간경변 및 간암과 혈청 구리와 아연농도와의 관련성

현명수,서석권,윤능기,이종영,이승훈,이무식,Hyun, Myung-Soo,Suh, Suk-Kwon,Yoon, Nung-Ki,Lee, Jong-Young,Lee, Seoung-Hoon,Lee, Mu-Sik 대한예방의학회 1992 예방의학회지 Vol.25 No.2

현재까지도 완전히 규명되지 못한 간질환과 혈청 구리 및 아연농도와의 관련성을 밝히고, 이들의 진단적 가치를 알아보고자 1990년 10월에서 1991년 8월 사이에 대구시 소재 모 대학병원 내과와 건강진단센터에 내원한 사람들 중에서 무작위로 선정한 정상 63명, 간경변 60명 그리고 간암 33명을 대상으로 일반적 특성을 조사하였고, 체내 일일 변동을 고려하여 공복시 오전 9시에서 11시 사이에 혈액을 채취하여 간기능검사의 생화학적 표지자와 혈청 구리 및 아연농도의 분석에 사용하였다. 혈청 구리의 평균농도는 대조군 $91.97{\pm}4.76{\mu}g/dl$, 간경화군 $106.21{\pm}2.73{\mu}g/dl$ 그리고 간암군 $127.05{\pm}0.77{\mu}g/dl$이었고, 대조군과 간경화군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 간경화군과 간암군사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 아연에 있어서는 대조군 $110.82{\pm}7.24{\mu}g/dl$,간경화군 $68.10{\pm}5.43{\mu}g/dl$ 그리고 간암군 $63.78{\pm}2.20{\mu}g/dl$로 나타났고, 간경화군과 간암군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 대조군과는 두 군 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). Cu/Zn비는 세 군 사이에 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 간기능검사의 생화학적 표지자들 중에 총 단백, 알부민, ALP 그리고 총 빌리루빈은 세 군 간에 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p<0.05), ALT와 AST의 간경화군과 간암군 간의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고, 직접 빌리루빈은 대조군에 대해 간암군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 헐청 구리와 아연농도 그리고 Cu/Zn비와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보인 표지자는 세 군에서 다양하게 나타났다. 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석에서 간경화 및 간암에 대한 odds ratio는 혈청 아연농도만이 각각 0.951, 0.952로 통계적으로 유의하였고(p<0.05), 혈 청 구리 농도와 Cu/Zn비는 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 세 군에 대한 판별분석에서 구분을 위한 주요변수로 선정된 것은 알부민, ALP, 혈청 아연농도, 나이 그리고 총 빌리루빈이었고, 이를 적용하여 판별한 결과 바른구분의 백분율은 대조군 95.4%, 간경변군 73.4%, 간암군 75.7%로 총 84.0% 였다. 본 연구는 아연이 간질환에 대해 독립적으로도 억제하는 효과가 있을 것이며, 혈청 아연농도의 측정은 간질환의 진단에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것임을 시사하고 있다고 생각된다. This study was done to identify the association between serum copper and zinc levels and the cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), and to evaluate its diagnostic value on liver diseases. Sixty-three healthy persons, 60 patients with cirrhosis and 33 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were rendomly selected and investigated for their general characteristics from October 1990 to August 1991. For analysis of the biochemical markers in liver function test and the serum copper and zinc levels, their fasting venous blood were sampled at 9:00 to 11:00 in the morning and centrifuged to separate the serum within one hour. All the samples were immediately analysed for biochemical markers and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ in polypropylene tubes further copper and zinc analysis. Mean of serum coppper levels was $91.97{\pm}4.76{\mu}g/dl$ in control, $106.21{\pm}2.73{\mu}g/dl$ in cirrhosis and $127.05{\pm}0.77{\mu}g/dl$ in HCC. The value of HCC was statistically significantly higher than that of the control and cirrhosis(p<0.05). Serum zinc levels were $110.82{\pm}7.24{\mu}g/dl$ in control, $68.10{\pm}5.43{\mu}g/dl$ in cirrhosis and $63.78{\pm}2.20{\mu}g/dl$ in HCC. The values of cirrhosis and HCC were statistically significantly lower than that of control(p<0.05). The Cu/Zn ratio was statiatically significantly different among three groups(p<0.05). Test total protein, albumin, ALP and total bilirubin of biochemical markers of liver function were statistically significantly different among three groups(p<0.05). Differences between cirrhosis and HCC for ALT and AST, and between the control and HCC for direct bilirubin were not statistically significant. Biochemical markers statistically significantly correlated with serum copper and zinc levels and Cu/Zn ratio(p<0.05), were variable in three groups. In multiple logistic regression, odds ratio of serum copper level and Cu/Zn ratio had no statistical significance on the cirrhosis and the HCC, but that of serum sinc was statistically significant as 0.951 and 0.952(p<0.05). Serum copper and zinc levels and Cu/Zn ratio were not statistically significantly different between the cirrhosis and HCC. H\Albumin, ALP, zinc, total bilirubin and age among all variables were selected as main variables for three-group discriminant analysis. Percentage of 'grouped' cases correctly classified by these five variables was 98.4 for control, 73.4 for cirrhosis, 75.7 for HCC and 84.0 for all subjects. This study suggests that zinc level is considered to play a role as diagnostic marker on the hepatic disorders and be more useful than serum copper level and Cu/Zn ratio in diagnosis of the liver diseases.

