass and uorinedoped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates for the application in electrochromic device cells. The compositional stoichiometry of the+ions from the H2SO4 electrolyte solution using the cyclic-voltammetry (CV) technique. We studied the electrochromic device cells (ECD)incorporating an evaporated MoO3 thin lms as electrochromic layers. The devices exhibit good optical properties with low transmit-tance values in the colored state, which make them suitable for large-area window applications. The maximum coloration eciencyof the cell was observed at about 70 cm2/C.

Drying and energy aspects of tapioca sago processing-An experimental field study

Sivakumar R.,Elayaperumal A.,Saravanan R. 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.6

The drying characteristics of tapioca sago were studied using four different drying methods--Open sun drying (OSD), Conveyor beltdrying (CBD), Bin drying (BD) and Fluidized bed drying (FBD)--in an industry located in Tamilnadu, India (Latitude: 11.494347° N;Longitude: 78.272264° E). The BD and FBD dryers were designed and fabricated as pilot scale models in the laboratory with respectivecapacity of 5 kg/h and 10 kg/h; CBD (1000 kg/h) and OSD are the commercial drying operations currently employed in industrial processing. The drying time, energy and exergy aspects of all the drying methods were compared along with the achieved final moisture content,color and quality of the dried products. The highest Energy utilization ratio (EUR) was found in CBD and FBD in the range of 20-76 % and 10-67 %, respectively. The exergy efficiency was initially low in all the cases but increased to 80 % towards the end of thedrying process.

Antitumor effect of Careya arborea against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma with reference to lipid peroxidation and enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant system in Swiss albino mice

R Sambath Kumar,T Sivakumar,V Senthil,N Venkateswara Murthy,V Balasubramaniam,R Kanaga Sabi,R. Shanmuga Sundram,P Perumal,U K Mazumder,M Gupta 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2008 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.8 No.2

The methanol extract of stem barks of Careya arborea Roxb. (MECA) (Family- Myrtaceae) was evaluated for antitumor activity and antioxidant status against Ehrlich’s Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice. After 24 h of tumor inoculation the MECA was administered at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight/mice/day for 14 days. After the last dose and 18 h fasting mice were sacrificed. The effect of MECA on the growth of transplantable murine tumor, life span of EAC bearing hosts, hematological profiles, serum and liver biochemical parameters were estimated. The MECA showed significant (P < 0.01) decrease in ascites volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count and prolonged the life span of EAC tumor bearing mice. Hematological profiles reverted to more or less normal levels in extract treated mice. The MECA also produced protective effect by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes, bilirubin and increase the protein and uric acid levels. MECA significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation, while significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of glutathione content, vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase and catalase CAT. The results indicate that MECA exhibited significant antitumor and antioxidant activity in EAC bearing mice. The methanol extract of stem barks of Careya arborea Roxb. (MECA) (Family- Myrtaceae) was evaluated for antitumor activity and antioxidant status against Ehrlich’s Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice. After 24 h of tumor inoculation the MECA was administered at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight/mice/day for 14 days. After the last dose and 18 h fasting mice were sacrificed. The effect of MECA on the growth of transplantable murine tumor, life span of EAC bearing hosts, hematological profiles, serum and liver biochemical parameters were estimated. The MECA showed significant (P < 0.01) decrease in ascites volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count and prolonged the life span of EAC tumor bearing mice. Hematological profiles reverted to more or less normal levels in extract treated mice. The MECA also produced protective effect by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes, bilirubin and increase the protein and uric acid levels. MECA significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation, while significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of glutathione content, vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase and catalase CAT. The results indicate that MECA exhibited significant antitumor and antioxidant activity in EAC bearing mice.

Antitumor effect of Careya arborea against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma with reference to lipid peroxidation and enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant system in Swiss albino mice

Kumar, R Sambath,Sivakumar, T,Senthil, V,Murthy, N Venkateswara,Balasubramaniam, V,Sabi, R Kanaga,Sundram, R. Shanmuga,Perumal, P,Mazumder, U K,Gupta, M Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2008 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.8 No.2

The methanol extract of stem barks of Careya arborea Roxb. (MECA) (Family- Myrtaceae) was evaluated for antitumor activity and antioxidant status against Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice. After 24 h of tumor inoculation the MECA was administered at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight/mice/day for 14 days. After the last dose and 18 h fasting mice were sacrificed. The effect of MECA on the growth of transplantable murine tumor, life span of EAC bearing hosts, hematological profiles, serum and liver biochemical parameters were estimated. The MECA showed significant (P < 0.01) decrease in ascites volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count and prolonged the life span of EAC tumor bearing mice. Hematological profiles reverted to more or less normal levels in extract treated mice. The MECA also produced protective effect by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes, bilirubin and increase the protein and uric acid levels. MECA significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation, while significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of glutathione content, vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase and catalase CAT. The results indicate that MECA exhibited significant antitumor and antioxidant activity in EAC bearing mice.