Antioxidative and anti-α-amylase activities of four wild plants consumed by pastoral nomads in Egypt

SJ Hossain,M El-Sayed,H Aoshima 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2009 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.9 No.3

In this study, four plants grown naturally in Egypt that are usually consumed by pastoral nomads were screened for their total phenolic contents, antioxidative, and anti-α-amylase activities. Dried powder of plant’s part was extracted in absolute or 70% ethanol. A polar extract of Panicum turgidum (PTPE) had the highest total polyphenol content {92.5 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g}, followed by an alkaloid extract of Withania somnifera (WSAlk; 77.5 mg GAE/g), and an ethanol extract of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (LPEE; 59.1 mg GAE/g). By employing different assays such as DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, Fe+ chelating, H2O2 scavenging and total antioxidant capacity, it was shown that PTPE, WSEE (ethanol extract of W. somnifera), WSAlk and LPEE had promising antioxidant activity, though, their potency varied according to the different tests. WSAlk had the highest level of α-amylase inhibition (40.2%) in vitro, followed by WSEE (30.5%). Therefore, it can be concluded that these plants, especially extracts of PTPE, and WSAlk are beneficial to physiological health, and could be used in food and pharmaceutical industries to prepare dietary supplements, functional foods or food preservatives. In this study, four plants grown naturally in Egypt that are usually consumed by pastoral nomads were screened for their total phenolic contents, antioxidative, and anti-α-amylase activities. Dried powder of plant’s part was extracted in absolute or 70% ethanol. A polar extract of Panicum turgidum (PTPE) had the highest total polyphenol content {92.5 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g}, followed by an alkaloid extract of Withania somnifera (WSAlk; 77.5 mg GAE/g), and an ethanol extract of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (LPEE; 59.1 mg GAE/g). By employing different assays such as DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, Fe+ chelating, H2O2 scavenging and total antioxidant capacity, it was shown that PTPE, WSEE (ethanol extract of W. somnifera), WSAlk and LPEE had promising antioxidant activity, though, their potency varied according to the different tests. WSAlk had the highest level of α-amylase inhibition (40.2%) in vitro, followed by WSEE (30.5%). Therefore, it can be concluded that these plants, especially extracts of PTPE, and WSAlk are beneficial to physiological health, and could be used in food and pharmaceutical industries to prepare dietary supplements, functional foods or food preservatives.

Carica papaya: comprehensive overview of the nutritional values, phytochemicals and pharmacological activities

Alara Oluwaseun Ruth,Abdurahman Nour Hamid,Alara John Adewole 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.1

Carica papaya is a perennial large herbaceous plant known for diverse biological activities. Different parts of this plant such as seeds, leaves, fruits, peels, roots, and stems have been previously reported to possess nutritional and medicinal values. This plant possesses a nutritional value that is rich in vitamins and natural minerals but low in calories. Moreover, every part of this plant had been used in treating different type of diseases which include wound dressing, antibacterial, anthelminthic effects, traditionally used to control birth, and several other activities. These were born out of the in vitro and in vivo studies conducted on the extracts from parts of C. papaya. Furthermore, the occurrences of different kinds of phytochemicals in the extracts might have been responsible for its diverse pharmacological properties. Thus, this article comprehensively outlines and discusses nutritional values, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of C. papaya

An overview on pharmaceutical properties and biotechnological advancement of Withania coagulans

Rupal Gupta,Tareeka Sonawane,Sandeep Pai 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.4

Withania coagulans is a therapeutic plant, commonly known as Rishyagandha. It is used in treatment of various diseases like indigestion, diabetes mellitus, liver disorders, purification of blood and controls blood pressure. In addition, it is reported to control plasma glucose levels and preventing renal complications. The plant contains various metabolites, and the most important being withanolides isolated from its fruits. Apart from above, the plant is known for its various pharmacological effects viz. cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activity. The current review includes information about pharmacological effects, therapeutic uses, extraction of plant metabolites and its use in treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, biotechnological advancement of W. coagulans has also been discussed.