Risk Assessment of 5-Chloro-2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-One/2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-One (CMIT/MIT) Used as a Preservative in Cosmetics

Kim, Min Kook,Kim, Kyu-Bong,Lee, Joo Young,Kwack, Seung Jun,Kwon, Yong Chan,Kang, Ji Soo,Kim, Hyung Sik,Lee, Byung-Mu Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.2

The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MIT), CMIT/MIT, is a preservative in cosmetics. CMIT/MIT is a highly effective preservative; however, it is also a commonly known skin sensitizer. Therefore, in the present study, a risk assessment for safety management of CMIT/MIT was conducted on products containing 0.0015% of CMIT/MIT, which is the maximum MIT level allowed in current products. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for CMIT/MIT was 2.8 mg/kg bw/day obtained from a two-generation reproductive toxicity test, and the skin sensitization toxicity standard value for CMIT/MIT, or the no expected sensitization induction level (NESIL), was $1.25{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ in humans. According to a calculation of body exposure to cosmetics use, the systemic exposure dosage (SED) was calculated as 0.00423 mg/kg bw/day when leave-on and rinse-off products were considered. Additionally, the consumer exposure level (CEL) amounted to $0.77512{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for all representative cosmetics and $0.00584{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for rinse-off products only. As a result, the non-cancer margin of safety (MOS) was calculated as 633, and CMIT/MIT was determined to be safe when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. In addition, the skin sensitization acceptable exposure level (AEL)/CEL was calculated as 0.00538 for all representative cosmetics and 2.14225 for rinse-off products; thus, CMIT/MIT was considered a skin sensitizer when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. Current regulations indicate that CMIT/MIT can only be used at concentrations 0.0015% or less and is prohibited from use in other cosmetics products. According to the results of this risk assessment, the CMIT/MIT regulatory values currently used in cosmetics are evaluated as appropriate.

A New Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, MHY219, Inhibits the Migration of Human Prostate Cancer Cells via HDAC1

De, Umasankar,Kundu, Soma,Patra, Nabanita,Ahn, Mee Young,Ahn, Ji Hae,Son, Ji Yeon,Yoon, Jung Hyun,Moon, Hyung Ryoung,Lee, Byung Mu,Kim, Hyung Sik The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2015 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.23 No.5

