Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Schizophrenia in Korea: A Multicenter Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

JungSun Lee,JunSoo Kwon,Daeho Kim,SungWan Kim,JaeJin Kim,JongHoon Kim,HeeJung Nam,Seunghyong Ryu,IlHo Park,SukKyoon An,HongSeok Oh,Seunghee Won,Kanguk Lee,KyuYoung Lee,SeungHwan Lee,YuSang Lee,JungSeo 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.1

Objective-We designed a nationwide study with limited exclusion criteria to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korea and its relationship with antipsychotic medications. Methods-This multicenter, cross-sectional, and observational study included patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Sixteen hospitals enrolled 845 patients aged 18 to 65 years prescribed any antipsychotic medication between August 2011 and August 2013. MetS was diagnosed using the criteria of the modified Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program with the Korean abdominal obesity definition (waist circumference ≥85 cm in women, ≥90 cm in men). Results-The prevalence of MetS in all patients was 36.5% and was significantly higher in men than women (men, 40.8%; women, 32.2%) and was significantly correlated with age [odds ratio (OR) 1.02] and duration of illness (OR 1.03). The prevalence of MetS across antipsychotic drugs in the major monotherapy group was as follows: 18.8% for quetiapine, 22.0% for aripiprazole, 33.3% for both amisulpride and paliperidone, 34.0% for olanzapine, 35% for risperidone, 39.4% for haloperidol, and 44.7% for clozapine. Conclusion-The prevalence of MetS is very high in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Screening and monitoring of MetS is also strongly recommended.

Efficacy and Tolerability of Aripiprazole: A 26-Week Switching Study from Oral Antipsychotics

JungSun Lee,Seockhoon Chung,JoonNoh Lee,JunSoo Kwon,DoHoon Kim,ChulEung Kim,KangSeob Oh,YangWhan Jeon,MinSoo Lee,MyungHo Lim,HyeRyein Chang,ChangYoon Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2010 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.7 No.3

Objective-To determine if the maintenance effectiveness and tolerability of aripiprazole demonstrated in a 12-week study were maintained in an extension phase (up to 26 weeks). Methods-This study was the extension of our switching study from other antipsychotics to aripiprazole in symptomatically stable patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. All the patients were randomly assigned to the aripiprazole group or the non-aripiprazole group. The effectiveness analysis consisted of the comparison of the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the mean Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) score to 4 (no change) at the end of the study. Results-At the baseline, the aripiprazole group (n=135) and the non-aripiprazole group (n=31) were comparable with respect to their mean ages, gender distribution, baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores, and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scores. The study showed that the mean CGI-I score was 2.92 (95% CI: 2.72-3.12) in the aripiprazole group and 2.81 (95% CI: 2.35-3.26) in the non-aripiprazole group at 26 weeks. In the aripiprazole group, the remission rates at 12 and 26 weeks were 74.8% and 72.6%, respectively, and 80.2% of the patients with remission at 12 weeks maintained their remission state until the end of the study. About one-fourth of the patients in the aripiprazole group reported one or more spontaneous treatment-emergent adverse events, such as insomnia, headache, and nausea. Conclusion-This study suggested that most clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia maintain their remission states after being switched to aripiprazole, without serious symptom aggravation and adverse events over a course of 26 weeks.

Fully Dedifferentiated Chondrocytes Expanded in Specific Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth Medium with FGF2 Obtains Mesenchymal Stem Cell Phenotype In Vitro but Retains Chondrocyte Phenotype In Vivo

Lee, Jungsun,Lee, Jin-Yeon,Chae, Byung-Chul,Jang, Jeongho,Lee, EunAh,Son, Youngsook SAGE Publications 2017 Cell transplantation Vol.26 No.10

<P>Given recent progress in regenerative medicine, we need a means to expand chondrocytes in quantity without losing their regenerative capability. Although many reports have shown that growth factor supplementation can have beneficial effects, the use of growth factor–supplemented basal media has widespread effect on the characteristics of chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were in vitro cultured in the 2 most widely used chondrocyte growth media, conventional chondrocyte culture medium and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) culture medium, both with and without fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) supplementation. Their expansion rates, expressions of extracellular matrix–related factors, senescence, and differentiation potentials were examined in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that chondrocytes quickly dedifferentiated during expansion in all tested media, as assessed by the loss of type II collagen expression. The 2 basal media (chondrocyte culture medium vs. MSC culture medium) were associated with distinct differences in cell senescence. Consistent with the literature, FGF2 was associated with accelerated dedifferentiation during expansion culture and superior redifferentiation upon induction. However, chondrocytes expanded in FGF2-containing conventional chondrocyte culture medium showed MSC-like features, as indicated by their ability to direct ectopic bone formation and cartilage formation. In contrast, chondrocytes cultured in FGF2-supplemented MSC culture medium showed potent chondrogenesis and almost no bone formation. The present findings show that the chosen basal medium can exert profound effects on the characteristics and activity of in vitro–expanded chondrocytes and indicate that right growth factor/medium combination can help chondrocytes retain a high-level chondrogenic potential without undergoing hypertrophic transition.</P>

