복어중독에 의한 가사 상태에서 소생한 1예

송승찬,신진호,강석우,박경남,최호순,박근태,문희식,기춘석,이성희,윤병철,노우균,조균석,이민호 大韓應急醫學會 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.3

Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin produced by about 90 species of puffer fish and causes paralysis of central nervous system and peripheral nerves by blocking the movement of all monovalent cation. Ingestion of tetrodotoxin produces clinical manifestations such as paresthesias(within 10-45 min), vomiting, lightheadedness, salivation, muscle twitching, dysphagia, difficulty in speaking, convulsion and death that expressed by cardiopulmonary arrest with loss of brain stem reflex sometimes. Tetrodotoxin prevents or delays ischemia induced neuronal death by way of following 3 mechanisms. Firstly, it reduces the energy demand of the brain tissues. Secondly, it delays or even prevents anoxic depolarization. Finally, it deminishes ischemia induced cell swelling and cerebral edema. We report a case of puffer fish poisoning which presented with cardiopulmonary arrest and loss of brain stem reflex, but completely recovered by aggressive cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

요골 두 아탈구와 동반된 상완골 내 상과 골절 : 1예 보고 A Case Report

이한용,유기원,정진영,송주현,고해석,강용구,손문익 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

주관절 손산 중 상완골 내 상과 골절은 단독으로 혹은 주관절 탈구와 동반되어 발생하는 것이 일반적이다. 저자들은 15세 남자 환자의 좌측 요골 두 아탈구가 동반된 상완골 내 상과 골절을 경험하였다. 도수 정복을 시도하였으나 요골 두 아탈구의 정복을 얻을 수 없어 관혈적 정복술로 치료하엿다. 6개월추시 결과 후휴증이 없는 정상적인 관절 상태를 확인할 수 있었다. 연령, 원인 , 손상 기전으로 분석해 보면 이 동반 손상은 발생하기 매우 어렵고, 문헌 탐색 결과 현재까지 동일한 증례를 찾아볼 수 없었으므로 보고하는 바이다. It has been known that fracture of medial epicondylar apophysis of distal humerus may be isolated of associated with elbow deslocations. We have experienced a case which medial epicondylar fracture of the distal humerus was associated with subluxation of the radial head. Initially, we had tried reduction of subluxated radial head by closed method, but failed. Finally open reduction gad been performed. At 6 month after open reduction, clinical and radiological result were excellent. As it is difficult for those associated injuries to occur simultaneously and the similar cases never have been reported yet, we would like to present this case with a review of the literature.

Na⁺/Vacancy Disordered P2-Na_0.67Co_1–<i>x</i>Ti<i>_x</i>O₂: High-Energy and High-Power Cathode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries

Kang, Seok Mun,Park, Jae-Hyuk,Jin, Aihua,Jung, Young Hwa,Mun, Junyoung,Sung, Yung-Eun American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.4

<P>Although sodium ion batteries (NIBs) have gained wide interest, their poor energy density poses a serious challenge for their practical applications. Therefore, high-energy-density cathode materials are required for NIBs to enable the utilization of a large amount of reversible Na ions. This study presents a P2-type Na0.67Co1-x,TixO2 (x < 0.2) cathode with an extended potential range higher than 4.4 V to present a high specific capacity of 166 mAh g(-1). A group of P2-type cathodes containing various amounts of Ti is prepared using a facile synthetic method. These cathodes show different behaviors of the Na+/vacancy ordering. Na0.67CoO2 suffers severe capacity loss at high voltages due to irreversible structure changes causing serious polarization, while the Ti-substituted cathodes have long credible cycleability as well as high energy. In particular, Na0.67Co0.90Ti0.10O2 exhibits excellent capacity retention (115 mAh g(-1)) even after 100 cycles, whereas Na0.67CoO2 exhibits negligible capacity retention (<10 mAh g(-1)) at 4.5 V cutoff conditions. Na0.67Co0.90Ti0.10O2 also exhibits outstanding rate capabilities of 108 mAh g(-1) at a current density of 1000 mA g(-1) (7.4 C). Increased sodium diffusion kinetics from mitigated Na+/vacancy ordering, which allows high Na+ utilization, are investigated to find in detail the mechanism of the improvement by combining systematic analyses comprising TEM, in situ XRD, and electrochemical methods.</P>

