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3차원 뇌자기공명영상을 이용한 강박증의 뇌형태학적 연구
공석원,송인창,한문희,장기현,류인균,권준수 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6
연구 목적 : 강박증의 생물학적 원인으로 전두엽-선조체 회로의 이상이 알려져 있다. 그러나 형태학적 뇌영상을 이용한 기존의 연구는 전두엽과 미상핵의 용적 변화에 대한 일관된 결과가 없었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선형변환을 통한 반자동화된 방법을 이용하여 뇌의 각부위에 대한 형태학적 연구를 위하여 시행되었다. 방 법 : DSM-IV의 기준에 의해 진단한 13명의 강박증 환자와 9명의 정상대조군을 대상으로 하였다. 3차원 뇌자기공명영상을 Spoiled gradient-recalled(SPGR)법으로 얻었다. 3차원으로 재구성된 뇌자기공명영상을 Talairach와 Tournoux의 표준화 좌표에 공간적 정위시킨 후 회질과 백직을 반자동화된 방법으로 분리하였다. 죄표에 의거한 뇌엽의 각 부위에 대한 용적 측정을 하고, 미상핵은 수기로 구획한 후 용적측정을 하였다. 전두엽은 Brodman 의 영역에 의거하여 좌표계에 따른 분할을 하여 배외측전두엽, 안와전두엽, 내측전두엽으로 분할 구획하여 용적을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 강박증군에서 전두엽 회질의 용적이 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다. 다른 부위의 회질과 백질 그리고 미상핵의 용적은 차이가 없었다. 편측성에 의한 차이도 없었으며, 임상적 심각도와 상관관계는 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 강박증군에서 전두엽의 용적 증가를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 이것은 기존 연구 중 일부에서 전두엽과 미상핵의 용적 감소를 보고했던 것과 차이가 있다. 강박증이 만성화되고 일정기간 이상이지나 구조적 변화가 오기 전까지 오히려 대사와 혈류 증가에 따른 회질 용적 증가가 관찰되는 것이라 생각된다. Objectives: Neurobiological models for obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) have consistently Implicated prefrontal-striatal circuits in the pathophysiology of this disorder. But, prior studies have inconsistently found alteration in caudate and frontal lobe volumes in patients with OCD. This study was undertaken in the hope that semi-automated linear transformation methods would elucidate the morphometric differences of various parts of brain between OCD and normal control group. Methods : Thirteen parients meeting the DSM-IV criteria fro OCD, and 9 psychiatrically normal comparison subjects participated in the study. 3-D brain MRIs using Spoiled gradient-recalled(SPGR) sequence were acquired for each subjects. After spatially normalized according to Talairach and Tournoux's coordinates, the gray and white matters were segmented by semi-automated methods using fuzzy algorithm. Each lobal volumes was measured according to Talairach and Tournoux's coordinates, and the region of interests of caudate nuclei was manually traced. The frontal lobe was divided into 3 subregions ; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbital frontal cortex, mesial frontal cortex accoring to the coordinates and Broadman's cytoarchitectonics. Results : Only the volume of left and right frontal gray matter showed a significant difference between OCD and normal subjects. In OCD, the frontal gray matter volume was increased in tendency. There's no difference in laterality and no coorelation with clinical severities. Conclusion : Findings of increased frontal gray matter volumes in patients implicate a structural abnormality of these brain regions in the pathophysiology of OCD. The increased frontl gray matter volumes reflect a epiphenomena due to increased cerebral blood flows and metabolic rates before the structural changes may occur.
국가 음악과 교육과정에 기초한 초·중등학교 음악예술프로그램 적용
석문주,권덕원,최은식,최미영,김명숙,박장미,손미현,정지혜 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육과학연구소 2011 교육과학연구 Vol.42 No.2
In order to increase opportunities for students to enjoy the musical arts, it is necessary to develop musical arts programs that are based on students’ interests and the national (or provincial) curriculum, that can be systematically and effectively supported by teachers. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to develop those musical arts, carry out the programs in one elementary school and one middle school from October to December 2011, and analyze each implementation. For the analysis, lesson videos, students’ worksheets, in-depth interviews with students, teachers, and teaching artists, and lesson plans were collected. The conclusions and implications are as follows: 1) the role and meaning of musical arts programs based on national curriculum were more highlighted; 2) students could have great depth of aesthetic experience by the means of direct contact with professional musicians and concrete musical experience; 3) the role of music mediators and its importance was magnified; 4) there was a positive change in the musical preferences and attitudes of students with regard to the musical artsprograms. 본 연구는 학생들의 음악 예술 향수기회 확대를 위해 학생들의 흥미와 국가 교육과 정을 중심으로 하는 ‘현장성’, 교사들의 음악 교육을 효과적으로 지원할 수 있는 ‘체계성’, 그리고 음악 예술 전문가들과 학교 사이에 꾸준히 실행될 수 있는 ‘지속성’을 갖춘 음악예술프로그램을 2010년 10월부터 12월까지 초등학교와 중학교에 적용하고 그 결과를 분석하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 수업 동영상, 학생 활동지, 학생과 교사 심층인터뷰, 강사 인터뷰, 수업안 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결론은 첫째, 국가 교육과정을 반영한 음악 예술프로그램의 역할과 의미가 더욱 확장되었다. 둘째, 음악가들과의 직접적인 만남과 구체적인 예술적 체험을 통하여 학생들은 이전과 비교될 수 없는 ‘깊이 있는 미적 경험’을 하게 되었다. 셋째, 음악메디에이터의 역할이 부각되었다. 넷째, 음악예술프로그램을 통하여 학생들에게 음악에 대한 삶의 변화가 있었다.
