Some Phonetic Characteristics of Mid-vocalic Lax Stops and Pre/Post-stop Vowels in Korean

Kim, Dae Won 한국음성과학회 1999 음성과학 Vol.5 No.2

It has been claimed that Korean mid-vocalic voiceless unaspirated lax stops are phonetically realized with voicing throughout the oral closure phase. Acoustic measurements were undertaken to examine the claim with four Korean native speakers using /V_1CV_2/ words where the vowel (V_1 = V_2) was /i,a,u/ and the C was voiceless unaspirated lax stops /p,t,k/. Findings: (1) During mid-vocalic stops /k/ and /p/ the vowel /u/ was accompanied generally by a significant increase in voice cessation time as percentage of the oral closure interval (PCT) than the vowel /a/, regardless of subject-dependent, (2) The effcts of vowels on PCT were significantly greater in mid-vocalic /k/ than /p/, regardless of subjects, (3) The mean PCT, averaged across six tokens, ranged from 17 % to 100 %, giving overall mean 61 % in which the standard deviation was ±30, and (4) Overall 67 % of the total of mid-vocalic unaspirated lax stops were produced with a substantial period of devocing and voicing lag. Considering these results, it is difficult to agree with the existing claims that Korean voiceless unaspirated lax stops are phonetically realized with voicing throughout the oral closure phase. Other phonetic variables, including the durations of pre/post-stop vowels, voice onset time, voice cessation time, and the duration of oral closure, were measured. Keywords: voicing, Korean intervocalic lax stop, Korean vowel, duration The duration of V_1 and V_2. Across six tokens, the mean durations of V_1 ranged from 52 ms to 153 ms, giving overall mean 20 ms, averaged across six tokens, four subjects, three vowel types, and three stop types. The range of the mean (across six tokens) duraion of V_2 was from 196 ms to 292 ms., giving overall mean 252 ms. Overall (across four subjects, three vowel types, three stop types and six tokens), the mean ratio of the duration of pre-stop vowels and post-stop vowels was 1 (V_1) : 2.5 (V_2). In general, the inconsistent resutls of V_1 and V_2 resulted genrally from between-subject differences and ocassional differences. The duartion of oral closure (DOC). Across six tokens the mean DOC of mid-vocalic unaspirated lax stops in unstressed position ranged from 50 ms to 97 ms depending upon subjects, with overall mean 70 ms. The effects of the place of articulation for stops and vowel types on the DOC was generally inconsistent depending upon subjects. S_1 produced significantly greater DOC for /p/ than /t/ and /k/, mean while S_4 yielded significantly less DOC for /p/ than /t/ and /k/. S_2 and S_3 showed the insignificant effects of the place of articulation on DOC. Voice onset time (VOT). VOT was generally dependent of subjects, and there were considerable effects of vowel types on VOT. Across three stops, three vowels and six tokens, the range of mean VOT was from 4 ms (S_2) to 17 ms (S_1), with overall mean 10 ms (SD = ± 10). Voice cessation time as percentage of the oral closure interval (PCT). During mid-vocalic stops /k/ and /p/ the vowel /u/ was accompanied generally by a significant increase in PCT than the vowel /a/, regardless of subjects, whereas in mid-vocalic alveolar stop /t/ the effects of vowels on PCT were subject-dependent. The effects of vowels on PCT were significantly greater in mid-vocalic /k/ than /p/, regardless of subjects. The mean PCT, averaged across six tokens, ranged from 17 % to 100 %, giving overall mean 61 % which the standard deviation was ±30. In mid-vocalic unaspirated lax stops where the vowel was /a/, overall (across four subjects, three stops, and 6 tokens) 86 % of the toal of mid-vocalic stops were produced with a substantial period of devoicing and voicing lag (see Table I, II and III). This is agreeable with Kim's findings (1987) in which 98 % of the total of mid-vocalic stops were manifested with a substantial period of devoicing and voicing lag. However, overall 67 % of the total of mid-vocalic unaspirated lax stops were produced with a substantial period of devocing and voicing lag. Considering these results and Kim's findings (1987), it is difficult to agree with the earlier claims that Korean voiceless unaspirated lax stops are phonetically realized with voicing throughtout the oral closure phase (e.g., Zong, 1973; Kagaya, 1974; Han and Witzman, 1970; Kim, 1965; Lee, 1969; Heo, 1972; Ladefoged, 1973). The voicing during intervocalic lax stops appears not to be allophonic, i.e., rule-governed, but it is rather one of potential phonetic correlates of the intervocalic lax stops. The range of the mean values for timing variables, overall mean values, and the mean ratios may be useful in programming a communication system.

