Impacts and Countermeasures of Climate Change on Food Supply

Kim Chang-gil,Jeong Hak-kyun,Han Suk-ho,Kim Jeong-seung,Moon Dong-hyun 한국농촌경제연구원 2013 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

Climate change has become a megatrend that will lead to significant changes in future society. Korean and overseas agencies specializing in climate forecasts predict that average global temperatures will continue to rise. While climate change may potentially have certain positive impacts for crop yields, the overall impact is predicted to be negative for environment and food security. In this context, our study aims to suggest a plan for systematically establishing a stable food supply system in Korea in respose to climate change. Various analytical models were employed, including: a response analysis based on questionnaire for farmers, panel-based analysis of the causes of pests and diseases in rice production, a random-effects model for panel data of extreme weather impact, and an analysis of food supply effects using the Simulation Model for Climate-Agriculture Relations (SIMCAR) integrated model in conjunction with the Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis (CERES) model of the Korea Agricultural Simulation Model (KASMO). An analysis was made of major grain yields by means of the KREI-KASMO. This revealed reduced yields and area in comparison with the baseline in 2050, resulting in a reduction of rice production by 17.8%p in the RCP8.5 scenario, and reduction of soybean by 21.2%p and reduction of barley by 13.7%p in the A2 scenario. Self-sufficiency ratio of major grains in 2050 drawn from the SIMCAR revealed that the climate change scenario for rice showed 55.0% to be reduced by 18.3% in comparison with the baseline. It is predicted that selfsufficiency ratio in rice will drop to 50% which means a half of consumed rice should be imported. Key tasks for building a stable food supply system to cope with climate change were developed based on the domestic production capacity, the buffering capacity to climate change, import capacity from other countries, and policy performance capacity with reference to the empirical analysis. First, the suggested key tasks for improving the domestic production capacity include developing and disseminating adaptation technology, conserving farmland and expanding arable land, practicing climate-smart agriculture by using fusion technology, and modernizing infrastructure for agriculture. Second, key tasks for improving buffering capacity to climate change are improving resilience and biodiversity, building a risk management system, and further improving storage of food in Korea and other countries. Third, major tasks for improving the import capacity from other countries are constructing overseas food bases, effectively using the international grain market, and enhancing international cooperation with relevant countries. Finally, key tasks for improving policy performance capacity are refining and applying the climate change impact analysis model with respect to policies, expanding investments in research and development, building a vulnerability assessment system, enhancing education and training, and installing Climate Change Response Center for Agriculture (tentative). In this study, several key challenges were presented in the four different areas related to building a stable food supply system which can help overcome the challenges of climate change. It is expected that the nature of the policies that need to be prioritized and promoted, given the constraints of budget, organization and information will be addressed in future research. Also, in order for the solutions for key challenges to work properly in the field such that policy outcomes will be maximized, a consortium of research bodies in the related fields of agriculture, agricultural meteorology and agricultural economics should be created. As preparation for specific action programs. Furthermore, follow-up studies should be conducted to verify the expenses required for developing reliable climate change impact assessment models and the effectiveness of the enforced policies. Such fie

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

白鼠 肝障碍에 對한 補肝湯 瀉肝湯의 效果에 關한 實驗的 硏究

洪茂昌,李學仁,金完熙 慶熙大學校韓醫科大學韓醫學硏究所 1983 慶熙韓醫大論文集 Vol.6 No.-

TRANSIENT ISCHEMIA-INDUCED EXPRESSION AND CHANGES OF TYROSINE KINASE A IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL DENTATE GYRUS OF THE GERBIL

HWANG, IN,LEE, HYEON,YOO, KI-YEON,KIM, DAE,KIM, JUNG,KIM, CHANG,LIM, BEONG,KANG, TAE-CHEON,BANG, KYUNG,SEONG, NAK,LEE, HAK,KIM, JONG,WON, MOO Taylor Francis 2006 International journal of neuroscience Vol.116 No.8

<P>The present study examined ischemia-related changes in tyrosine kinase A (trkA) immunoreactivity and its protein content in the dentate gyrus after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. One day after ischemic insult, cresyl violet-positive polymorphic cells showed ischemic degeneration. The ischemia-induced changes in trkA immunoreactivity were found in the polymorphic layer (PL) and granule cell layer (GCL) of the dentate gyrus. In the sham-operated group, trkA immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus was very weak. From 30 min after ischemia, trkA immunoreactivity was increased in the dentate gyrus and peaked in the dentate gyrus at 12 h after ischemia-reperfusion. Thereafter, trkA immunoreactivity was decreased time-dependently after ischemia-reperfusion. Four days after ischemic insult, trkA immunoreactivity was similar to that of the sham-operated group. In addition, it was found that ischemia-related changes in trkA protein content were similar to the immunohistochemical changes. These results suggest that the chronological changes of trkA in the dentate gyrus after transient forebrain ischemia may be associated with ischemic damage in polymorphic cells of the dentate gyrus.</P>