문맥압 항진과 식도 정맥류 출혈을 동반한 Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia 1예
장지정,오기원,김정아,최종영,문찬수,서정민,한석원,심규식,백남종,김부성 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.5
저자들은 식도정맥류 파열에 의한 위장관 출혈로 입원한 70세 여자환자에서 간경변과 문맥 혈전증 소견없이, 문맥압 항진과 심한 간, 비종대가 있으며, 골수 검사 및 비장 절제술 후 조직 검사결과 AMM으로 진단된 환자를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia is a syndrome in which the excessive fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in the bone marrow is accompanied by myeloid metaplasia of organ such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Typically, there is progressive splenomegaly, the gradual replacement of marrow elements by fibrosis, progressive anemla, variable changes in the number of granulocytes and platelets, and leukoerythroblastic peripheral blood picture. Here we report on a case of AMM associated with gastrointestinal bleeding due to ruptured esophageal varices. The portal vein was patent and the cause of portal hypertension was infiltration of liver by immature myeloid and erythroid cells and megakaryocytes.
Jang, Hye Yeon,Kim, Do Hyung,Lee, Haeng Jung,Kim, Won Dong,Kim, Seog-Young,Hwang, Jung Jin,Lee, Seung Jin,Moon, Dae Hyuk Elsevier 2019 Biochemical pharmacology Vol.160 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Combination of MEK inhibitor and 5-FU had showed limited efficacy in clinical trials. We previously reported that acquired resistance to 5-FU was related with continued activation of <I>salvage</I> pathway. Here we investigated whether combination of 5-FU and a MEK inhibitor had treatment sequence-dependent synergistic effects in <I>KRAS</I> or <I>BRAF</I> mutant colon cancer models. Treatment with 5-FU followed by selumetinib (FS) induced highest cell death and synergy compared with reverse (SF) and concomitant (cFS) treatment in six cell lines. SF or cFS combination induced synergy in 1 or 2 cell lines, respectively, in which the synergy was less than that by FS combination. FS enhanced apoptosis and decreased anchorage-independent growth. Induction of thymidine kinase 1, a rate-limiting enzyme in <I>salvage</I> pathway, by 5-FU was abrogated by subsequent treatment with selumetinib, and ERK reactivation after selumetinib was prohibited by pretreatment with 5-FU. FS altered mRNA expression in groups of genes distinct from SF. Administration of 5-FU (10 or 30 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, followed by selumetinib (10 or 25 mg/kg/day) for another 7 days, in colo205 and HCT8 xenograft models significantly decreased tumor growth compared with a single agent. However, co-administration in the reverse sequence did not show the difference in tumor size compared with the treatment of single agent. Decreased expression of Ki67 was observed in tumors from mice treated with FS. Our results suggest that sequential administration of 5-FU plus selumetinib would be a promising strategy for patients having <I>KRAS</I> or <I>BRAF</I> mutant colon cancers.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Fusarisetin A, an Acinar Morphogenesis Inhibitor from a Soil Fungus, Fusarium sp. FN080326
Jang, Jae-Hyuk,Asami, Yukihiro,Jang, Jun-Pil,Kim, Sun-Ok,Moon, Dong Oh,Shin, Kee-Sun,Hashizume, Daisuke,Muroi, Makoto,Saito, Tamio,Oh, Hyuncheol,Kim, Bo Yeon,Osada, Hiroyuki,Ahn, Jong Seog American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.133 No.18
<P>An acinar morphogenesis inhibitor named fusarisetin A (<B>1</B>) that possesses both an unprecedented carbon skeleton and a new pentacyclic ring system has been identified from an in-house fractionated fungal library using a three-dimensional matrigel-induced acinar morphogenesis assay system. The structure of <B>1</B> was determined in detail by NMR and circular dichroism spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, and chemical reaction experiments.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2011/jacsat.2011.133.issue-18/ja1110688/production/images/medium/ja-2010-110688_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja1110688'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>