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A Cosmopolitan Approach to Transboundary Risk Governance in East Asia
Kuei Tien Chou,Yun Hsiang Lin,Jui Ning Chang 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2022 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.51 No.3
This paper points out that while genetically modified organisms (GMOs), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and the Fukushima nuclear disaster that respectively occurred in the three East Asian countries of Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan, resulted in the emergence of compulsory cosmopolitanism, from the perspective of cross-border and transnational action. Although these countries all have full social movements domestically, a failure to develop connections between their organizations has resulted in these countries not yet seeing the emergence of cosmopolitan risk collectivities and a regional risk community. The authors explain that these countries have a common historical background of authoritarian politics, with all three possessing the structural factors of expert politics, scientific hegemony, and economic developmentalism. Such conditions formulate the hidden ignorance of risk and stagnates transformation. Therefore, not only are we yet to see any transnational connections between the NGOs in East Asia but there is also an emerging “hung risk governance.”
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Reflexive Risk Governance in Newly Industrialized Countries
KUEI TIEN CHOU 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2009 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.38 No.1
This article compares the risk policies of GMO and issues on genetic medicine in Taiwan and the Republic of Korea as the thesis of developmental state. Through an analysis of strategic investment, R&D construction and incentives for biotech and biomedicine, we discuss the fact that the role of developmental states has never faded in the fields of economics and technology. On the contrary, both the developmental states and their societies have simultaneously encountered transformative challenges of governance capacity and social trust since the beginning of 2000. In the case of GMO in Taiwan in early 2000, technocrats ignored and concealed technological risks involving serious scientific, ethical and social disputes, even delaying risk governance. And society weakened its scrutinizing capacity. This structural phenomenon leads to a risk culture of delays and cover-ups. In contrast, South Korea prompted the state to be proactive in risk regulation with its active social movements and media reports. Thus, the public was aware of GMO risks. Unlike the relative silence surrounding the 2005 stem cell scandal of Dr. Huang Woo-suk in South Korea, social movement groups in Taiwan paid strong attention to the risks associated with the Taiwan Biobank and criticized the government’s policy on technology over genetic medicine disputes. A comparison between these two cases makes us see that both the government and civil society have been undergoing transformation in newly industrializing countries. Proponents of bringing the state back in” seek to reinstate the government’s ability for governance and problem-solving in areas such as social injustice caused by globalization. It shows that if the state is still limited by a narrow positivistic regulatory science that prioritizes economic and industrial development, the state’s role becomes contradictory in the sense of cosmopolitan risk governance.
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Ta-Hsin Chou,Kuei-Yuan Cheng,Chih-Chieh Su,Tien-Li Chang,Chih-Wei Hsieh,Jen-Hui Tsai 한국정밀공학회 2010 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.11 No.4
The transparent conducting oxide (TCO) film is a significant component in flat panel display industry, applied for flexible display, e-paper, and touch panel. The TCO materials have high refractive index, so the phenomenon of high reflectance is the major issue and needs solved in present and future market. In this study, the structure and process of new lower reflection TCO hybrid film is introduced. The laser interference lithography and UV nanoimprint are combined for fabrication of sub-wavelength structures on PET film, then the tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) deposited on structures. Finally, the best result of this hybrid film is reflectance reduced to 3.3% at wavelength 550nm, just 13% of the original film, and the resistance of ITO layer is 1.05x10-3 Ω-cm. This result is useful for the TCO film applied in low reflection demand products in the future.
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The Environmental Policy Stringency in Taiwan and Its Challenges on Green Economy Transition
Mu-Xing Lin,Tsung-Yi Lee,Kuei-Tien Chou 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2018 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.47 No.3
With the aim of promoting green economic transition on a national level, this study applies the environmental policy stringency index, developed by OECD, to analyse Taiwan’s energy policies between 1990 and 2015, and compare results with those of other OECD countries. After examining the institutional foundation and regulatory tools in Taiwan’s green economy transition, we found that green transition in Taiwan currently faces eight major challenges in common with other OECD member states. We argue that the government of Taiwan needs to make adjustments to its environmental policy or follow OECD trends and strengthen environmental regulations. However, we also argue that the goal of green economic transition will never be easy to reach as long as a nation remains heavily dependent on “non-market mechanisms.” The establishment of the OECD environmental policy stringency provides an international standard by which individual countries can compare themselves to measure their development.
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