Clinical Outcome of Modified Cervical Lateral Mass Screw Fixation Technique

Kim, Seong-Hwan,Seo, Won-Deog,Kim, Ki-Hong,Yeo, Hyung-Tae,Choi, Gi-Hwan,Kim, Dae-Hyun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2012 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.52 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study was 1) to analyze clinically-executed cervical lateral mass screw fixation by the Kim's technique as suggested in the previous morphometric and cadaveric study and 2) to examine various complications and bicortical purchase that are important for b-one fusion. Methods : A retrospective study was done on the charts, operative records, radiographs, and clinical follow up of thirty-nine patients. One hundred and seventy-eight lateral mass screws were analyzed. The spinal nerve injury, violation of the facet joint, vertebral artery injury, and the bicortical purchases were examined at each lateral mass. Results : All thirty-nine patients received instrumentations with poly axial screws and rod systems, in which one hundred and seventy-eight screws in total. No vertebral artery injury or nerve root injury were observed. Sixteen facet joint violations were observed (9.0%). Bicortical purchases were achieved on one hundred and fifty-six (87.6%). Bone fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion : The advantages of the Kim's technique are that it is performed by using given anatomical structures and that the complication rate is as low as those of other known techniques. The Kim's technique can be performed easily and safely without fluoroscopic assistance for the treatment of many cervical diseases.

한국와인평가가 지각된 가치 및 만족도에 미치는 영향

강지원(Kang Gi-won),김대진(Kim Dae-jin),안신희(Ahn Shin-hee),고재윤(Ko Jae-youn) 한국호텔관광학회 2016 호텔관광연구 Vol.18 No.2

As domestic spending on wine increases, the importance of the marketing strategies for wine products has been emphasized in the hospitality industry for the purpose of increasing business profits. Korean wine festivals is held in Young-dong and Youngcheon every October and November. Also, ‘Asian wine trophy’ is held every August in Dae-Jeon city of Korea. At that competition, several Korean wines won gold medals among the world’s wines. It means that the quality of Korean wine is being improved rather than before. And it can lead interest of Korea and Korean wine and enhanced status of Korea in the global wine market. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between Korean wine evaluation and perceived value and furthermore, relationship with satisfaction. In this study, a survey was carried out on experienced wine consumers over the age of 20 from October 15 through November 4, 2015. Overall, 315 questionnaires from internal customers were used for the final data analysis. The SPSS/PC version 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistics package programs were used for the confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis and pass analysis to test the hypotheses for this study. The result of the present study indicates that Korean wine evaluation was significant on Perceived value and the effect of Perceived value had a significant positive effect on satisfaction. The results of this paper suggests specific marketing strategy for winery owner of Korea and Korean wine company.

지역기후기능을 고려한 주거단지계획기법에 관한 연구 - 바람길을 중심으로 -

김태욱,정응호,류지원,박지혜,Kim, Dae-Wuk,Jung, Eung-Ho,Ryu, Ji-Won,Park, Ji-Hye 한국주거학회 2007 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.2

This research has been implemented based on the area of #369 Dowon-dong, Dalseo-gu, Dae-gu which is considered as a place with satisfactory characteristics for the flow of fresh air into the city. Simulations of the target area both prior to the development plan and after apartment complex blocking were analyzed in regard to blocking planning and pilotis based on the main direction of wind, $90^{\circ}$ (east wind) and $180^{\circ}$ (south wind). In addition, congested wind corridor flow in the target place was identified through a pollution spread simulation according to the wind corridor. Therefore, the flow of wind in the one area is affected by the blocking of the complex and the main direction of the wind. Also blocking, in regard of pilotis, provides a better flow of wind. This study was implemented based on wind formation by apartment complex planning, so further study on the other factors affecting the flow of a wind corridor along with block planning and pilotis need to be carried out. Sustainable environmental factors through analysis of the environmental factors have to be analyzed. Moreover, building and complementing fundamental resources and systematic devices should be supported.