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are considered novel agents for cancer chemotherapy. We previously investigated MHY219, a new HDAC inhibitor, and its potent anticancer activity in human prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we evaluated MHY219 molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of prostate cancer cell migration. Similar to suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), MHY219 inhibited HDAC1 enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. MHY219 cytotoxicity was higher in LNCaP ($IC_{50}=0.67{\mu}M$) than in DU145 cells ($IC_{50}=1.10{\mu}M$) and PC3 cells ($IC_{50}=5.60{\mu}M$) after 48 h of treatment. MHY219 significantly inhibited the HDAC1 protein levels in LNCaP and DU145 cells at high concentrations. However, inhibitory effects of MHY219 on HDAC proteins levels varied based on the cell type. MHY219 significantly inhibited LNCaP and DU145 cells migration by down-regulation of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-2 and induction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). These results suggest that MHY219 may potentially be used as an anticancer agent to block cancer cell migration through the repression of MMP-1 and MMP-2, which is related to the reduction of HDAC1.

폐좌상시 폐단락률과 PEEP치료의 효과

김영식,황성오,최경훈,안무업,오중환,임경수,윤정환,강성준 大韓應急醫學會 1992 대한응급의학회지 Vol.3 No.1

To evaluate the physiologic extent of pulmonary contusion and effect of PEEP therapy for pulmonary contusion, we studied 16 patients received PEEP therapy with pulmonary contusion from nonpenetrating chest trauma. Hemodynamic parameters including pulmonary vascular resistance index and intrapulmonary shunt fraction were calculated from standard measurement, and arterial oxygen tension was measured. Pulmonary vascular resistance index and intrapulmonary shunt fraction were increased in patient group. Arterial oxygen tension was decreased with increase of the intrapulmonary shunt fraction(R=0.75). Arter minimal PEEP therap(5-10 ㎝H₂O), pulmonary vascular resistance index was remained unchanged and intrapulmonary shunt fraction was decreased without significant changes of pulmonary hemodynamics. Increment of arterial tension was increased with decrease of intrapulmonary shunt fraction(R=0.43). Decreased stroke volume index suggested of cardiac injury such as cardiac contusion in patient group. These results of our study suggested that increased intrapulmonary shunt fraction caused arterial hypoxia in pulmonary contusion and arterial oxygen tension was increased as a result of reduced intrapulmonary shunt by PEEP therapy.

학교시설 건립에 있어 CM적용 필요성에 관한 연구

김의식,김근수,김무오 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2004 建設技術硏究 Vol.24 No.2

This study aims to find out demand areas of CM by examining the progresses of various service areas for the conceptual framework of CM suitable to construction environment of school facilities and recognition and needs of construction business management and present the basic information to construction business managers. Consequently, such problems as practical application of cost for design and construction and demand and supply of materials were pointed out in the side of construction executor based on sufficient budget and supports for the construction and design. As a result of questionnaire, it was found that design change factors according to progress included changes of field conditions and degree of opinion adjustment in the part of constructor and changes by customers' personal intentions in the part of designer. As a result of examining the degree of recognition and needs of construction business management, most of respondents showed affirmative responses on recogniton of construction business management, employment of constuction business manager and its application in building school facilities and in particular constructors showed a high affirmative opinions. Accordingly, it will be important that the need and importance of construction business management in building school facilities should be emphasized to customers, its expected effects should be published, professional technologies should be equipped for ensuring more demanders and service demands by each area should be explored.

2004년 부동산 보유세제 개편논의

李東植,金武烈 慶北大學校 法學硏究所 2004 법학논고 Vol.21 No.-

Der koreanische Gesetzgeber versucht eine umfangreiche Gesetzesanderung zur Bildung des neuen Grundbesitzsteuersystems im Jahr 2004. Zum Kern der Anderung kommen die neue Gestaltung der bisherigen Grundbesitzsteuern und die Einfuhrung einer neuen Steuerart, also die synthetische Grundbesitzsteuer. Diese Steuer ist anders als die jetzigen Grundbesitzsteuer keine Kommunalsteuer, sondern eine einheitliche Steuer("national tax"). Durch dieses neue System wollte die Regierung die Senkung des Grundpreises und Korrigieren der jetzigen ungleichen Steuerlasten im Bereich der Grundbesitzsteuer ezielen. Die Autoren erlautern den einzelnen Inhalt der Gesetzesanderung und uben einige Kritik am neuen System.

