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The Environmental Policy Stringency in Taiwan and Its Challenges on Green Economy Transition
Mu-Xing Lin,Tsung-Yi Lee,Kuei-Tien Chou 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2018 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.47 No.3
With the aim of promoting green economic transition on a national level, this study applies the environmental policy stringency index, developed by OECD, to analyse Taiwan’s energy policies between 1990 and 2015, and compare results with those of other OECD countries. After examining the institutional foundation and regulatory tools in Taiwan’s green economy transition, we found that green transition in Taiwan currently faces eight major challenges in common with other OECD member states. We argue that the government of Taiwan needs to make adjustments to its environmental policy or follow OECD trends and strengthen environmental regulations. However, we also argue that the goal of green economic transition will never be easy to reach as long as a nation remains heavily dependent on “non-market mechanisms.” The establishment of the OECD environmental policy stringency provides an international standard by which individual countries can compare themselves to measure their development.
Zong-Xing Zhang,Shan-Hua Xu,Lin Mu,Sheng-Yuan Peng 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.7
To investigate the flexural behavior of corroded steel beams strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate, flexural test of five steel beams were carried out. The effects of corrosion and prestressing force levels on the flexural capacity, failure modes and interfacial stress were investigated. Meanwhile, considering the corrosion surface the calculation method of flexural capacity of corroded beams strengthened by CFRP plate was also established. The results showed that failure modes of corroded beams were the fracture of the CFRP plate after the shear failure of interface on the mid-span and fracture location of CFRP plate was mostly at the loading point. The rough surface of the corroded steel can enhance the efficiency of stress transfer at the interface, thereby improving the effective bond length of the interface. The shear stress was mainly concentrated on the CFRP plate end, and peak value appeared at the loading point. Compared the reference beam, the ultimate flexural capacity of the corroded beam strengthened by CFRP plate with 15% prestress level increased at a ratio of 21%, and utilization ratio of the CFRP plates was up to 71.59%.
Ning Xue,Jian-Hua Lin,Shan Xing,Dan Liu,Shi-Bing Li,Yan-Zhen Lai,Xue-Ping Wang,Min-Jie Mao,Qian Zhong,Mu-Sheng Zeng,Wan-Li Liu 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.1
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify novel plasma biomarkers for distinguishing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients from healthy individuals who have positive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA-IgA). Materials and Methods One hundred seventy-four plasma cytokines were analyzed by a Cytokine Array in eight healthy individuals with positive EBV VCA-IgA and eight patients with NPC. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the expression levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) in NPC cell lines and tumor tissues. Plasma MIF and CCL3 were measured by ELISA in 138 NPC patients, 127 EBV VCA-IgA negative (VN) and 100 EBV VCA-IgA positive healthy donors (VP). Plasma EBV VCA-IgA was determined by immunoenzymatic techniques. Results Thirty-four of the 174 cytokines varied significantly between the VP and NPC group. Plasma MIF and CCL3 were significantly elevated in NPC patients compared with VN and VP. Combination of MIF and CCL3 could be used for the differential diagnosis of NPC from VN cohort (area under the curve [AUC], 0.913; sensitivity, 90.00%; specificity, 80.30%), and combination of MIF, CCL3, and VCA-IgA could be used for the differential diagnosis of NPC from VP cohort (AUC, 0.920; sensitivity, 90.00%; specificity, 84.00%), from (VN+VP) cohort (AUC, 0.961; sensitivity, 90.00%; specificity, 92.00%). Overexpressions of MIF and CCL3 were observed in NPC plasma, NPC cell lines and NPC tissues. Conclusion Plasma MIF, CCL3, and VCA-IgA combination significantly improves the diagnostic specificity of NPC in high-risk individuals.
Upregulation of MicroRNA 181c Expression in Gastric Cancer Tissues and Plasma
Cui, Mei-Hua,Hou, Xiao-Lin,Lei, Xiao-Yan,Mu, Fang-Hong,Yang, Gui-Bin,Yue, Lin,Fu, Yi,Yi, Guo-Xing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5
Objective: To test the microRNA-181c (miR-181c) expression in tissues and plasma of gastric cancer (GC) cases, analyze any correlations, and explore the possibility of miR-181c as a potential molecular marker for GC diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Relative miR-181c expression levels in cancers and plasma from 30 GC patients was tested using reverse transcription-real-time fluorescent quantitation PCR and compared to that in samples from 30 gastric ulcer and 30 chronic gastritis patients. Results: The miR-181c expression level in the GC tissues was significantly higher than that in the gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis tissues (P = 0.000), as was the miR-181c expression level in the GC plasma (P = 0.000). We determined that miR-181c expression in GC plasma was positively correlated to its expression in the GC tissues (P = 0.000). Conclusions: The expression of miR-181c is upregulated in GC tissues and plasma, and the miR-181c expression level in GC plasma is positively correlated to that in the corresponding cancer tissues. Plasma miR-181c is possibly a new serological marker for GC diagnosis.