카드뮴 정맥주사시 랏트의 치사율과 간, 신에서의 양-반응관계

김인봉,박정덕,홍연표,장임원 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1992 中央醫大誌 Vol.17 No.4

To investigate the lethality and dose-response relationship in liver and kidney of rats at 48 hours after cadmium exposure, single doses of cadmium chloride were given to Sprague-Dawley male rats by tail-intravenous injection with several groups of doses ranging from 2 to 8 mg CdCl_2/kg for lethality and from 0.2 to 3.2 mg CdCl_2/kg for dose-response relationship. In addition, control was treated with distilled water by same method. Hepatic and renal cadmium concentrations were analyzed with I.C.P.(Inductively Coupled Plasm) Emission Spectrometry (Jobin Yvon, Model JY 24, France). Dosages over 4 mg/kg were relevant to LD_100 and LD_50 was calculated as 3.3 mg/kg at 48 hours after cadmium chloride exposure in rat. The concentration in liver and kidney were increased according to given doses, and dose-response relationship was expressed as log Cd in liver= 0.8799+0.913×log Dose (F=1116.1, r=0.9877) and log Cd in kidney= 0.2542+0.0653×log Dose (F=884.8, r=0.9845), respectively. Also, the correlation between hepatic and renal cadmium concentration was highly significant(p<0.01), and dose-response relationship was expressed as long Cd in kidney = -0.6649+1.0259×log Cd in liver (F=411.1, r=0.9676). I consider that this data will be useful for the further studying of low-dose cadmium toxicity.

발모제가 발모효과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

최경임,이진태,안봉전,최은영,박찬익 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2002 생명자원과 산업 Vol.6 No.-

지금까지의 발모관리는 의학적인 차원에서 원형탈모, 남성형 탈모증 및 약제에 의한 병리학적인 연구가 있었으나 미용적인 관리에 대한 연구가 거의 없었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 약품을 사용하지 않고 순수한 발모촉진 화장품과 두피관리 프로그램을 중심으로 발모관리를 통해 탈모개선 효과를 비교검토하였다. 탈모자를 여러 그룹으로 선발하고 발모제를 달리 처방하여 모발의 굵기, SEM 촬영, 수분측정, 정상인의 모발상태와 탈모자의 모발상태를 TEM 촬영하여 비교 분석하였다. 먼저 두피관리 전과 후의 수분함량의 차이는 평균 16% 상승하였다. 발두께 비교실험에서는 정상모에 비해 탈모자의 모발이 최대 38.6%가 작은 것으로 나타났으며, 모유두와 모간의 촬영사진에서는 탈모자의 모유두는 덜 발달되어 있었고, 변형된 모유두 형태가 많았다. 전자현미경을 통한 모표피의 SEM촬영에서는 탈모자나 정상모나 표면적으로 큰 차이는 없었다. 오히려 탈모자의 경우에는 모발이 약하고 건강하지 못하기 때문에 화학적인 처방을 하는 염색이나 펌 등을 하지 않아서 모발의 큐티클 층은 정상인의 모발보다 건강한 상태로 보였다. 두피측정에서는 관리 후 A, B, C 군의 비교에서 세 그룹 모두 두피의 현저한 개선효과를 보였다. 육모제를 사용한 A, B, Group과 영양제를 사용하지 않고 스캘링과 관리를 한 C군 모두 발모효과가 있었으며, 두피관리를 전혀 하지 않는 D군은 발모효과나 두피의 개선효과는 전혀 없었다. 전자 현미경을 통한 모발의 단면 촬영에서는 정상모발이 탈모자의 모발보다 피질이 부드럽고 풍성하게 잘 형성되어 있었다. 탈모자의 경우는 매우 심각한 고민거리인데 본 실험의 결과 가장 효과적인 발모 관리는 육모제로 두피의 혈액순환을 도와주고 평소생활에서 Brushing으로 모공이 막히지 않도록 꾸준한 손질을 함으로써 발모 및 두피개선이 될 수 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Twenty working people from 30s to 50s whose hairs were in the process of losing were selected for this study. They were divided into four groups as A, B, C and D. Their hairs were sampled to compare the thickness of the hairs through a optical microscope. Using hair care products from two marketing companies, once a week, Group A and B were treated scalp scaling and steam treatment during ten minutes. After applying vitamin cream the scalp was examined using a bio-beam every 5 minutes. Group C did not receive any vitamin cream but had the same treatment as A and B. Group D used no vitamin cream and receives no treatment. The results were as follows: In Comparison losing hair surface with healthy hair surface by electronic microscope, losing hair took place when the scalp has keratin or too much fat. After comparing the amount of moisture before and after care by a moisture measurement instrument, the amount of moisture has been outstandingly increased. As a result of observing hair root and hair shaft, hair root appeared to be less developed than healthy hair. These results showed that hair care is need to be constantly research and illuminate with regard to the proper care.