폐질환이 동맥혈 이산화탄소 분압과 호기말 이산화탄소 분압의 차이에 미치는 영향

김재환,장문석,임춘학,박영철 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.36 No.5

Background : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of lung disease on the difference between arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension by placing patients from the supine to the lateral decubitus position and by the changes from two lung ventilation (TLV) to one lung ventilation (OLV) during thoracic surgery. Method : Fifteen patients who had no parenchymal lung disease were selected for control group and 15 patients who had parenchymal lung disease on non-dependent lung were selected for disease group. All patients had been intubated with double lumen endobronchial tubes and respiration was controlled with a rate of 14∼15 breaths per minute and tidal volume 8 ml/kg. End-tidal and arterial carbon dioxide tension were measured at three different measurement periods (supine plus TLV, lateral decubitus plus TLV, lateral decubitus plus OLV). Results : The arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference was more increased in disease group than control group. But there was no significnt difference in arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension with position change, ventilation method change in each groups. Conclusion : We conclude that the arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference is increased in lung disease, but it does not changed with position and ventilation method change. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 36: 818∼822)

악안면 성장예측 모형개발에 관한 연구 : 6세 어린이의 1년간 악안면성장에 관한 연구

김종배,문혁수,장영일,배광학 대한구강보건학회 1999 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study was to obtain the data on the maxillofacial growth changes of the Korean six-year-old children in a year to establish the maxillofacial growth prediction model. Dental arch stone models of the 682 students in 1995 and of the same students in 1996 were analysed. The maxillofacial growth changes of the students during one year were found by the analysing the dental arch stone models. The dental arch growth changes in a year were analysed by student t-test and the qunantity of growth per a year of dental arch lengths and widths by paired t-test. The obtained results were as follows: 1. It was found that all dental arch lengths and widths had grown during one year. 2. There is no difference between male and female students in maxillofacial growth changes. 3. Maxilla had grown a little more than Mandible during one year. 4. Dental arch lengths had grown a little more than dental arch widths during one year.

볼트장력으로 보강된 철근 콘크리트 기둥의 실험적 연구

김도훈,원학재,김성배,김상모,이창남,김상섭 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

As time goes up, structural capacity of members decreases in reinforced concrete structures. The deterioration of the capacity is mainly due to the corrosion of materials, poor construction and environmental pollution, etc. This deterioration is unavoidable, thus it is necessary to develop the method for repair and retrofit of structures in order to ensure structural safety of members. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the load-deflection, ultimate strength, failure mode, and energy absorption effect. For the test, the specimen size of column is 20cm×20cm×90cm reinforced with 4 number of main bars of 13mm diameter, tied bars of 6mm diameter. The test results show that the increasement of bolt and bolt tension's quantity improve the ultimate strength and energy absorption capacity.

신축학교 실내공기질이 초등학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향

김태섭,김선주,박시영,전만중,김규태,김창윤,정종학,백성옥,사공준 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적: 신축초등학교와 대조학교를 선정하여 교실 내 포름알데히드와 TVOCs를 측정하고 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 이용하여 실내공기 오염물질이 학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 방법: 신축초등학교 5학년 71명을 실내공기 오염물질 노출군으로 하고, 개교한지 12년째인 대구시의 일개 초등학교 5학년 2학급 63명을 대조군으로 하여 실내공기 오염물질농도 측정 및 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 신축학교에서 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시 포름알데히드 농도는 34.6 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에는 27.3 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1교시 80.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시 127.1 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교에서는 2학급 각각 1교시에 12.6 ㎍/㎥, 7.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 19.8 ㎍/㎥, 25.2 ㎍/㎥였다. TVOCs의 경우 신축학교의 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시에 농도는 487.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 428.2 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1 교시에 농도는 1,283.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 1,715.4 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교의 경우 2학급에서 각각 1교시에 농도는 240.9 ㎍/㎥, 150.8 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 농도는 371.9 ㎍/㎥, 448.0 ㎍/㎥였다. 부호숫자 짝짓기의 평균반응시간은 대조학급이 1교시에 2,585 msec에서 4교시에 2,459 msec으로 감소한 반면 신축학교의 창문을 의도적으로 개방한 학급은 2,343 msec에서 2,510 msec으로, 평소대로 수업한 학급은 2,340 msec에서 2,563 msec으로 반응시간이 각각 167 msec, 223 msec 증가하였다. 1교시의 부호숫자 짝짓기 의 반응시간을 100%로 했을 때 창문을 의도적으로 개방 한 학급은 4교시에 5.9% 증가하였고(p<0.01), 평소대로 수업한 학급은8.3% 증가하였다(p<0.01). 반면에 대조학급은 4교시에 5.0% 감소하였다(p<0.01). 결론: 향후 학교의 실내공기질의 안전성 평가는 샘플링 된 공기의 오염수준의 측정뿐만 아니라 학생들의 건강영향도 함께 고려되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. Objectives: Most studies on the indoor air quality of newly built schools have focused only on the number of schools exceeding a standard or on subjective symptoms, such as sneezing, irritated eyes and an irritated nose. However, there has been no report on how poor indoor air quality affects children's academic performance. This study evaluated the effects of indoor air quality on the neurobehavioral performance of elementary school children. Methods: This study measured the indoor air pollutants and compared children's performance, using a computerized neurobehavioral test, between a newly built and a 12-year-old school. In addition, a questionnaire was administered regarding the indoor air quality related symptoms of children in a newly built and a 12-year-old school. Results: In the newly built school, the formaldehyde levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with an open window were 34.6 and 27.3 μg/㎥, respectively. The levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed were 80.2 and 127.1 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the formaldehyde levels in 1^(st) and 4^(th) class with open and closed window were 12.6 and 7.5 μg/㎥, and 19.8 and 25.2 μg/㎥, respectively. With respect to total volatile organic compounds, the levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window open in the newly built school were 87.2 and 428.2 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed, the total volatile organic compounds were 1,283.5 and 1,715.4 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the total volatile organic compounds were 240.9 and 150.8 μg/㎥, and 371.9 and 448.0 μg/㎥ in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes, respectively. In the case of a newly built school, the performance of the students in the neurobehavioral test in the 4^(th) class with the window closed was 8.3% lower than for those in the 1^(st) class with the window closed, but was only 5.9% lower when the windows were open. There was a statistical significant difference in the total numbers of symptoms between the two schools. Conclusions: These results suggest a proper evaluation of the indoor air quality within schools is required into both the level of contamination and the health effects of these contaminants toward children.

