CONSUMER DESIRE FOR FAST FASHION: AN ILLUSTRATION FROM U.S. COLLEGE STUDENTS

Nayeon Yoo,Hye-Young Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Introduction What is fast fashion? Does this term just define all the latest or the most popular or the most famous clothes? In reality, this social phenomenon goes beyond the conventional notion of industrialized fashion and carries more importance than is implied by this view. Fast fashion, defined as “the retail strategy of adapting merchandise assortments to current and emerging trends as quickly and effectively as possible” (Sull & Turconi, 2008, p. 5), has received a great amount of attention from fashion marketers and consumers since its inception during the 21st century (Tokatli, 2008; Jang et al., 2012). The purpose of this study was to deepen our understanding of fast fashion consumers. Based on the review of related literature, the key variables related to fast fashion consumers were categorized into three dimensions: consumer characteristics (i.e., fashion leadership, price consciousness), consumer awareness (i.e., awareness of sustainable practices of fast fashion retailers, perception of fashion democratization), and attitude toward fast fashion retailers. The three dimensions were examined in a sequential manner to assess the power of each set of antecedents in explaining college students’ repatronage intention of fast fashion retailers. Related Literature While fast fashion retailers have experienced a huge financial success mainly due to their affordable and accessible fashion products, they have also been harshly criticized by some members of the public because of their lack of corporate social responsibility. Indeed, fast fashion retailers’ low cost and efficient supply chain management systems have had negative effects on the environment, society, and people (Barnes & Lea-Greenwood, 2006; Bruce & Daly, 2006; Ro & Kim, 2009). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that about 14.3 million tons of textiles were generated in 2012, making up 5.2 percent of total municipal solid waste. Such massive textile waste has been attributed to fast fashion retailers because the cheap and trendy items they produce encourage consumers to make frequent purchases and to frequently dispose of unwanted clothing. Furthermore, several fast fashion retailers (e.g. Gap and Forever 21) have been criticized for the use of child labor and the sweatshop-like conditions of their factories (Ramishvili, 2012). Moreover, some fast fashion retailers have been involved in intellectual property lawsuits because they replicated the runway designs of prominent designers to produce knock-off products (Pous, 2013). In response, a few fashion experts claim that fast fashion retailers destroy fashion because the styles produced lack of aesthetic expression and creativity (Choufan, 2013). However, these issues are not solely a problem associated with fast fashion retailers. In fact, the entire fashion industry is responsible for adverse environmental and societal consequences to some extent. Traditional fashion retailers (e.g. Diesel, Levi’s, Dolce & Gabbana, Chanel, Herm?s) also generate huge amounts of textile waste along with hazardous waste that results from the chemical materials used in production processes. Their products are also manufactured in developing countries to keep production costs low. They also may not pay attention to the labor environment. Therefore, traditional fashion retailers along with fast fashion retailers have responsibilities related to sustainability issues (Casey, 2014; Greenpeace, 2013). Nevertheless, fast fashion retailers have received the majority of the public’s criticism regarding these issues. Contrary to a popular belief, fast fashion retailers have taken some steps to apply the concept of sustainability into their business practices. For example, H&M collects unwanted garments for recycling, uses recycled or reused materials for producing new garments and uses organic cottons (Lanyon, 2013). Other fast fashion retailers like Zara, Topshop and Uniqlo as well as H&M also have launched eco-friendly collections (MacDonald, 2012). Moreover, H&M, Zara, Mango and Uniqlo have committed to eliminate the release of toxic chemicals by 2020 in response to Greenpeace’s Detox campaign and to public pressure (Greenpeace, 2012). Furthermore, fast fashion retailers are also paying attention to labor issues. For instance, after more than 1,100 people died from the Rana Plaza building collapse on April 24th in 2013 (Chua, 2013), major fast fashion retailers signed the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh. This accord indicates these retailers agree to be responsible for the working environment for employees in apparel factories in Bangladesh. Although their ultimate goal might be to increase their sales by recovering their brand images damaged by unfavorable media coverage, it is clear that movement toward sustainable practices will minimize the negative impact of their business practices on the environment and society and encourage other retailers to incorporate sustainable practices. In spite of the harsh