Analysis of the variations in the marker compound of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root with reference to age of the drug, storage conditions and pharmacological efficacy

Regu Iqra Akram,Wadud Abdul,Rahman Khaleequr,Jabeen Uzma 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.1

Phyto-constituents and their efficacy vary with the age of the plant material and their affliction with environmental and storage conditions. Present study was conducted to evaluate the time dependent variation in physicochemical characters, glycyrrhi- zin content, microbial load and anti-inflammatory activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root (GGR). Fresh GGR was dried and divided into three samples and stored as: sample A below 4 °C, sample B at room temperature and sample C at 40 ± 2 °C with relative humidity 75 ± 5% for six months. Afterwards, each sample was extracted in 50% alcohol and evaluated for phys- icochemical characters, glycyrrhizin content, microbial contamination and anti-inflammatory activity in histamine-induced inflammation in Wistar rats. Physicochemical characteristics exhibits less than 25% variation and qualitative analysis for plant metabolites exhibited similarity in all three samples. Glycyrrhizin was found more in sample C (5.07%) in comparison to sample B (4.52%) and A (4.72%) with variation less than 15%. As per the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India these vari- ations in physicochemical parameters and glycyrrhizin content are insignificant. Sample A revealed total microbial count more than B and C. Accelerated stability data extrapolation of sample C suggests that shelf life of GGR is 2 years. Inflam- mation was significantly reduced by sample C followed by A and B in comparison to the control with residual paw volume of 0.9%, 3.22%, 20.4% and 29.7% respectively at 163 mg/kg BW dose. From the present study it can be concluded that up to two years age dependent variations in GGR is insignificant but its anti-inflammatory effect are glycyrrhizin dependent.

In vitro and in silico inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase by the leaf and callus extracts of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd.

Rajan Maya,Chandran Vinaya,Shahena S.,Anie Y.,Mathew Linu 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.1

In the present study, the leaf and callus extracts of Vernonia anthelmintica prepared in three different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform) were assessed for inhibition of α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) and aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21). Both the leaf and callus extracts showed remarkable inhibition against these enzymes. Alpha-amylase inhibition was the highest in ethyl acetate extract of calli and methanolic extract of leaves. Ethyl acetate extract of both leaf and calli showed significant alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase inhibition. HR-LCMS analysis of ethyl acetate frac- tion of leaf extract showed the presence of the flavonol rhamnetin. Also, the HPLC chromatogram revealed the presence of rhamnetin in callus extract. Further, in silico docking studies of rhamnetin was done against the above-mentioned enzymes. The in silico analysis revealed that compound rhamnetin showed good enzyme inhibition.

Management and treatment of atopic dermatitis with modern therapies, complementary and alternative medicines: a review

Yik-Ling Chew,Mayasah Al-Nema,Vivian Wai-Mun Ong 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2018 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.18 No.2

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common dermatological disease characterized by relapsing pruritus and rash accompanied by cutaneous physiological dysfunction. This disease could affect certain population worldwide, including infants, children and adults. The prevalence of AD has been increased rapidly over the past few decades and the severity of the disease, symptoms, and effects on patients’ quality of life may vary among individuals. AD could be caused or triggered by several factors, such as genotypic, climatic, food allergens and environmental. Many treatments are available to alleviate the symptoms and severity of AD, including topical therapy, immunosuppressant and systemic therapy, phytotherapeutic approach, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as well as complementary and adjunct therapies. Topical therapies involve moisturizers, emollients, topical corticosteroids, topical pimecrolimus and tacrolimus and antipruitic/antihistamine therapy. Whereas, systemic therapies and immunosuppressant prescribed for AD treatment include cyclosporine A, azathioprine and methotrexate. Nowadays, not only the modern medicines are used for treatment of AD but also the phytotherapy using herbs and TCM are commonly incorporated into the therapy. In addition some studies have been showed that complementary/adjunct therapies are effective as preventive approaches for managing AD. In this review some examples of these therapies and approaches will be discussed with relevant supporting literatures.

The chemical diversity and biological activities of phytoalexins

Bizuneh Gizachew Kassahun 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2021 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.21 No.1

Phytoalexins are low molecular weight antimicrobial compounds that are produced by plants as a response to biotic and abiotic stresses. They take part in an intricate defense system which enables plants to control invading microorganisms. Phytoalexins are only one component of the complex mechanisms for disease resistance in plants, but display a wide range of activities that promote the health of humans. In this review the chemical structures of phytoalexins, the role they play in protecting plants from microbial infection and their application in promoting human health in general are discussed.