노인정신장애 평가척도(Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale)의 한국판 표준화 연구

조맹제,박임순,신영민,김무진,정희연,정은기,최용성,조성진,서국희,함봉진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적 : 본 연구는 치매와 우울증을 다차원적으로 평가할 수 있는 도구인 Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale(PAS)의 한국판(PAS-K)을 개발하기 위한 것이다. 방 법 : 번역, 역번역, 그리고 세차례의 예비조사를 통하여 PAS-K를 제작하였다. 60세 이상의 노인 291명(임상환자군 : 58명, 지역사회노인군 : 168명, 수용시설 거주자 : 67명)과 그들의 정보제공자들을 대상으로 PAS-K, Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS), Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD), 그리고 Hachinski Ischemic Score 를 적용하고, Diagnostic Interview chedule(DIS-Ⅲ-R)을 사용하여 치매와 우울증을 진단하였다. PAS-K의 신뢰도와 타당도를 평가하고, 예민도와 특이도, Kappa값, 그리고 ROC커브 분석법을 이용하여 PAS-K의 6개의 소척도들(피검자면접 : 인지기능 장애척도, 우울척도, 뇌졸중척도, 정보제공자면접 : 인지기능 저하척도, 행동변화척도, 뇌졸중척도)의 최적 절단점을 구하였다. 결 과 : PAS-K는 높은 내적 일관성을 보였고, 검사자간 신뢰도도 만족할 만한 수준이었다. PAS-K의 소척도들을 다른 표준화된 검사도구들과 비교하였을 때 인지기능 장애척도와 인지기능 저하척도는 MMSE-K와, 우울척도는 GDS 및 HRSD와 유의한 상관관계를 보였으며, 뇌졸중척도는 Hachinski Ischemic Score와 통계적으로 의미있는 상관관계를 보였다. 최적절단점은 인지기능 장애척도 10점, 인지기능 저하척도 3점, 우울척도 5점, 피검자면접과 정보제공자 뇌졸중척도 모두 1점, 그리고 행동변화척도 2점으로 추정하였다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통해 PAS-K의 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증되었고, 노인정신의학 역학연구나 보건분야에서 치매와 우울증의 임상경과관찰 및 일차 선별도구로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있게 되었다. Objectives : This study was designed to develop the Korean version of the Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale(PAS-K), a multidimensional screening tool for the dementia and depression. Methods : Through three times preliminary trials, the authors translated PAS into Korean. The PAS-K, Geriatric Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hachinski Ischemic Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version were administered to 291 subjects over the age of 60 and the same number of their informants(67 subjects were institutionalized, 168 subjects were in community, 58 subjects were psychiatric hospital patients). And the Diagnostic Interview Schedule(DSM-Ⅲ-R) was independently administered to exactly diagnose dementia and depression. The reliability and validity test, optimal cut-off point estimation for six each scale and ROC curve analyses were done to investigate the diagnostic validity of PAS-K. Results : Internal consistency and interrater reliability of the PAS-K were high. Concurrent validity of each scales of PAS-K was good in being measured with other standardized scales. The optimal cut-off points of each scale of the PAS-K were estimated as follows : 1) Stroke Scale of subject interview : 1, 2) Cognitive Impairment Scale of subject interview: 10, 3) Depression Scale of subject interview : 5, 4) Stroke Scale of informant interview : 1, 5) Cognitive Decline Scale of informant interview : 3, and 6) Behavioral Change Scale of informant : 2. conclusions : The PAS-K was valid and reliable screening tools for detecting dementia and depression. Therefore the PAS-K could be widely and extensively used in psychogeriatric epidemiological research or clinical setting of primary screening for dementia and depression.