2010 해남, 평창, 원주지역 갈대 등 야초류의 이용실태와 사료가치 평가

서성(Sung Seo),한대덕(Dae Duk Han),장선식(Sun Sik Jang),김원호(Won Ho Kim),정민웅(Min Woong Jung),최진혁(Jin Hyuck Choi),김진숙(Jin Sook Kim),김하영(Ha Young Kim),이종경(Joung Kyong Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2012 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 부존 조사료자원 이용으로 수입사료를 줄이고 사료비를 절감하고자 2010년도에 전남 해남(간척지), 강원 평창(강변), 원주(섬강변), 전남 영광(와탄강변) 등 4개 지역에서 갈대와 억새 등 야초 자생지를 탐색하고, 수확·이용실태 조사와 함께 사료가치를 분석하였다. 전남 해남 해남목장 내 갈대(Phragmites communis) 위주의 야초 자생지는 300 ha로 예년에는 2회 곤포작업하여 연간 사일리지로 2,300~2,500톤(ha당 8톤)을 생산하였으나 2010년도는 1회 곤포조제로 사일리지 2,000톤(ha당 7톤)을 생산하였다. 유통가격은 롤 당 53천원으로 ㎏당 110원이었다. 곤포는 전량 자가소비하며, 외부 작업단에 롤 당 26천원의 작업비를 지불하였다. 연간 조수입은 2억 2,260만원이며, 소득은 1억원 수준(345천원/ha)이었다. 초장 150 ㎝의 갈대는 조단백질 8.4%, 상대사료가치 71.9 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 60.1%로 사료가치는 볏짚에 비해 약간 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 갈대 사일리지의 사료가치와 유기산 함량은 동일 지역에서 동일한 재료로 사일리지를 조제하더라도 수확시기에 따라 차이가 컸으며(CP 4.7~6.4%, RFV 62.2~78.9, 건물 소화율 41.9~53.9%), 갈대 사일리지의 품질은 수단그라스에 비해 불량하였다. 강원 평창 강변 자생갈대의 사료가치는 초장이 79, 117, 121, 142㎝로 생육이 진행됨에 따라 낮아져, 조단백질은 각각 13.9%에서 7.6%로, 상대사료가치는 90.7 (건초 3등급)에서 76.1 (건초 4등급)로, 건물 소화율은 72.9%에서 54.7%로 감소하였다. 원주 섬강 주변 야초류는 곤포수확 작업에 어려움이 있었으며, 초장 130 cm의 갈대는 조단백질 8.5%, 상대사료가치 82.3 (건초 4등급), 건물 소화율 70.2%로 사료가치는 높았으며, 220㎝의 성숙한 갈대는 조단백질 10.2%, 상대사료가치 65.1 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 48.9%로 볏짚 대비 조금 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 전남영광지역에서는 와탄천 주변에 자생하는 갈대를 수거 이용하고자 시도하였으나 경제성이 없어 중단하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여볼 때, 갈대, 억새 등 야초류는 현 상태에서 최대한 수거·이용하되, 사료가치를 유지하고 가축 기호성이 양호한 시기에 수확하는 것이 중요하며, 최소한 볏짚과 비슷하거나 그 이상의 사료가치를 기대하기 위해서는 7월 중순 이전(늦어도 7월까지)에 수확·이용하는 것이 권장된다. This study was carried out in 2010 to investigate the utilization and forage quality of native grasses, such as Phragmites communis which might reduce the cost of feeding domestic cattle. The regions surveyed were the Haenam ranch in Haenam, Pyeongchang, Wonju, and Yeonggwang. In Haenam, yearly silage production harvested from 300 ha was 2,000 MT (7 MT/ha). All of those round bale silages were self-consumed in that region, and marketing price was 50,000 55,000 won per roll (110 won/㎏). Phragmites communis of 150 ㎝ in length contained 8.4% crude protein (CP) with relative feed value (RFV) 71.9 and 60.1% in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), which was somewhat more favorable than forage quality of rice straw. The silage quality of Phragmites communis varied greatly by the time of harvest (CP 4.7 6.4%, RFV 62.2 78.9, and IVDMD 41.9 53.9%), even with the same district and of the same original forage materials. Generally, the quality of Phragmites communis silage of was poorer than that of sorghum * sudangrass hybrid. In Pyeongchang, forage quality of Phragmites communis was decreased from 13.9% to 7.6% in CP, 90.7 to 76.1 in RFV, and 72.9% to 54.7% in IVDMD, as plant was getting mature, from 79 ㎝ to 117 ㎝, 121 ㎝ or to 142 ㎝ in length. In Wonju, the quality values of Phragmites communis of 130 ㎝ in length were 8.5% CP, 82.3 RFV and 70.2% IVDMD, while those of matured grasses of 220 ㎝ in length were lower (10.2% CP, 65.1 RFV and 48.9% IVDMD), but this was a little more favorable than quality of rice straw. In Yeonggwang, feeding Phragmites communis was tried in a Hanwoo feed, but stopped due to low profitability. In conclusion, the overall quality of most native grasses including Phragmites communis in this survey was poor. Therefore, we recommend that Phragmites communis and native grasses should be harvested on June or July to obtain richer forage quality in forage values than rice straw.

