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Mathematical sustainability assessment framework of earthquake-induced steel building population
Junwon Seo,Alan J. Hatlestad,Jung-Han Kimn,Jong Wan Hu 국제구조공학회 2021 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.41 No.4
The ability to estimate the probability a building population under seismic events will be sustainable is timely, useful in appropriately allocating earthquake mitigation funds earmarked for repair, rehabilitation, and replacement. A building population is considered sustainable if actual cost incurred is less than a target cost at a given ground motion intensity level such as a certain level of spectral accelerations. The purpose of this study is to construct a mathematical framework coupled with Gompertz and power functions to determine the probability of sustainability of building population subjected to seismic events as a function of target repair-cost ratios. The framework accounts for the exceedence probability of certain earthquake occurrence in 50 years and the fragility data created by joint response surface metamodels (RSMs) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The fragility data for a population of L-shaped Steel Moment-Frame (LSMF) buildings located in the Central United States and the probability of spectral acceleration exceedence for the target region are used for this study. The probability of sustainability of the LSMF buildings built from pre-1970, between 1970 and 1990, and post-1990 are determined through the developed framework. The mathematical and graphical relationship between the probability of sustainability of the building population under a broad range of spectral accelerations and its target repair-cost ratio are determined. Key findings show that the buildings built in the post-1990 are more sustainable than those built from the pre-1970.
Integrated FEM and CFD Simulation for Off shore Wind Turbine Structural Response
Junwon Seo,William Schaffer,Monique Head,Mehdi Shokouhian,최은수 한국강구조학회 2019 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.19 No.4
This paper implements Finite Element Model (FEM)-enabled computational fl uid dynamic (CFD) analysis to enable wind and wave time-history analysis with multiple force-induced soil–structure-interaction. The soil–structure interaction of steel monopile supported 5 MW wind turbine has been simulated with two common and applicable soil profi les. Lateral soil springs were used according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) Code for p–y curves, while vertical soil springs were generated according to the t–z and q–z API standards. A modal analysis was performed to verify the joint CFD-FEM exhibited a fundamental frequency in the desired range. A verifi cation of the load applications was completed for maximum force and moment under specifi c wind and wave loading parameters. Defl ection results were generated and compared with reliable results published in past studies. Results reveal that a variation in wind speed has a higher impact on soil structure interaction causing a larger defl ection than a variance in the signifi cant wave height. It is also evident that the heterogeneous sand profi le has a high enough stiff ness to cause fatigue damage during extreme multi-hazard loading. It is anticipated that this proposed modeling technique will provide a basis for more accurate application of multi-wind-wave simulations coupled with soil–monopile-interaction.
徐晙源 동양철학연구회 2003 東洋哲學硏究 Vol.35 No.-
본 논문은 종교철학이 가지고 있는 인간 실존의 문제와 신의 명령에 따른 실존 완성의 문제, 그리고 초월의 문제를 주제로 『논어』에 나타난 공자의 말을 종교철학적으로 분석하고 있다. 필자는 다양한 종교의 주제들 중에서 대중종교적인 요소를 제외한 순수 중교 형이상학적 관점으로 자신의 논의를 한정하고 있다. 필자는 『논어』에 대한 분석에 직접적으로 들어가기 전에 “미리 고려되어야 할 문제들”이라는 소단락을 만들어 종교형이상학 연구에 대한 오랜 전통을 가지고 있는 서양의 종교이론을 소개하여 논문의 테마를 먼저 보여준다. 이것을 바탕으로, 필자는 『논어』에 대한 본격적인 논의에서 天으로 대변되는 초월적 존재의 존재적 특성을 먼저 서술한 후, 仁이라는 공자철학의 핵심을 인간의 실존적 완성을 위한 목표로 설명한다. 아울러 실존의 존재론적 환경의 문제가 어떻게 드러나 있는가 하는 것을 윤리학적 관점에서 분석하고, 신에 대한 공자의 자세를 종교적으로 평가하고 있다. This essay purports to examine the religious significance of the Lunyu, the most important philosophical text of China but seldom religiously approached, with the themes of human existence, the completion of human existence, and the transcendence. Among a number of religious issues, the author makes it clear that his discussion is confined to the religious metaphysics but excludes the issues more important to the popular religion. The main body of the essay has two parts; one is 'Preliminary Considerations' and the other is 'The God and the Human Being in the Lunyu'. In the former part, the author introduces some Western study of religions and suggests the issues to be discussed in the latter. On this basis, characterising tian, written as the Heaven in the Lunyu as the transcendental God, the author defines ren, the core of Confucius' philosophy, as the ultimate end of the course in life to complete human existence. The author develops the discussion to the ontological conditions offered to a human being with ethical issues and finally examines the suitability of the attitude of Confucius to the advanced religious system.