자연산 숭어(Mugil cephalus)의 Myxobolus sp. 감염증

김위식,이무근,박경희,정성주,오명주 한국어병학회 2003 한국어병학회지 Vol.16 No.1

2002년 2월 광양만에서 자연 서식하는 숭어에서 폐사가 발생하였다. 그 폐사 원인을 조사하는 과정에서 Myxobolus sp.의 감염을 확인하여, 본 연구에서는 병리조직학적 검사를 통한 Myxobolus sp.의 감염증을 보고하게 되었다. Myxobolus sp.의 cyst는 숭어의 장간막, 간, 아가미 및 인두낭에서 관찰되었으며, 병리조직학적 검사에서 Myxobolus sp.의 전신감염을 확인할 수 있었다. 감염 충체는 길이 10-12 ㎛, 폭 9-10 ㎛, 두께 6.4-7.2 ㎛의 크기로서 체내에 길이 4-5.2 ㎛, 폭 2.5-3.3 ㎛의 2개의 극낭을 가지고 있었다. The mortality of wild mullet, Mugil cephalus was detected in Kwang-Yang bay on February, 2002. The mullet were infected with Myxobolus sp., the cysts of Myxobolus sp. were found in the mesentery, liver, gill and pharyngeal pocket. The histological findings suggested a systemic infection by the Myxobolus sp.. The spores were measured 10-12 (10.9)㎛ in length, 9-10 (9.4) ㎛ in width, 6.4-7.2 (6.8) ㎛ in thickness, with polar capsules of 4-5.2 (4.4) ㎛ in length and 2.5-3.3 (2.9) ㎛ in width.

大學敎育에서 이데올로기批判敎育 模型開發에 關한 硏究

金武吉,朴天植,朴承基 全北大學校 學生生活硏究所 1984 學生生活硏究 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study is to present an educational model for improving college students' critical understanding as to the current various ideological trends. In the first, the characteristics of ideology, and the necessity of education to criticize ideologies are examined. In the second, the formation and the functions of ideological groups, and the characteristics of college student activities are examined. In the third, the current status of college guidance services and content of instruction to criticize various ideologies and the variables for evaluation of educational effects are examined, too. Finally, the educational model and its stratigies for improving college students' abilities to criticize various ideologies are formulated based on the discussion in the chapter Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1) It is necessary to develop the educational programs for improving college students' abilities to criticize ideological distortion by means of the subsystems affecting the behaviors of student activists. The primary subsystems are students' personalities and the immediate situation as determinants of political behaviors. The secondary subsystems are his immediate social contacts, such as family, neighbours, schools, and the larger social milieu. 2) The guidance stratigies for students to criticize the ideological distortion have to be organized on the bases of the cumulative findings of the human sciences of our time. 3) The main causes of the most problems of college students' ideological distortion are related to the needs such as love, self-actualization, and knowing. And the causes of a few problems are related to the physiological and self-esteem needs. The facts stated above have to be taken into account in the establishment of educational objectives in colleges. 4) Most of the existing guidance services are carried out by the general professors. In order to improve the guidance services for the student activists, the guidance specialists need to participate more actively to alter the students' maladaptive behaviors, especially to help the students control over their psychological problems. 5) To prevent the student activists' maladaptive behaviors, the students should understand that ideology consists of distorted ideas about a social system, and that the democratic society is the self-revising system.

