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FN이론과 Native Speaker의 자질을 통한 효율적인 회화영어교육
崔景林 단국대학교 교육대학원 1989 敎育論叢 Vol.5 No.-
For a long time, The teaching of Spoken-English has been characterlized by the instructor's explanation of grammar and translation in Korea. Korean students seem to have a passive knowledge about the language due to the preparation for various examinations including college admissions, and lack of question-anawer drill between teacher and student. Even though they have enormous knowledge of vacabulary, fail to express their idea appropriately toward certain situation. They have to pay more attention on listening complihension, that is so difficult that many Korean students are put off the language because of their inability to respond to even simple native-speaker's expressions. Using a language is an on-going skill not something to be learned about. Recently communicative language teaching based on Functional-Notional Approach has become popular on the principles and the mehtodologies of teaching foreign languages. In order to meet with communicative competence we have to push the students in teamwork, pairwork and groupwork discussions under the intensive training program. For the part of teachers they will have to be trained more efficiently to speak the language more fluently as good as native speaker or near native speaker at least. Administratively it is reccomended that the large number of invitation of native speakers if the situation allows, under the auspices of government. It is very essential that out teaching should be focussed toward developing for the capacity to achieve learners objectives and these objectives must be based on the use of the language for effective communication. That is to say our main point is to develop the students ability to use English pragmatically to communicate with someone in long run. In case any opportunities available to contact with native speaker the ability of Spoken-English could be enhansed quite a lot. The more students can ask questions about things activities and other culture, the more can be learned about the life of the speakers of another language in this way than from many hours of formal classroom education. When school is located more close to a community which speaks the language being learned, the students should be encouraged to interact with these local native speakers in a natural settings. To attain a good command of English language, we must understand the mentality of those who speak it. For a language is a living, natural thing through which we can touch the thoughts of other people. And it is necessary to reduce the use of mother tongue in class, and if learners were less shy to speak foreign languege, less worried about failure and approach it in a more natural and posive way, then we will gain more sucess. Consequently we cannot learn to speak English fluently without constant practice under the adequate instruction which is based on excellent the most up-to-date methodology such as Functional- Notional Approach and an effective utilization of native speaker's knowledge concerning professional English teaching art theoretically and practically.
신호기운영방법에 따른 고령운전자 비신호교차로 교통사고분석
최경임,조성진 대한안전경영과학회 2010 대한안전경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11
Abstract 1. 서론 2. 연구방법 3. 사고현황 및 특성 3.1 고령운전자의 교차로 교통사고 3.2 신호기 운영방법 및 작동상태에 따른 사고 특성 3.3 차로폭에 따른 사고 특성 4. 결론 5. 참고문헌
최경임,이진태,안봉전,최은영,박찬익 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2002 생명자원과 산업 Vol.6 No.-
지금까지의 발모관리는 의학적인 차원에서 원형탈모, 남성형 탈모증 및 약제에 의한 병리학적인 연구가 있었으나 미용적인 관리에 대한 연구가 거의 없었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 약품을 사용하지 않고 순수한 발모촉진 화장품과 두피관리 프로그램을 중심으로 발모관리를 통해 탈모개선 효과를 비교검토하였다. 탈모자를 여러 그룹으로 선발하고 발모제를 달리 처방하여 모발의 굵기, SEM 촬영, 수분측정, 정상인의 모발상태와 탈모자의 모발상태를 TEM 촬영하여 비교 분석하였다. 먼저 두피관리 전과 후의 수분함량의 차이는 평균 16% 상승하였다. 발두께 비교실험에서는 정상모에 비해 탈모자의 모발이 최대 38.6%가 작은 것으로 나타났으며, 모유두와 모간의 촬영사진에서는 탈모자의 모유두는 덜 발달되어 있었고, 변형된 모유두 형태가 많았다. 전자현미경을 통한 모표피의 SEM촬영에서는 탈모자나 정상모나 표면적으로 큰 차이는 없었다. 오히려 탈모자의 경우에는 모발이 약하고 건강하지 못하기 때문에 화학적인 처방을 하는 염색이나 펌 등을 하지 않아서 모발의 큐티클 층은 정상인의 모발보다 건강한 상태로 보였다. 두피측정에서는 관리 후 A, B, C 군의 비교에서 세 그룹 모두 두피의 현저한 개선효과를 보였다. 육모제를 사용한 A, B, Group과 영양제를 사용하지 않고 스캘링과 관리를 한 C군 모두 발모효과가 있었으며, 두피관리를 전혀 하지 않는 D군은 발모효과나 두피의 개선효과는 전혀 없었다. 전자 현미경을 통한 모발의 단면 촬영에서는 정상모발이 탈모자의 모발보다 피질이 부드럽고 풍성하게 잘 형성되어 있었다. 탈모자의 경우는 매우 심각한 고민거리인데 본 실험의 결과 가장 효과적인 발모 관리는 육모제로 두피의 혈액순환을 도와주고 평소생활에서 Brushing으로 모공이 막히지 않도록 꾸준한 손질을 함으로써 발모 및 두피개선이 될 수 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Twenty working people from 30s to 50s whose hairs were in the process of losing were selected for this study. They were divided into four groups as A, B, C and D. Their hairs were sampled to compare the thickness of the hairs through a optical microscope. Using hair care products from two marketing companies, once a week, Group A and B were treated scalp scaling and steam treatment during ten minutes. After applying vitamin cream the scalp was examined using a bio-beam every 5 minutes. Group C did not receive any vitamin cream but had the same treatment as A and B. Group D used no vitamin cream and receives no treatment. The results were as follows: In Comparison losing hair surface with healthy hair surface by electronic microscope, losing hair took place when the scalp has keratin or too much fat. After comparing the amount of moisture before and after care by a moisture measurement instrument, the amount of moisture has been outstandingly increased. As a result of observing hair root and hair shaft, hair root appeared to be less developed than healthy hair. These results showed that hair care is need to be constantly research and illuminate with regard to the proper care.