모듈 조합조건을 고려한 모듈러 강교량 상부구조의 정보모델 생성
서경완,박준원,권태호,이상호,Seo, Kyung-Wan,Park, Junwon,Kwon, Tae Ho,Lee, Sang-Ho 한국전산구조공학회 2015 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.28 No.4
본 연구는 기획단계, 설계단계 및 시공단계에서 사용가능한, 모듈러 강교량 상부구조 정보모델 생성의 효율성을 향상하기 위하여, 파라메트릭 모델링(parametric modeling)을 통해 상부모듈을 생성하고 이들을 조합할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 파라메트릭 모델링을 적용하기 위한 요소 도출을 위하여 상부구조 구성요소 분류를 수행하였고, 분류된 요소를 결합 조건에 따라 13개의 종으로 구분하였다. 또한 모듈러 강교량 공장 제작 단위인 상부모듈의 조합을 통해 안정적인 상부구조 생성을 위한 세 가지 조합조건을 도출하였다. 파라메트릭 모델링을 통한 상부모듈 생성 시 구성요소 형상에 조합조건을 반영하는 변수를 도출하였다. 이를 본 연구에서 개발한 Building Information Model(BIM) 소프트웨어기반의 생성 인터페이스를 활용하여 타입과 변수에 따른 상부모듈 구성요소들을 생성하였다. 이때 생성된 상부모듈에는 상부구조로 조합하기 위한 정보를 반영하였으며, 이를 검증하기 위하여 Industry Foundation Classes(IFC) 기반의 정보모델을 생성하고, 반영한 속성정보를 확인함으로써 상부구조 생성에 활용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. This study proposes a method to create and combine a superstructure module by parametric modeling, in order to improve the production efficiency of information model for modular steel bridge superstructure that can be used in planning, design and construction phase. Compound classification was performed in order to derive elements to apply the parametric modeling, and according to assembly condition, the classified elements were grouped into 13 types. In addition, three assembly conditions were derived for production of stable superstructure through combination of superstructure module, which is a production unit for modular steel bridge factory. Parameter that reflects assembly condition in compound shape when producing superstructure module through parametric modeling was deducted. Superstructure module compounds were produced according to type and parameter using interface generation based on Building Information Model(BIM) software that was developed in this study. The superstructure module produced reflects information to combine into a superstructure. To verify this, information model based on Industry Foundation Classes(IFC) was built and confirmed the application in production of superstructure by identifying the reflected property information.
Field distribution factors and dynamic load allowance for simply supported double-tee girder bridges
Brian Kidd,Sandip Rimal,Junwon Seo,Mostafa Tazarv,Nadim Wehbe 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.82 No.1
This paper discusses the field testing of two single-span double-tee girder (DTG) bridges in South Dakota to determine live load distribution factors (LLDFs) and the dynamic load allowance (IM). One bridge had seven girders and another had eight girders. The longitudinal girder-to-girder joints of both bridges were deteriorated in a way that water could penetrate and the joint steel members were corroded. A truck traveled across each of the two bridges at five transverse paths. The paths were tested twice with a crawl speed load test and twice with a dynamic load. The LLDFs and IM were determined using strain data measured during the field tests. These results were compared with those determined according to the AASHTO Standard and the AASHTO LRFD specifications. Nearly all the measured LLDFs were below the AASHTO LRFD design LLDFs, with the exception of two instances: 1) An exterior DTG on the seven-girder bridge and 2) An interior DTG on the eight-girder bridge. The LLDFs specified in the AASHTO Standard were conservative compared with the measured LLDFs. It was also found that both AASHTO LRFD and AASHTO Standard specifications were conservative when estimating IM, compared to the field test results for both bridges.