Use of a simulated moving bed process for high-purity separation of fumaric acid with a little fronting phenomenon

Mun-Seok KANG,Jae-Hwan CHOI,Chung-gi LEE,Han-Gil PARK,Cheol-Yeon JO,Ye-Jin SONG,Sungyong MUN 한국생물공학회 2017 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

rGO nanomaterial-mediated cancer targeting and photothermal therapy in a microfluidic co-culture platform

Mun Seok Gyu,최형우,이종민,임재현,하장호,Kang Min-Jung,Kim Eun-Joong,Kang Lifeng,정봉근 나노기술연구협의회 2020 Nano Convergence Vol.7 No.10

We developed the microfluidic co-culture platform to study photothermal therapy applications. We conjugated folic acid (FA) to target breast cancer cells using reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based functional nanomaterials. To characterize the structure of rGO-based nanomaterials, we analyzed the molecular spectrum using UV–visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). We demonstrated the effect of rGO-FA-based nanomaterials on photothermal therapy of breast cancer cells in the microfluidic co-culture platform. From the microfluidic co-culture platform with breast cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we observed that the viability of breast cancer cells treated with rGO-FA-based functional nanomaterials was significantly decreased after near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Therefore, this microfluidic co-culture platform could be a potentially powerful tool for studying cancer cell targeting and photothermal therapy.

"합리성"과 "진정성"의 윤리학적 긴장 -나딩스의 배려윤리와 헤어의 대응논리를 중심으로-

강문석 ( Mun Seok Kang ) 한국윤리교육학회 2008 윤리교육연구 Vol.0 No.16

이 논문의 주된 목적은 윤리학에서의 합리성과 진정성이 어떻게 만나 상보적일 수 있는지를 탐색하는데 있다. 합리성 중심의 윤리학은 현대의 미시적이며 구체적인 삶의 영역에서 발생하는 도덕문제에 적절히 대응하지 못한 채 현실에서 실천과 단절된 균열을 낳고 있다. 따라서 도덕이 제대로 힘을 발휘하기 위해서는 특정 원칙을 삶의 원칙이나 행위 규범으로 인식하게 되는 조건이나 상황을 숙고하는 진정성에 대한 윤리학적 논의를 포함해야 할 것이다. 진정성의 윤리의 한 형태로서 나딩스(N. Noddings)의 관계중심의 배려윤리는, 타인의 상황에서의 배려의 몰입은 구체적인 상황에 놓여 있는 자아가 처한 현실의 특수성, 우연성을 고려하는 것으로서, 개인의 경향성이나 욕구를 사상(捨象)하여 비개체성을 주장하는 보편적 도덕원칙과 대조를 보인다. 하지만 정의를 무시하고 관계, 상황, 정서에만 초점을 맞출 경우에 배려는 일정한 편견이나 개인적 선호의 개입을 허용하여 결국에 부정의하고 불공정해지는 또 다른 균열을 낳는다. 이에 헤어(R. M. Hare)는 ``보편성``과 ``일반성``의 논리적 차이를 지적함으로써 이러한 ``탈원리주의``에 대응하고 자신의 윤리체계는 그것을 함의할 수 있다고 논증한다. 즉, 헤어는 구체적인 상황 속에서 주어진 사실들과 올바른 논리적 규칙에 따라 관련 당사자들의 이익이나 선호를 최대한 고려하여 도출된 구체적인 도덕원리의 보편성을 주장한다. 헤어에 따르면, 배려, 덕이 의무와 대립하는 것은 모두 직관적 수준에서이다. 도덕사유의 비판적 수준은 직관적 수준에서 직관들 간에 대립을 해결할 뿐만 아니라 우리 자신을 계발하기 위한 도덕원리들과 덕을 선택하는 데 사용된다. 이러한 비판적 사유를 통해 이루어진 도덕추론은 ``원리중심주의`` 윤리를 넘어서 ``탈원리주의``의 주장을 함의하는 합리적이면서도 진정한 윤리, 즉 원리와 배려가 만나는 접점이다. The chief purpose of this essay is in searing for the complementation of ``Rationality`` and ``Authencity``. The ethics of rationality do not adequately meet in moral problem which occurs in the micro-specific sphere of life in contemporary and it brings cleavage into practice in reality. Thus for moral in order to exercise force, it must include the ethical discussion about authenticity by contemplating context and situation that make certain principle recognize into the principle of life and the norm of action. Noddings` the ethics of the relation-oriented as a form of the ethics of authecity considers that engrossment of caring in other`s situation causes the self placing on concrete situation to think his specificity, contingency. And it is contrasted with universal moral principle to insist impersonality by abbreviating individual`s disposition or desire. However, in the case of neglecting justice and focusing only relation, situation, emotion, caring allows us to intervene certain prejudice or personal preference, and eventually produces another cleavage to be injustice and partial. In response to ``de-principle-oriented``, Hare argues that it can be contained in his ethical system by pointing out the logical difference of ``universality`` and ``generality``. Namely, Hare insists the universality of moral principle that are followed by maximally thinking given facts within specific situation and the affected person`s interest or preference in accordance with logical rules. According to Hare, to conflict virtue and care with duty is all in the intuitive level. Critical level of moral thinking is used to not only solving the conflict between intuitions but also choosing moral principles and virtue in order to cultivate ourselves. Because moral inference through critical thinking entails the insistence of ``de-principle-oriented`` beyond the ethics of ``principle-oriented``, therefore it is a point of contact to meet principle and care.