大學生性格特性 및 生活環境變因과 進路計劃의 相關硏究

金武吉,朴鎭玹,李永植 全北大學校 學生生活硏究所 1984 學生生活硏究 Vol.12 No.-

This study was intended to factor our the principal elements of the students' career planning for the use of students' career guidance. The subjects were 200 freshmen of the Jeonbuk National University. The study has been carried out through the following processes. 1. To identify the variables important in career planning on the bases of current theories of career development, 2. To identify the subvariables of individual traits and planned career achievement. 3. To develop a questionnaire to measure individual traits and planned career achievement based on the identified subvariables, 4. To standardize the questionnaire for the use of investigated results of students' values and planned career achievement, 5. To examine the correlation between students' individual traits and career planning for the provision with the general students' guidance model. The findings are summerized as below ; 1. Forth-one variables to be considered in career guidance were identified from the students' cumulative recording variables of the Guidance Center of Chon-buk National University, 2. The subvariables of individual efforts after his planned career were identified as shown in Table-5. 3. The questionnaire on individual traits and career achievement based on Table-5 was prepared as shown in Appendix Ⅲ. 4. The norms for the use of the investigated results of students' values and planned career achievement were shown in Table-6 and Table-7, 5. Nineteen factors were found significant enough in accounting for the variation of the input variables such as planned career achievement, individual traits, and so on. The 19 factors were as follow; (1) Factor Ⅰ included the variables of physical health and personality, economic matters, academic achievement, recreation, marriage in General Life Adjustment scale, and interpersonal relationships and security in Planned Career Achievement Scale. It was named "Self-control for Self-actualization". (2) Factor Ⅱ included the variables of family relations, social relations, conformity, adjustment to reality, mood, emotional stability, and leadership in Personality Inventory in addition to the variables, irrational thinking, negative thinking, and neurotic behavior. It was named "Personality Traits". (3) Factor Ⅲ included verbal reasoning, arithmatic reasoning, numerical reasoning, and figural reasoning variable in Intelligence scale. It was named "Reasoning". (4) Factor Ⅳ included the variables of independence, achievement, authority, helpfulness, security, and learning in Value Scale. It was named "Value Traits". (5) Factor Ⅴ included the variables of father's education and economic status, cultural facilities in the Questionnaire of Life Environment. It was named "Socio-economic Status of Home". (6) Factor Ⅵ included the variables of decision-making, cognition and self-appraisal in Planned Career Achievement Scale. It was named "Career Confidence". (7) Factor Ⅶ included the variables of validity in Personality Inventory and the lie score in MMQ. it was named "Openness Traits". (8) Factor Ⅷ included the variables of parental absences in the Questionnaire of Life Environment and negative thinking and aggressivensess in Emotional Scale. It was named "Negative Attitude". (9) Factor Ⅸ included the variables of consideration for major, self-concept, socio-economic values, interpersonal relationships, physical demands, and security in Planned Career Achievement Scale. It was named "Considerations in Decision-making". (10) Factor Ⅹ included the variables of data-collection and realizing self-willful purposes. It was named "Decision-making and Data-collection". (11) Factor XI included the variables of harmonious relationships, conformity, adaptability, and emotional stability in Personality Inventories. It was named "Early Experience and Personality Traits". (12) Factor XII included the variables of satisfaction with highschool experience in Student-life Adjustment Scale and independence variable in Values Test. It was named "Highschool Satisfaction and Independence". (13) Factor XIII included the variables of word usage, verbal reasoning, and figural reasoning. It was named "Verbal Ability". (14) Factor XIV included the variables of academic achievement, friendship with opposite sex, career planning and values in the Questionnaire of Life Environment and the variable of present efforts for planned career achievement, data-collection and self-evaluation in Planned Career Achievement Scale. It was named "The Efforts for the Planned Career Achievement". (15) Factor XV included the one variable of home in Student-life Adjustment Scale. It was named "The Efforts for the Development of Home". (16) Factor XVI included the one variable of friend in Student-life Adjustment Scale. It was named "The Efforts for Harmonious Relationship with Friend". (17) Factor XVII included the one variable of place of growing-up in the questionnaire of Life Environment. It was named "The Place of Growing-up". (18) Factor XVIII included the variables of irrational thinking in Personality Inventories and physical environment in Planned Career Achievement Scale. It was named "Irrational Thinking". (19) Factor XIX included the sex variable of Student-life Adjustment Scale. It was named "Sexual Urge".

아침형과 저녁형 사람에서 야간의 졸리움, 수행 및 체온의 비교

윤진상,국승희,신일선,신만식,최영,이무석,이형영 大韓睡眠-精神生理學會 1994 수면·정신생리 Vol.1 No.1