선천성 담관 낭종 수술 후 잔류 낭종에서 15년 만에 발생한 담관암

이형경 ( Hyeung Kyeung Lee ),이경민 ( Kyoung Min Lee ),김진영 ( Jinyoung Kim ),이정선 ( Jungsun Lee ),안소연 ( Soyeon An ),홍승모 ( Seung-mo Hong ),이현우 ( Hyun Woo Lee ),김명환 ( Myung-hwan Kim ) 대한췌담도학회 2017 대한췌담도학회지 Vol.22 No.3

담관 낭종은 담관에 발생하는 선천성 담관 확장증을 의미하며, 담도계에 발생하는 비교적 드문 질환이다. 담관 낭종과 관련된 합병증으로는 담석 형성, 담관염, 췌장염이 있으며, 무엇보다도 담관암이 발생할 수 있어서 낭종 절제술 같은 외과적 절제가 치료 원칙이다. 담관 낭종을 수술한 후에도 담관 낭종의 불완전 절제로 인해 남아있는 낭종에서 담도계 암이 발생하는 경우가 종종 있다. 저자들은 담관 낭종으로 수술받은 후일부 남아있는 췌장내 총담관 부위 낭종에서 수술 15년 후 담관암이 발생한 1예를 경험하여 보고하고자 한다. 이 증례는 담관 낭종의 치료로써 완전 절제의 중요성과 정기적인 추적 검사의 필요성을 일깨워준다고 볼 수 있다. Among complications of choledochal cysts, malignant transformation is most concerning and management of choledochal cyst now includes complete cyst excision, whenever possible. In cases of choledochal cyst associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction like our case, cholecystectomy along with the resection of dilatated bile duct and the biliary diversion are generally performed. However, incomplete cyst excision can result in malignant transformation within the remnant cyst. We present the case of cholangiocarcinoma arising from remnant intrapancreatic cyst 15 years after choledochal cyst excision in a patient with Todani type 1 choledochal cyst associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. We learn from the case that a careful long-term follow-up is needed in patients with choledochal cysts if residual cyst is remained after excision.

Risk of Breast Cancer in Association with the Use of Second-generation Antipsychotics

Sung Woo Joo(Sung Woo Joo),Boung Chul Lee(Boung Chul Lee),Jungsun Lee(Jungsun Lee),Gi Hyeon Seo(Gi Hyeon Seo) 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.4

Objective: Previous studies regarding the relationship between the risk of breast cancer (BC) and antipsychotics use have reported inconsistent findings. Insufficient sample size and/or observation period may have hindered revealing the risk of BC associated with antipsychotics use. We aimed to investigate whether the use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) is associated with increased risk of BC. Methods: We used the Health Insurance Review Agency database in South Korea between 2008 and 2018. The index date was determined as the date of the first antipsychotic prescription. We selected women prescribed SGAs for more than 30 days within a year from the index date and age-matched controls, yielding 498,970 cases and 997,940 controls. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for estimating the risk. Results: The incidence rates of BC were 109.74 and 101.51 per 100,000 person-years in the case and control groups, respectively. There was an increased risk of BC in the case group (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04−1.13). There was a higher risk of BC in subjects prescribed with ≥ 10,000 mg of olanzapine equivalent dose (HR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.14−1.46) than those with < 10,000 mg (HR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.00−1.11). The increased risk of BC in the case group became significant after six years of the observation period (≥ 6 years: HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.14−1.35, 3 to < 6 years: HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.97−1.15, < 3 years: HR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.95−1.09). Conclusion: This study indicated that the use of SGAs is associated with increased risk of BC in a long-term relationship with a dose-response pattern.