criticism directed at fast fashion retailers, consumers still like wearing fast fashion products considering that fast fashion retailers have continuously expanded their businesses worldwide and have been successful. Prior researchers interested in fast fashion retailers have focused on supply chain management issues (Barnes & Lea-Greenwood, 2006; Mihm, 2010), the value of fast fashion (Cachon & Swinney, 2011), and indentifying business strategies of a particular fast fashion retailer (Ferdows, Lewis, & Machuca, 2005; Ghemawat, Nueno, & Dailey, 2003; Tokatli, 2008). However, few researchers have theoretically explained why consumers still like fast fashion products and visit fast fashion retailers. With that in mind, the present study identified various factors that positively influence consumer attitude and their patronage intention toward fast fashion retailers. Furthermore, although fast fashion retailers have positive motivations toward consumers (e.g. provide inexpensive fashionable items,participate in sustainable practices), consumer research has highlighted their negative effects on the environment and society (e.g., Morgan & Birtwistle, 2009). Methods An online self-administered survey methodology was employed with a purposive sample of U.S. college students who had shopped at fast fashion retailers. A total of 154 usable responses were used for data analysis. The click through rate was 79.79%. Exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical regression were used to examine the interrelationships among the three dimensions of antecedents (consumer characteristics, consumer awareness, consumer attitude) and repatronage intention. The measurement items employed were developed based on previous literature. All items were reviewed and modified to fit the context of this research: consumer attitude and patronage intention toward fast fashion retailers (Madden, Ellen, & Ajzen, 1992); perception of fashion democratization (PFD) (Dubois, Czellar, & Laurent, 2005); fashion opinion leadership (Flynn et al., 1996; Goldsmith & Hofacker, 1991); and price consciousness (Lichtenstein et al., 1993). The items for measuring awareness of sustainable practices of fast fashion retailers (ASP) were created based on news articles presenting sustainable practices fast fashion retailers actually engaged in. Participant Characteristics Among the participants, 48.1% were majoring in a fashion related area (e.g. fashion design, retail merchandising). The majority of the participants were female (85.1%). Most participants (92.2%) were between 18 and 25 years old. With respect to ethnicity, 63.0% were Caucasian. Approximately half of the participants (52.6%) reported that they earned less than $10,000 annually. Also, 26.0% of the participants shopped at fast fashion retailers once a month. Results A weighted least squares (WLS) hierarchical regression analysis was used for data analysis. Fast fashion shopping frequency was used as a weight variable as it is related to the variability in the dependent variable. The results revealed that: (a) fashion leadership positively influenced repatonage intention (Model 1); (b) after controlling consumer characteristics, PFD played a significant role in increasing variance explained in repatonage intention (Model 2) and (c) after controlling consumer characteristics and awareness, consumer attitude was found to be a significant predictor, partially mediating the linkages from fashion leadership and PFD to repatronage intention (Model 3). Implications and Conclusion Our findings suggest that fashion leadership plays an important role in the fast fashion market because it initiates the acceptance of new trends and leads to diffusion of new fashion. Prior research suggests that fashion leaders (versus followers) are willing to take risks in trying new items offered by fast fashion retailers, are interested in fashion information, tend to retain fashion items for socializing for a short period of time and need various and unique fashion items (Goldsmith, Freiden & Kilsheimer, 1993; Kang & Park-Poaps, 2010). Given that fast fashion retailers promote frequent purchases and decrease the financial burden by offering new products on a weekly basis and charging low prices, our finding is consistent with fashion leaders’ characteristics prior research identified. Another important finding is that the role of PDF in defining fast fashion consumers. Fast fashion products look similar to high-end products, but are comparatively inexpensive because the fast fashion retailers apply or copy high-end designs into their products and use cheap materials (Niinim?ki, 2009; Reinach, 2005). Also, fast fashion retailers open tremendous stores across the world, which make fashion more accessible to consumers globally. As a result, fast fashion retailers accelerate the fashion democratization and it means that both concepts of fast fashion and fashion democratization are highly related. As Wang (2010) stated, “fast fashion’s soul is to make fashion democratized with its low price and speed” (p.10). Further research is needed to extend and corroborate the findings of this study.