Analysis of acne-related judicial precedents from 1997 to 2018 in South Korea

( Ji Hoon Yang ),( Soo Ick Cho ),( Su Hwan Shin ),( Won Lee ),( So Yoon Kim ),( Dae Hun Suh ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.2

Background: Medicolegal disputes are increasing in practical medicine. Acne is a common problem but is usually related to cosmetic problems such as acne scars. Medications or procedures related to acne could lead to medical malpractice. Objectives: To analyze medical litigation associated with acne or acne scar in South Korea. Methods: Acne-related judgements were searched using the Supreme Court of Korea’s Written Judgment Management System based on the keywords “acne” or “acne scar.” Results: Eleven cases were selected as litigated cases of acne or acne scar. Eight cases (72.7%) were related to acne scar and three (27.3%) were related to acne. Treatment modalities such as peeling (n = 6), laser treatment (n = 3), photodynamic therapy (n = 1), and antibiotic (n = 1) resulted in lawsuit. Claimed sequelae of the treatment were hyperpigmentation (n = 5), scar worsening (n = 5), erythema (n = 3), skin bumps (n = 1), and liver transplant (n = 1). Eight cases (72.7%) were awarded to the plaintiff, and the others were dismissed. The average awarded amount was 16,801,324± 24,452,486 (mean±standard deviation) Korean Won. Conclusion: Various treatments for acne or acne scar can cause medical disputes. Unnecessary litigation could be prevented if simple measures such as history taking, choosing proper procedure, and adequate management after the procedure along with sufficient informed consent were performed.

Impact of Ground Plane Doping and Bottom-Gate Biasing on Electrical Properties in In_0.53Ga_0.47As-OI MOSFETs and Donor Wafer Reusability Toward Monolithic 3-D Integration With In_0.53Ga_0.47As Channel

Kim, Seong Kwang,Shim, Jae-Phil,Geum, Dae-Myeong,Kim, Jaewon,Kim, Chang Zoo,Kim, Han-Sung,Song, Jin Dong,Choi, Sung-Jin,Kim, Dae Hwan,Choi, Won Jun,Kim, Hyung-Jun,Kim, Dong Myong,Kim, Sanghyeon Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2018 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.65 No.5

<P>In this paper, we fabricated In<SUB>0.53</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.47</SUB>As-on insulator (OI) MOSFETs on Si substrates with different doping types to mimic ground plane doping using direct wafer bonding and epitaxial lift-off (ELO) techniques. We investigated the impact of doping types on the ground plane and the backgate biasing, which are important and preferable components in monolithic 3-D (M3D) integration, on the electrical properties of MOSFETs, such as the threshold voltage ( <TEX>${V} _{T}$</TEX>) and the effective mobility ( <TEX>$\mu _{\textsf {eff}}$</TEX>). It was found that <TEX>${V} _{T}$</TEX> and <TEX>$\mu _{\textsf {eff}}$</TEX> were significantly modulated by the backsubstrate doping and the backbiasing. These observations were explained by the change of carrier distributions, which were confirmed by technology computer-aided design simulation. Furthermore, we investigated the reusability of InP donor substrates for sequential epitaxial growth after ELO process toward a cost-effective M3D integration with the In<SUB>0.53</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.47</SUB>As channel.</P>

Characteristics of hypertension subtypes and treatment outcome among elderly Korean hypertensives

Choi, Suk-Won,Kim, Min-Kyu,Han, Seong-Woo,Kim, Sung Hea,Kim, Hyun Joong,Kang, Seok-Min,Kim, Dae-Kyeong,Kim, Byung Soo,Kim, Won Ho,Kim, Jang-Young,Kim, Hee-Yeol,Rhew, Jay-Young,Park, Keum-Soo,Cho, Kyou Elsevier 2014 Journal of the american society of hypertension Vol.8 No.4

Study on the Optimization of Cationic Ring Opening Polymerization of Silicone-Based Epoxy Monomers for Holographic Photopolymers

Dae Heum Kim,Dae Won Chung 한국고분자학회 2009 Macromolecular Research Vol.17 No.9

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-(4-Substituted-phenyl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamides, a New Class of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors

Kim, Dae-Kee,Lee, Ju Young,Kim, Jae-Sun,Ryu, Je-Ho,Choi, Jin-Young,Lee, Jun Won,Im, Guang-Jin,Kim, Tae-Kon,Seo, Jung Woo,Park, Hyun-Ju,Yoo, Jakyung,Park, Jung-Hyun,Kim, Tae-You,Bang, Yung-Jue 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2003 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.12

Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to induce differentiation and/or apoptosis of human tumor cells. Novel 3-(4-substituted-phenyl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamides have been prepared as a new class of HDAC inhibitors and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity and HDAC inhibitory activity. Incorporation of a 1,4-phenylene carboxamide linker, shown by 5, and a 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl or 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl group as a cap substructure generated highly potent hydroxamic acid-based HDAC inhibitors 5a and 5b.