생체분해성 망막압정을 이용한 망막고정에 대한 실험적 연구

김용백,민병무,김창식,박근성,김승영,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Biodegradable retinal fixation devices obtain mechnical fixation of the retina with desirable chorioretinal scarring and with the potential for local, sustained release of antimetabolites and steroids to inhibit proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack with barb that was designed in order to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy for retinal fixation and the capability for sustained release of drugs with a newly designed biodegradable retinal tack Biodegradable retinal tacks were made of polymers of glycolic acids and were designed with barbs in a shape to prevent the disinsertion. Biodegradale retinal tacks are divided into 3 parts, a conical portion that is inserted into the sclera, a cylinder portion that remains in the vitreous, and a neck portion between the pin and the cylinder. The tapered conical end was manufactured to allow easy insertion through the retina and choroid into the sclera. A cylinder portion was manufactured with a tapered angle that fixes firmly into the orifice of 19 gauge spinal needle. A neck portion, 0.4 mm in diameter, was designed to prevent disinsertion from following implantation of retinal tack. The applicator was a 19 gauge spinal needle and its orifice was prepared to 15°angle to accept the tapered cylinder portion of the retinal tack. The retinal tacks, secured in the needles, were passed through the formed vitreous and inserted into the retina, choroid, and sclera and were released by pushing the internal needle, usually within 2-3mm of the medullary ray of the posterior rabbit retina A retinal tack was placed in each of 8 pigmented rabbit eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography were performed periodically from 1 day to 8 weeks after surgery. Eight eyes were enucleated and studied by light microscopy at 8 weeks. Biomicroscopic evaluation of the animals revealed edemas adjacent to the retinal surfaces immediately after insertion of the biodegradable retinal tacks in all the animals. These edemas disappeared after 1 week. The first noticeable change in the size of retinal tacks was shown after 2weeks. The size of the retinal tacks gradually got smaller, decreasing to about one-half at 4 weeks and about one-third at 8 weeks. All retinal tacks remained in inserted places without any movement for an 8 week period. On light microscopy, epiretinal proliferations were seen to extend into the vitreous cavity. Cellular capsules that lined the inner aspect of the scleral defect caused by tack insertion were found. However the adjacent retina had a normal cytologic appearance and architecture in all specimens. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack that is designed to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. All biodegradable retinal tacks reduce in size with time, but no retinal tacks extruded from the inserted place. The newly designed biodegradable retinal tack can be used for retinal fixation and may be used as a vehicle for the introduction of pharmacologic agents to prevent the cellular events that promote proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

생물학적 질소·인 제거를 위한 SMMIAR(Submerged Moving Media Intermittent Aeration Reactor) 공정의 운전 특성

김홍태,김학석,김규창 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

This study was carried out to obtain the operating characteristics of SMMIAR process for biological nitrogen phosphours removal. SMMIAR was operated at HLR(Hydraulic loading rate) of 39.6, 52.8, 63.4 and 79.2 ℓ/㎥/d respectively and the operating parameters such as intermittent aeration tine ratio of aerobic/anoxic, DO and microorganism concentration were change to confirm the optimum operating condition. The concentration wastewater BOD, TN(Total nitrogen) and TP(Total phosphours) were 150, 30 and 7.5㎎/ℓ respectively. Achieving better removal effciencies of BOD, TN and TP up to 90,85.4 and 95.4% respectively, we must keep in operation condition of SMMIAR by 0.75 of time ratio of aerobic/anoxie and by minimum 45 minutes of oxic period simltaneously.