Effects of dihydrocubebin, a lignan isolated from Indonesian plant Piper cubeba, on the histamine release from rat mast cells

Agung Endro Nugroho,Wahyono,Subagus Wahyuono,Kazutaka Maeyama 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2010 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.10 No.3

The fruits of Piper cubeba L. are used traditionally to treat respiratory disorders in Indonesia. In order to determine the compounds responsible for this activity, the fruits were extracted with n-hexane followed by ethanol to give n-hexane and ethanol extracts. Based on tracheospasmolytic assay on these two extracts, the n-hexane extract was more active to inhibit trachea contraction than that of ethanol extract. Upon bioassay guided isolation of the n-hexane extract, a tracheospasmolytic active compound was isolated and identified as dihydrocubebin [(3,4),(3’,4’)-bis-methylenedioxy-9,9’dihydroxylignan] (1). Compound 1 was tested further for its ability to inhibit histamine released from mast cells, using rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cell line and rat peritoneal mast cells RPMCs) as models; and DNP24-BSA, thapsigargin, ionomycin, compound 48/80 and PMA were used as inducers for histamine released from mast cell. The test result showed that 1 inhibited histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells induced by DNP24-BSA, thapsigargin and ionomycin. In addition, 1 suppressed histamine release from RPMC induced by either thapsigargin or ionomycin. However, 1 did not inhibit histamine release from RPMC induced by either compound 48/80 or combination PMA-sub optimum dose of ionomycin. Therefore, it was concluded that the inhibitory effects of 1 on the histamine released from mast cells may involve mechanisms related to intracellular Ca 2+signaling events or downstream processes of intracellular Ca 2+signaling in mast cells.

Review on herbal medicine versus desmopressin therapy for pediatric monosymptomatic enuresis

정환수 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.1

This review compares the efficacy of herbal medicine and desmopressin therapy in managing pediatric monosymptomatic enuresis. Literature searches were performed on different databases without language restrictions or limitations on the publi- cation year. The search date was August 3, 2021. All randomized control trials comparing herbal medicine and desmopressin therapy in managing children with monosymptomatic enuresis were included. Eight studies were included in the analysis. Overall, herbal medicine treatment was partially significant in terms of main outcomes, such as total effective rate and com- plete cure rate. In reducing the nighttime urine volume and urination frequency, herbal medicine treatment showed similar effects to desmopressin therapy. A significant improvement in the recurrence rate was observed in both herbal medicine treatment and combination treatment of herbal medicine with desmopressin compared to that of desmopressin monotherapy. In conclusion, herbal medicine treatment may complement or replace the shortcomings of desmopressin treatment in manag- ing pediatric monosymptomatic enuresis.

Overexpressed CYP450 mediated apoptosis evaluates cytotoxicity and teratotoxicity of Cucumis callosus

Siva Prasad Panda,Bikash Ranjan Jena,Gade Kalyani,Uttam Prasad Panigrahy 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2018 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.18 No.4

Fruits of Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cogn. (Family: Cucurbitaceae) plant, are commonly known as “bitter cucumber” (English) and “Kachri” (Hindi) in India and have been traditionally used for antioxidant, rich source of vitamin C, antidiabetic and anticancer actions. Tribal peoples of Odissa and West-Bengal are using these fruits during worship and as a vegetable. In vitro cytotoxicity of methanolic seed extract of C. callosus (MSCC) at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200, 400) μg/ ml and methanolic pericarp extract of C. callosus (MPCC) at (30, 60, 120, 240, 360) μg/ml on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell line, has been evaluated by using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and Trypan blue dye exclusion assay for a period of 3 h treatment. Acute toxicity and in vivo teratotoxicity of both extracts were also evaluated using the Zebrafish embryo developmental assay. The MSCC and MPCC showed the direct cytotoxic effect on EAC cells in a dose-dependent manner with IG50 value 273.17 and 235.08 μg/ml respectively. The MPCC in 240 and 360 μg/ml showed a strong teratotoxic effect on Zebrafish embryo in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity and teratotoxicity of MPCC were due to overexpressed CYP450 mediated apoptosis in μthe tissue.