1970-80년대 독일의 교육원조를 통한 공업계 교원양성 교육에 관한 연구: 충남대 사례를 중심으로

유나연 ( Yoo Nayeon ),박환보 ( Park Hwanbo ) 충남대학교 교육연구소 2018 교육연구논총 Vol.39 No.3

이 연구는 1970-80년대 독일의 교육원조를 통해 이루어진 충남대학교 공과대학의 공업계교원양성 교육에 관한 구체적인 내용과 특징을 밝히는데 목적을 두고 있다. 정부의 공업계중등교육 강화 및 국립대학 특성화라는 맥락 속에서 총 3차에 걸쳐 이루어진 충남대-독일 GTZ 기술협력사업으로 충남대에 실험실습기자재 지원, 교수매체센터 설치, 독일전문가의 내한 및 충남대 교수들의 독일 연수가 진행되었고, 이를 통해 충남대는 현재까지도 공업계 교원 양성에 있어 독점적인 지위를 유지하고 있다. 이러한 충남대-독일 GTZ 기술협력사업의 세부 특징을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 충남대-독일 GTZ 기술협력사업을 통한 충남대 공업계 교원훈련 사업에서는 현장 실무능력 향상을 위한 실습 위주의 독일식 직업교육이 강조되었으며, 교육과정에 실습을 포함시키고 실습을 지원하기 위해 산업체 현장의 기사를 고용하기도 했다. 둘째, 중등수준의 공업기술교육에 대한 우리 정부와 독일 측 사이에 인식차이가 존재했는데, 한국 정부는 당시의 공업화를 강조하는 정책 기조 속에서 공업계 고등학교를 숙련된 노동인력을 양성하는 기관으로 간주한 반면, 독일 측은 특정한 산업 분야에 대한 이론과 실제를 겸비한 숙련된 기술자를 양성하는 곳으로 인식했다. 이러한 차이는 이후 충남대학교 공업교육대학 내 공업계 기술교원 양성을 위한 제도 운영과 교육과정 편성에도 영향을 주었다. This study aimed to examine industrial teacher education at the college of engineering at Chungnam National University (CNU) during the CNU-GTZ Project while in receipt of German educational aid in the 1970-80s. Through the CNU-GTZ technical cooperation project, CNU was provided with laboratory equipment, and the government of the Federal Republic of Germany assisted in the establishment of a center of educational instruction and media. In addition, CNU faculty members and staff were trained in Germany, and German experts were dispatched to CNU to promote the training of technical teachers. This resulted in CNU maintaining a dominant position in the training of technical teachers. The details of the CNU-GTZ Project were as follows: First, this project emphasized the German field training-centered style of vocational education; therefore, CNU needed to hire field engineers. Second, there was a clear difference of perception between Korea and Germany regarding technical education at the secondary level. The latter regarded technical high schools as well-trained technician training institutes, while the former, as workforce training institutes. This difference influenced institutional operations and curriculum organization at the college of engineering at CNU. Keywords: educational aid, industrial teacher education,

