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장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
양희태,정승일,이영철,윤경아,백승화 한국식품영양학회 2002 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.15 No.1
고삼 메탄올 추출물로부터 분리한 flavonoids를 IR, NMR등의 분광학적인 방법으로 Leachianone A(LA)과 Sophoraflavanone G(SFG)로 동정하였고, 카드뮴의 세포독성효과를 고삼 및 고삼추출물이 방어할 수 있는 지를 검색하기 위하여 NIG 3T3 세포에 고삼 및 LA와 SFG, LA+SFG를 처리하고 MTT assay 및 광학현미경으로 세포의 생존률을 검색하여 다음과 같은 결론은 얻었다. MIT의 흡광도는 카드뮴의 농도에 의존하여 감소하였으며, IC_50인 MTT50은 12.5??이었으며 카드뮴을 IC_50농도로 처리하고 고삼 및 LA, SFG, LA+SFG를 각 화합물의 자체 세포독성을 갖지 않는 농도로 처리한 후 MTT assay로 세포 생존율을 측정한 결과 LA, SFG, LA+SFG 처리군들은 카드뮴 처리군(MTT_50)에 비해 세포생존률이 증가되었으며 이들은 고삼 및 고삼추출물의 농도에 의존적으로 증가되었고 각각의 단일 화합물보다 두 화합물 LA+SFG 병용처리군에서 수복 효과가 더 좋은 것으로 나타났으며 광학현미경적 소견에서도 세포재생이 뚜렷하게 보였다. 이상과 같이 고삼에서 분리한 flavonoids가 카드뮴 독성에 의하여 손상된 NIH 3T3 섬유아세포의 재생효과에 영향이 있는 것으로 판단된다. The aim of this study was to assess the antitoxic compounds, flavanones (Leachinanone A=LA and Sophora flavanone G=SFG), from Sophora flavescents (S. Flavescens). We investigated the possibility of antitoxicity of LA and SFG against NIH 3T3 fibroblasts cell lines using colorimetric MTT[3-(4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5diphenyl-2H-tetra-azolium bromide] assay. The results were as follows : After cadmium was treated against NIH 3T3 cell lines, we determined IC_50. Accordingly we have examined the detoxification effects of S. flavescens, LA and SFG under cadmium IC_50=12.5?? and was carried out to observe morphological changes by the light microscopic study. In NIH 3T3 cells, Sophora flavescens, LA, SFG and LA+ SFG showed inhibitory effects on the cytotoxicity of cadmium and these detoxication effects increased in proportion to the concentration of these drugs. These results suggest that LA and SFG from S. flavescens retain a potential antitoxic activity.
Kyung-Sun Heo,Sung-Woo Ryoo,Lila Kim,Miyoung Nam,Seung-Tae Baek,Hyemi Lee,Ah-Reum Lee,Song-Kyu Park,Youngwoo Park,Chang-Seon Myung,Dong-Uk Kim,허광래 한국분자세포생물학회 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.26 No.5
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) induces cell proliferation in human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAoSMCs), which may be involved in atherogenesis and intimal hyperplasia. Recent studies have demonstrated that Cl- channels are related to vessel cell proliferation induced by a variety of stimuli. In this study, we investigated a potential role of Cl- channels in the signaling pathway of LDL effects on hAoSMC proliferation with a focus on the activation of Erk1/2-PI3K/Akt and the subsequent upregulation of Egr-1. Cl- channel blockers, DIDS, but neither NPPB nor Furosemide, completely abolished the LDL-induced DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Moreover, DIDS, but not NPPB, significantly decreased LDL-stimulated Cl- concentration, as judged by flow cytometry analysis using MQAE as a Cl--detection dye. DIDS pretreatment completely abolished the activation of Erk1/2 and PI3K/Akt in a dose-dependent manner that is the hallmark of LDL activation, as judged by Western blot and proliferation assays. Moreover, pretreatment with DIDS (Cl- channel blockers) but not LY294002 (PI3K inhibitors) completely abolished the LDL-induced upregulation of Egr-1 to the same extent as PD98059 (MEK inhibitors to inhibit Erk), as judged by Western blot and luciferase reporter assays. This is the first report, to our knowledge, that DIDS-sensitive Cl--channels play a key role in the LDL-induced cell proliferation of hAoSMCs via the activation of Erk1/2 and PI3K/Akt and the upregulation of Egr-1.