환경행정공무원의 전문성과 환경행정의 규제성에 관한 조사연구 : 2001, 2003년 조사사례를 중심으로

정용택,박종안,손부순,이종화,장봉기,박정임 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2008 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.14 No.1

We have analyzed this influence base on survey of central government administration officers and local officers which were taken on 2001 and 2003. Also, we anticipates that this result would help actual field adjustment as well as preparation of speciality of officers. The results are summarized as follows : First, a survey in 2001 shows 68.8 percent of local administration officers answered that their expertise about environmental services were above average. Then, the result was increased to 82 percent of officers responsed that they have more than average expertise and experience in 2003 survey. Secondly, government have to increase effectiveness on regulation or restriction duty. Nonetheless, the survey shows that significant decrease of effectiveness from 2001 to 2003 in both central and local goveniment officers. It means that they spent more effort on local community environmental regulation program other than restriction duty to requisited from central government. Third, moreover, local government do not want to faculty of environmental administration and insists that governments need to set the regulation for particularity of regions.

Photodetector 용 GaAs MESFET의 최적설계에 관한 연구

洪淳錫,朴奉任 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術 Vol.11 No.-

In this paper, in order to analyze the optical response for the buried gate type GaAs MESFET photodetector, we derived the total sheet charge density at every channel position. In solving the carrier continuity equation under illumination, we divided the channel region into the depletion and neutral regions. In the depletion region, we considered the drift current only and used the suggested average value for the vertical electric field. While in the neutral region,we neglected the drift current component and suggested some boundary conditions.

Effects of Supplementation of FBS and PFF on In Vitro Maturation and Gene Expression Profiling of the Oocytes

Mi-Rung Park,Gi-Sun Im,Yeoung-Gyu Ko,Hwi-Cheul Lee,Eung-Woo Park,Seongsoo Hwang,Byoung-Chul Yang,Min-Kyu Kim,Jae-Gye Yoo,Soo-Bong Park,Jae-Seok Woo 한국동물번식학회 2009 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.33 No.2s

The Imprinted Messenger RNA Expression in Cloned Porcine Pre-implantation Embryos

Park, Mi-Rung,Kim, Bong-Ki,Lee, Hwi-Cheul,Lee, Poong-Yeon,Hwang, Seong-Soo,Im, Gi-Sun,Woo, Jae-Seok,Cho, Chang-Yeon,Choi, Sun-Ho,Kim, Sang-Woo 韓國受精卵移植學會 2010 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.25 No.2

The objective of this study was to determine the mRNA expression patterns of several putative imprinted genes in in vivo and in vitro fertilized, parthenogenetic, and cloned porcine preimplantation embryos. Both maternally (Dlk1, IGF2, Peg1/Mest and Ndn) and paternally (IGF2r, H19 and Xist) imprinted genes were selected. We have used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to investigate gene expression patterns in the porcine embryos. IGF2 transcripts were detected in the most of embryos. In nuclear transfer (NT), Peg1/MEST transcripts showed fluctuating pattern. Dlk1 was only expressed partially from the morula and blastocyst stage of NT embryos. Ndn gene expression was started somewhat early for in vivo embryos. However, the expressions of maternally imprinted genes were similar in all types of blastocysts (NT, in vivo and in vitro fertilized, and parthenogenetic embryos). The IGF2R gene expression level was somewhat irregular and varied among samples. However, for the majority samples of all types of embryos, IGF2R expression was diminished after one- to two-cell stages and reappeared at the morulae or blastocyst stage embryos. H19 gene was only expressed early in parthenogenetic and in vivo embryos. For NT embryos, H19 was only expressed in blastocysts. Xist expression was detected in all blastocysts with the earliest being in vivo 8-cell stage embryos and the last one being NT blastocysts. These putative imprinted genes appeared to have stage specific expression patterns with a fluctuating pattern for some genes (Peg/Mest, IGF2r, H19). These results suggest that stage specific presence of imprinted genes can affect the embryo implantation and fetal development.