1950-60년대 고등공민학교에 관한 연구

박환보 ( Park Hwanbo ),유나연 ( Yoo Nayeon ) 충남대학교 교육연구소 2017 교육연구논총 Vol.38 No.2

이 연구는 해방 이후 학교교육의 한 축을 담당했으나 정규 학제에 포함되지 못한 채 빠른 속도로 쇠퇴의 역사를 밟은 고등공민학교에 초점을 맞추어 1950-60년대 학교교육 성립 과정의 특징을 탐구하였다. 이를 위해, 국가 수준의 법령, 통계자료와 더불어 당시 고등공민학교에 다녔던 이들의 구술 분석을 통해 1950-60년대 고등공민학교 교육의 구체적인 모습을 미시적으로 살펴보았다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고등공민학교는 학력 미인정이라는 불안정한 지위 속에서도 1950-60년대 중학교 수준의 교육기회 확대 요구 수용을 담당했던 일종의 임시 교육기관이었다. 둘째, 고등공민학교는 소외계층의 학습열이 우회적으로 표출된 공간으로서 특히 여성에 대한 차별이 존재했던 당시, 교육기회를 박탈당한 여성들에게 배움의 기회를 제공하는 역할을 수행했다. 셋째, 고등공민학교는 농촌계몽운동이 활성화되던 시기, 지역사회교육운동의 거점으로서 새로운 교육적 시도를 추진한 대안적인 학교였다. 이처럼 고등공민학교는 정규학제에서는 벗어나 있었지만 지역사회 내 교육기관으로서 일조하며 소외된 학생들을 위한 배움터 역할을 수행했다. 또한 학교의 변화와 사회의 변화 과정을 직접 느껴야 했던 운영 주체들의 경험 또한 후속 연구로서 다루어질 필요성이 있다. This study attempts to explore the formation and development of school education, and its social characteristics after the liberation focusing on higher civic school which decayed rapidly in South Korean school system despite the fact that higher civic school was one of the mainstays of the school system. To achieve this purpose, this study is focusing on experience of people who attended higher civic school in the 1950`s and 1960`s through an analysis of their oral life histories in addition to state-level materials available including the legislation and statistical data. Major findings are as follows. First, higher civic school in the 1950`s and 1960`s is a kind of temporary educational institution which is contributed to the expansion of educational opportunity in spite of precarious position. Second, higher civic school is the place where strong desire to study of educational alienation class is indirectly expressed. In particular, regardless of the negative social perception of women`s participation for education, higher civic school played a positive role in expansion of educational opportunities for women. Finally, at the time of the rural enlightenment campaign, as a hub for local educational movement higher civic school is an alternative school in which new educational attempts are initiated. These findings suggest that higher civic school played an important role in the community although it was included in an irregular school system. In addition, it is necessary to consider the management experience of administrators who experienced changes of school and society.

커피찌꺼기로부터 얻어진 탄소 소재의 전기화학적 성질 및 흡착 성능

유진주 ( Jin Ju Yoo ),고나연 ( Nayeon Ko ),오수현 ( Su Hyun Oh ),오정연 ( Jeongyeon Oh ),김미정 ( Mijung Kim ),이재은 ( Jaeeun Lee ),엄태식 ( Taeshik Earmme ),배준원 ( Joonwon Bae ) 한국공업화학회 2023 공업화학 Vol.34 No.5