Baek, Ah Rum,Kim, Hee-Kyung,Park, Subin,Lee, Gang Ho,Kang, Hyo Jeung,Jung, Jae-Chang,Park, Joon-Suk,Ryeom, Hun-Kyu,Kim, Tae-Jeong,Chang, Yongmin American Chemical Society 2017 Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.60 No.12
<P>We report the synthesis of a macrocyclic Gd chelate based on a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tris-acetic acid (DO3A) coordinationn cage bearing an ethoxybenzyl (EOB) moiety and discuss its use as a T-1 hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. The new macrocyclic liver agent shows high chelation stability and high r(1) relaxivity compared with linear-type Gd chelates, Which are the current clinically approved liver agents. Our macrocyclic, liver-specific Gd chelate was evaluated in vivo through biodistribution analysis and liver MRI, which demonstrated its high tumor detection sensitivity and suggested that the new Gd complex is a promising contrast agent for liver cancer imaging.</P>
New classification of lingual arch form in normal occlusion using three dimensional virtual models
Kyung Hee Park,Mohamed Bayome,Jae Hyun Park,Jeong Woo Lee,Seung-Hak Baek,Yoon-Ah Kook 대한치과교정학회 2015 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.45 No.2
Objective: The purposes of this study were 1) to classify lingual dental arch form types based on the lingual bracket points and 2) to provide a new lingual arch form template based on this classification for clinical application through the analysis of three-dimensional virtual models of normal occlusion sample. Methods: Maxillary and mandibular casts of 115 young adults with normal occlusion were scanned in their occluded positions and lingual bracket points were digitized on the virtual models by using Rapidform 2006 software. Sixty-eight cases (dataset 1) were used in K-means cluster analysis to classify arch forms with intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar widths and width/depth ratios as determinants. The best-fit curves of the mean arch forms were generated. The remaining cases (dataset 2) were mapped into the obtained clusters and a multivariate test was performed to assess the differences between the clusters. Results: Four-cluster classification demonstrated maximum intercluster distance. Wide, narrow, tapering, and ovoid types were described according to the intercanine and intermolar widths and their best-fit curves were depicted. No significant differences in arch depths existed among the clusters. Strong to moderate correlations were found between maxillary and mandibular arch widths. Conclusions: Lingual arch forms have been classified into 4 types based on their anterior and posterior dimensions. A template of the 4 arch forms has been depicted. Three-dimensional analysis of the lingual bracket points provides more accurate identification of arch form and, consequently, archwire selection.
Baek, Jong Yun,Yu, Jeong Il,Park, Hee Chul,Choi, Doo Ho,Yoo, Gyu Sang,Cho, Won Kyung,Lee, Woo-Yong,Yun, Seong Hyeon,Cho, Yong Beom,Park, Yoon Ah,Kim, Hee Cheol The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2019 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.37 No.2
Purpose: This study aimed to identify prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence (LRR) in pT3N0 rectal cancer patients who were treated with surgery alone and had negative resection margin including circumferential resection margin (CRM) for optimal indication of adjuvant radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: We reviewed patients with pT3N0 rectal cancer who were treated via upfront surgery and had no other adjuvant treatment from January 2003 to December 2012. In total, 122 patients who had negative resection margin including negative CRM were included in the analysis. Results: The median follow-up period after surgery was 60 months (range, 3 to 161 months). During this time, 6 patients (4.9%) experienced LRR at the anastomotic site (4 patients), and regional lymphatic area (2 patients). The estimated 5-year rates of overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and LRR-free survival were 96.7%, 84.6%, and 94.0%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that level of tumor ≤5 cm was a significant prognostic factor for LRR-free survival (LRRFS) (p = 0.04; hazard ratio = 7.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-47.30). Patients with level of tumor ≤5 cm had an estimated 5-year LRRFS of 66.8%, which was much higher than 2.3% in patients with level of tumor >5 cm. There was no significant factor for recurrence-free survival or overall survival. Conclusion: In T3N0 rectal cancer, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy should be recommended in patients with level of tumor ≤5 cm for better local control. However, in patients with pT3N0 disease, negative resection margin, and level of tumor >5 cm, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy should be carefully suggested.