Synthesis of Centimeter-Scale Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide Film on Gold Foils

Yun, Seok Joon,Chae, Sang Hoon,Kim, Hyun,Park, Jin Cheol,Park, Ji-Hoon,Han, Gang Hee,Lee, Joo Song,Kim, Soo Min,Oh, Hye Min,Seok, Jinbong,Jeong, Mun Seok,Kim, Ki Kang,Lee, Young Hee American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.5

<P>We report the synthesis of centimeter-scale monolayer WS<SUB>2</SUB> on gold foil by chemical vapor deposition. The limited tungsten and sulfur solubility in gold foil allows monolayer WS<SUB>2</SUB> film growth on gold surface. To ensure the coverage uniformity of monolayer WS<SUB>2</SUB> film, the tungsten source-coated substrate was placed in parallel with Au foil under hydrogen sulfide atmosphere. The high growth temperature near 935 °C helps to increase a domain size up to 420 μm. Gold foil is reused for the repeatable growth after bubbling transfer. The WS<SUB>2</SUB>-based field effect transistor reveals an electron mobility of 20 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>–1</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP> with high on–off ratio of ∼10<SUP>8</SUP> at room temperature, which is the highest reported value from previous reports of CVD-grown WS<SUB>2</SUB> samples. The on–off ratio of integrated multiple FETs on the large area WS<SUB>2</SUB> film on SiO<SUB>2</SUB> (300 nm)/Si substrate shows within the same order, implying reasonable uniformity of WS<SUB>2</SUB> FET device characteristics over a large area of 3 × 1.5 cm<SUP>2</SUP>.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2015/ancac3.2015.9.issue-5/acsnano.5b01529/production/images/medium/nn-2015-01529j_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn5b01529'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

스쿠버 다이버들의 안전감압정지 불이행에 대한 원인탐색

강은석(Kang Eun-Seok),임현수(Lim Hyun-Soo),강지현(Kang Ji-Hyun),문영제(Mun Yong-Jae) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