우리 일상에서 대량으로 생성되는 리그노셀룰로즈(lignocellulose) 물질인 커피 찌꺼기(coffee grounds)를 탄화하여 얻어지는 탄소 소재의 전기화학적 특성과 흡착 성능을 고찰하였다. 커피 찌꺼기를 섭씨 600도 정도의 상대적 저온에서 탄화하여 얻어지는 탄소의 형태적 구조를 주사전자현미경(scanning electron microscope, SEM)으로 고찰하였다. Raman 분석을 통하여 얻어진 탄소 재료의 결정성 정보를 얻었다. 기본적인 전기적 특성을 간단한 옴의 관계(Ohmic relation)를 통하여 확인하였다. 나아가, 탄화된 재료가 리튬 이차 전지의 음극(anode) 소재로 활용될 수 있는지 여부를 반쪽 전지(half-cell) 충방전(charge/discharge) 테스트를 통해 살펴보았으며, 초기 음극재의 비용량은 약 520 mAh/g으로 나타났다. 이어서, 커피 찌꺼기 탄화로 얻어진 탄소 소재의 다공성 구조로 인해 분자를 흡착할 수 있음을 자외선(ultraviolet, UV) 흡광도(absorption) 측정을 통해 확인하였다. 탄소 소재의 표면 개질을 통해 극성이 다른 분자들의 선택적으로 흡착할 수 있음을 추가로 확인하였다. 본 연구는 향후 목질계 폐기물의 활용에 대한 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이다. The fundamental electrochemical properties and adsorption capabilities of the carbonized product derived from coffee grounds, a prevalent form of lignocellulose abundantly generated in our daily lives, have been extensively investigated. The structure and morphology of the resultant carbonized product, obtained through a carbonization process conducted at a relatively low temperature of 600 °C, were meticulously examined using a scanning electron microscope. Raman spectroscopy measurements yielded a relative crystallinity (D/G ratio) of the carbon product of 0.64. Electrical measurements revealed a linear ohmic relationship within the carbonized product. Furthermore, the viability of utilizing this carbonized material as an anode in lithium- ion batteries was evaluated through half-cell charge/discharge experiments, demonstrating an initial specific capacity of 520 mAh/g. Additionally, the adsorption performance of the carbon material towards a representative dye molecule was assessed via UV spectroscopy analyses. Supplementary experiments corroborated the material's ability to adsorb a distinct model molecule characterized by differing surface polarity, achieved through surface modification. This article presents pivotal findings that hold substantial implications for forthcoming research endeavors centered around the recycling of lignocellulose waste.

사이버대학에서 인지된 고립감, 조직의 지원, 만족도, 학습지속의향간 구조적 관계 규명

주영주(YoungJu Joo),정애경(AeKyung Chung),유나연(NaYeon Yoo),이상희(SangHoi Yi) 대한전자공학회 2012 전자공학회논문지 Vol.49 No.10

본 연구는 사이버대학에서 인지적 고립감, 조직의 지원, 만족도, 학습지속의향 간의 구조적 인과관계를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 H 사이버대학교 2011년 1학기 컴퓨터전공생 373명을 대상으로 구조방정식 모델링 분석을 통해 연구가설을 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 조직의 지원이 인지된 고립감에 영향을 미치는가를 살펴본 결과 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 조직의 지원과 인지된 고립감이 학습자의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 가를 살펴본 결과 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 조직의 지원, 인지된 고립감, 만족도가 학습지속의향에 영향을 미치는 가를 살펴본 결과 조직의 지원을 제외한 인지된 고립감, 만족도만이 학습지속의향에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인지된 고립감은 조직의 지원과 만족도 그리고 학습지속의향을 매개하고 있고, 만족도는 인지된 고립감과 조직의 지원, 학습지속의향 간을 매개하고 있음이 추가적으로 검증되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 사이버 교육환경에서 학습자의 만족도와 학습지속의향을 높이기 위해 학습을 설계할 시 조직의 지원과 함께 학습자의 고립감을 줄이기 위한 다양한 방법과 전략들이 제공되어야 함을 시사한다. For this study, 373 students of H cyber university were chosen to conduct a survey in the spring semester of 2011. The result of this study through structural equation modeling analysis was as follows: First, organizational support significantly affected perceived isolation. Second, organizational support and perceived isolation significantly affected satisfaction. Third, perceived isolation and satisfaction significantly affected learning persistence, while organizational support didn"t. In addition, satisfaction was verified as a mediating variable between organizational support, satisfaction, and learning persistence, and satisfaction was verified as a mediating variable between perceived isolation, organizational support and learning persistence. These results imply that perceived isolation and organizational support should be considered for the design and development strategies of instructional courses in order to enhance satisfaction and learning persistence of students in cyber educational environment.