회사채금리의 변화요인 분석

임대봉,박천익 대구대학교 경제경영연구소 2002 경제경영연구 Vol.1 No.2

우리는 과거에 고금리에만 너무 익숙해져 있어서인지 오늘날 금리는 거의 제로(0) 나아가서는 마이너스(-)의 금리수준에 직면해 있다. 본 논문에서는 회사채금리에 대해서 분석을 하였다. 우리는 그동안 저금리를 부러워만 했지만 이제 금리가 떨어지고 경기침체가 지속되자 과도한 저금리의 문제가 부각되고 있는 실정이다. 저금리의 영향으로 말미암아 소비와 경기침체는 물론이고 한계기업의 구조조정 지연 등 저금리의 부작용이 나타나고 있다. 그러면 이와 같은 저금리는 어떤 요인에 의해서 영향을 받게 되는지를 그랜져(Granger)인과관계검정, 충격반응함수, 그리고 마지막으로 예측오차의 분산분해 방법을 통해서 실증분석을 하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 회사채금리의 경우에 국내경제가 개방됨으로 인해 대외적인 요인인 주가, 환율, 미국의 회사채금리 수준 등에도 영향을 받는다는 결론을 얻을 수 있다. 저금리는 이자생활자에게 치명적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 경제전체에도 저축률하락에 따른 투자재원 부족, 경상수지 악화 등 악영향을 미치게 된다. 그리고 경제주체들은 갑작스런 저금리 수준에 적응할 시간적 여유가 불충분했던 관계로 부동산 시장이 과열되는 현상을 초래할 수도 있다. 만약에 부동산 시장의 거품이 빠지면 가계부실과 금융기관의 부실로 이어질 수 있으므로 금리정책을 보다 신중하게 접근해야 할 것으로 보인다.

염색체 이상과 동반된 원발성 알도스테론증 환자의 8년 후 추적 관찰 1예 보고

임석아,남은미,박시훈,신길자,이우형,심봉석 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1996 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.19 No.1

8년전 양측성 부신증식에 의한 원발성 알토스테론증으로 진단받고 spironolactone 및 칼슘차단제를 투여하여 혈압이 조절되던 환제에서 최근 혈압이 조절되지 않아 전산화 단층 촬영을 제디행한 결과 부신선종이 동반된 것을 발견하고 부신 적출술 후 소량의 항고혈압제로 혈압이 조절되었던 1예를 보고하는 바이다. We describe an unusual 30-year-old female patient with a history of refractory hypertension and hypokalemia. She was diagnosed as primary aldosteronoism with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia 8 years age and blood pressure has been controlled with spironolactone 200mg/day, nifedipine 40mg/day, Cardura 4mg/day and oral potassium supplement till these days. Recently refractory high blood pressure was developed and about 5*4*4.5cm sized left a-drenal mass was observed by abdominal CT. The hypertension and hypokalemia was controlled by left adrenalectomy.

Psychological distress as a negative survival factor for patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Park, Ji Eun,Kim, Kyung Im,Yoon, Sung Soo,Hahm, Bong Jin,Lee, Sang Min,Yoon, Jeong Hyun,Shin, Wan Gyoon,Lee, Hye Suk,Oh, Jung Mi Pharmacotherapy Publications, Inc 2010 Pharmacotherapy Vol.30 No.12

<P>Abstract Study Objective. To evaluate the influence of distress on overall survival of patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and to analyze the possible risk factors for death. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. Large tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients. Seventy-seven patients (aged ??15 yrs) with hematologic malignancies who underwent allo-SCT between January 2000 and August 2007; 20 patients with distress history were matched in a 1:3 ratio with 57 patients without distress history. Measurements and Main Results. The primary outcome was overall survival, defined as the time from allo-SCT to disease-related death or last date of follow-up. Secondary outcomes were time to hematologic recovery (absolute neutrophil count ??500 cells/mm(3)) from day of allo-SCT, length of hospital stay, and opioid usage. Sociodemographic information and clinical characteristics were analyzed for possible risk factors. Patient history of psychological distress resulted in a significantly higher mortality rate in the first year after allo-SCT (hazard ratio [HR] 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48-6.28, p=0.001) and led to a shorter overall survival rate (HR 1.63, 95% CI 0.86-3.10, p=0.133). However, psychological distress had no effect on hospital length of stay, hematologic recovery time, opioid usage status, or dose of opioid analgesics used. Factors associated with death after allo-SCT in the univariate analysis (p<0.05) were high-relapse risk disease, umbilical cord blood SCT, total-body irradiation-containing conditioning regimen, and higher educational background. In the multivariate analysis, high relapse risk (HR 3.85, 95% CI 1.81-8.20, p<0.001) and total-body irradiation-containing conditioning regimen (HR 3.50, 95% CI 1.29-9.51, p=0.01) were identified as risk factors for death. Conclusion. A history of psychological distress before allo-SCT, after adjusting for other patient- and disease-related prognostic factors, had a significant influence on early death in the first year after transplantation.</P>