This study has been conducted in the field, not in the library, as to why scuba divers don't activate precautionary decompression stop system by observation under the water and conducting interviews. With the materials acquired through the interviews, I tried to analyse the reasons along with a group of experts. As a conclusion, I introduced the three criteria for the theme. The first is the environmental factors: the undercurrent, the lack of descending lines, and the attacks of jelly fish. For these, they need to install the decompression stage, use the diving sausage, and wear suits and hoods appropriate for the surrounding conditions so that no problems arise even when the precautionary decompression stop system malfunctions. The second is the psychological factors: the anxiety arising from the excessive use of depressed air, the problems with colleagues, the anxiety arising from the dim sights and the noise out of boats' engines, and the insensitivity out of mannerism as a long-experienced expert of scuba diving. It is analysed that these problems can be largely solved out by the exercise of how to control the air, the recognition of how important buddy divings are, the practice of calmness under precarious environments and the skills of checking gear and gauge, and, most importantly, being alert through the education about the accident cases to recognize how important the device is. The third is the institutional factors: the lax training disciplines caused by the well-intention of guides and instructors trying to help their club members, the lack of proper educational standards, and the lack of proper screening process to single out the instructors with the low level of skills. Throughout these efforts, it is expected that the trust between club members and instructors will be restored, the instructors will try harder, the education centering on the problem-solving will set in place, the feed-back system to reeducate the instructors will be offered, throughout which the overall quality of diving will improve.

Highly efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets as electrode interlayer

Yeo, Jun-Seok,Kang, Rira,Lee, Sehyun,Jeon, Ye-Jin,Myoung, NoSoung,Lee, Chang-Lyoul,Kim, Dong-Yu,Yun, Jin-Mun,Seo, You-Hyun,Kim, Seok-Soon,Na, Seok-In Elsevier 2015 Nano energy Vol.12 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We demonstrate a simple solution and room-temperature processed reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as a novel hole-transporting material (HTM) to guarantee highly efficient and highly stable CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB> perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). The effects of RGO HTM are systemically investigated in terms of PeSC efficiency, PeSC stability, morphology of perovskite film, recombination dynamics, and charge-transport through CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB>/HTM interface. The resultant PeSC with a planar configuration of glass/ITO/RGO/CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB>/PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM/bathocuproine (BCP)/Ag exhibits improved device efficiency (maximum PCE of 10.8%) with high reproducibility than those of the reference devices using conventional PEDOT:PSS and GO HTMs. Also, the RGO-based PeSCs show highly desirable device stability in comparison to the PEDOT:PSS PeSCs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells are developed using solution and room-temperature processed RGO. </LI> <LI> The resultant PeSC with planar architecture depicts a superior device efficiency (10.8%) to PEDOT:PSS- and GO-based solar cells. </LI> <LI> The use of RGO HTMs with the inherent passivation ability greatly extended the cell-operation time compared to PeSCs with PEDOT:PSS. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effects of Dolomite and Oyster Shell on Nitrogen Processes in an Acidic Mine Soil Applied with Livestock Manure Compost

Seok-In Yun,Dong-Hyuk Seo,Ho Sang Kang,Hyocheng Cheng,Gunteak Lee,Woo-Jung Choi,Chang-Kyu Lee,Mun Ho Jung 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.5

Mine soils are usually unfavorable for plant growth due to their acidic condition and low contents of organic matter and nutrients. To investigate the effect of organic material and lime on nitrogen processes in an acidic metal mine soil, we conducted an incubation experiment with treating livestock manure compost, dolomite, and oyster shell and measured soil pH, dehydrogenase activity, and concentration of soil inorganic N (NH₄<SUP>+</SUP> and NO₃<SUP>-</SUP>). Compost increased not nly soil inorganic N concentration, but also soil pH from 4.4 to 4.8 and dehydrogenase activity from 2.4 to 3.9 μg TPF g<SUP>-1</SUP> day<SUP>-1</SUP>. Applying lime with compost significantly (P<0.05) increased soil pH (5.9-6.4) and dehydrogenase activity (4.3-7.0 μg TPF g<SUP>-1</SUP> day<SUP>-1</SUP>) compared with applying only compost. Here, the variation in dehydrogenase activity was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with that in soil pH. Soil inorganic N decreased with time by 14 days after treatment (DAT) due to N immobilization, but increased with time after 14 DAT. At 28 DAT, soil inorganic N was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the lime treatments than the only compost treatment. Especially the enhanced dehydrogenase activity in the lime treatments would increase soil inorganic N due to the favored mineralization of organic matter. Although compost and lime increased soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity, ammonia oxidation still proceeded slowly. We concluded that compost and lime in acidic mine soils could increase soil microbial activity and inorganic N concentration, but considerable ammonium could remain for a relatively long time.