Design of Transparent Multicolor LED Signage with an Oxide-Metal-Oxide Interconnect Electrode

Park Jee Yeon,Jeon Hyunjee,Park Nayeon,Yoo Geonwook,Han Chul Jong,Oh Min Suk,Ju Byeong-Kwon,Kim Yoon-su 한국물리학회 2020 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.77 No.1

A transparent light emitting diode (LED) panel with a 16 × 16 multicolor LED array for a signage application is proposed and studied based on experimental and simulation results. As a transparent electrode, oxide/metal/oxide (OMO) trilayers with various Al interlayer thicknesses were fabricated and characterized using an established a simulation model. Using commercial ray tracing optical and SPICE simulation tools, we designed the LED panel and investigated in its optical and electrical properties. Moreover, in order to resolve the waveguide effect and voltage drop issue across the panel, we integrated additional optical structures and various OMO width into the design. The results show that the OMO electrode interconnects and proposed design considerations are pivotal aspects toward achieving transparent LED digital signage applications.

메탄 건식 개질 반응에서 Ni/Al₂O₃ 촉매 성능 향상을 위한 알루미나 지지체 기공 특성 조절 연구

황성범(Sung Beom Hwang),유은주(Eunju Yoo),최동섭(Dong Seop Choi),김상빈(Sang Bin Kim),김나연(Nayeon Kim),주지봉(Ji Bong Joo) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2023 한국에너지기후변화학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11

Isolation and identification active peptides of Tenebrio Molitor larvae hydrolysates

Younggi Choi,An-Na Kim,Nayeon Kim,Heung-Youl Lim,Young-Kyoung Kim,Jae-Myeong Yoo,Myoung-Su Jeong,Jong-Cheol Lee,Joong-Hark Kim,Jongrae Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2022 No.10

단계별 해설과 실습예제기반 UML 자기 주도 학습을 지원하는 웹 애플리케이션

문봉오(BongOh Mun),김다영(DaYoung Kim),박대성(DaeSeong Park),오나연(NaYeon Oh),이에스더(Esther Lee),유철중(CheolJung Yoo) 한국정보기술학회 2019 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2019 No.6

소프트웨어 개발 시 UML(Unified Modeling Language) 사용이 일반화되어 UML 학습에 대한 필요성이 커지고 있지만, UML을 체계적으로 학습할 수 있는 수단이 많지 않다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 기존의 UML 교육 방식을 통합하여 웹 기반으로 단계별 해설을 보며 관련 예제를 즉각적으로 실습할 수 있는 자기 주도 학습 애플리케이션을 설계 및 구현하였다. 이를 통해 UML을 공부하고자 하는 누구나 쉽고 간편하게 UML을 학습하고 소프트웨어 개발 프로세스에 적용할 수 있게 하였다. 또한 사용자들에게 설문 조사 및 사용 후기 조사를 진행해 피드백을 받을 수 있도록 하였다. UML(Unified Modeling Language) is commonly used in software development, and the need for UML learning is increasing, but there are not many ways to systematically learn UML. In this paper, to solve these problems, we design and implement self-directed learning application, by integrating existing UML learning methods, which can see step-by-step instruction and immediately practice relevant examples in web. This allows anyone who wants to study UML to easily learn UML and apply it to the software development process. We also conducted surveys and reviews of users to receive feedback from users.

Trends in research addressing fashion and social responsibility

Kim K. P. Johnson,Miyoung Lee,Dooyoung Choi,Jung Mee Mun,Nayeon Yoo 한국마케팅과학회 2013 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.4 No.3

The purpose of the research was to identify research trends in the area of fashion andsocial responsibility. Journal articles (n ¼ 67) were content analyzed to identify trends. Even though several areas of fashion (e.g., design, production/supply chain, businessoperations, education, consumption) received research attention, issues related tofashion consumption received the greatest amount of research attention, as evidencedby the number of studies. Potentially problematic issues identified include the lack ofconsistent terminology for investigating SR relative to fashion and lack of shareddefinitions. SR was often discussed as the context for the research, rather than servingas a core variable under investigation.