Validation of a Video Based Scale for Measuring Social Cognition in Schizophrenia

Jungsun Lee,Harin Kim,Myong- Wuk Chon,Joon- Ho Ahn,Yeon Ho Joo,Chang- Yoon Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2016 신경정신의학 Vol.55 No.2

Objectives Social cognition plays an important role in psychiatric symptoms and prognosis in patients with schizophrenia. Diagnostic scales are predominantly text- based or intended for the evaluation of theoretical concepts, with limited usefulness in clinical settings. We therefore developed a video based social cognition scale. Methods Our scale consists of 20 video clips portraying frequently experienced social interactions in real life. Patients were asked which interactions were socially unnatural and the reasons for lies told by actors. Our scale was validated and social cognition and its relationship with symptoms was evaluated using item response theory. Results A total of 209 participants (schizophrenia, 101 ; bipolar disorder, 49 ; healthy controls 59) were enrolled. Our scale showed high reliability and concurrent validity compared with the order subtest of the short form of the Weschler Adult Intelligence scale. Internal validity also was high (Cronbach s alpha=0.904). Most items were easy to answer and highly discriminative. The test information curve showed our scale to be more informative in patients with low social cognition ability. Conclusion Our scale may aid in the study of pathology and social cognition deficits in patients with schizophrenia.

Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Treatment on Nutritive Value and In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) Silage

Lee, Kihwan,Marbun, Tabita Dameria,Kim, Suyeon,Song, Jaeyong,Kwon, Chan Ho,Yoon, Duhak,Kang, Jungsun,Lee, Chanho,Cho, Sangbuem,Kim, Eun Joong The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2020 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.40 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation to domestically-cultivated Italian ryegrass (IRG) on silage fermentation and in vitro ruminal fermentation. There were six treatments based on the LAB inoculants: 1) no addition of LAB (negative control: NC), additions of 2) commercially-available LAB (positive control: PC), 3) Lactobacillus plantarum (LPL), 4) L. paracasei (LPA), 5) L. acidophilus (LA), and 6) L. pentosus (LPT). All treatments were inoculated at a concentration of 10⁶ CFU/g and ensiled for 3, 7, 21, and 42 days in triplicate and analyzed for nutritive values when ensiling was terminated. Day 42 silage from all treatments were also examined for in vitro ruminal fermentation. After 42 days, LAB-inoculated silages had higher (P<0.05) lactic acid concentration compared to the NC. In terms of nutritive values, the silages treated with LPA, LA, and LPT showed higher (P<0.05) crude protein and lower (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content compared to the rest of the treatment. In vitro ruminal dry matter degradability was not affected by LAB addition. However, LAB-treated IRG had shown higher (P<0.05) ammonia-N compared with that of the NC. LPA had shown the highest (P<0.05) volatile fatty acid concentration among the LAB examined. In conclusion, the addition of a single strain of LAB appeared to produce a quality IRG silage compared with the NC and the PC. Among the strains examined, LPA seemed to be superior to the others.

A Comparison of the Quality of Life Outcomes between Healthy Population and Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Jungsun Lee,Yeoungsuk Song 한국간호과학회 2011 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

A Study on the Cautions for Shipper and Carrier under String Sales

Jungsun Lee 한국무역금융보험학회(구 한국무역보험학회) 2021 무역금융보험연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 송하인과 운송인이 모르는 상태에서 전매가 이루어져 선하증권 양도에 의해 소유권 이 적법하게 이전된 상태로 해당 화물의 입국이 거절된 상황에서 운송인의 귀책사유로 송하인 과 클레임 합의를 완료한 후, 선하증권의 선의의 소지인이자 전매계약의 수하인이 운송인을 상대로 손해배상을 청구한 케이스를 분석하여, 전매형태의 연속매매 하에서 송하인과 운송인 의 주의사항에 대해 고찰한다. 본 연구에서는 연속매매의 개념을 분석하고, 연속매매 하에서의 무역거래당사자들의 책임관 계 및 국외판례(Carlos Soto Sau and another v. AP Moller-Maersk AS (SFL Hawk) [2015] EWHC 458(Comm))의 분석을 진행하였다. 판례분석 결과, 첫 번째 쟁점사항으로 원매매계약의 매도인과 매수인 간의 소유권 이전 여부 를 결정하는데 있어서 실제의도가 중요한데, 선하증권의 양도는 추정적 증거이지 결정적 증거 가 아니라고 법원은 판시하였다. 두 번째 쟁점사항은 전매계약 하의 매수인의 소유권 획득여 부로, 법원은 권리증권을 선의 취득한 자가 SGA 25(1)에 근거하여 소유권을 주장할 수 있다고 판시하였다. 케이스 분석에 기초하여 송하인과 운송인에게 다음의 주의사항을 제시하였다. 송하인은 신용 장 결제조건이라도 과실에 의해 신용장이 취소될 수 있다는 단서조항을 삽입하는데 있어 신중 할 필요가 있고, 계약이 해지된 경우 선하증권 원본의 회수는 필수적이고, 통지처가 매수인 또는 매수인의 통관대리인이 아닌 경우 전매의 가능성을 확인하여 사전 합의를 진행하고, 전 매를 원하지 않을 경우 의사를 명확히 할 필요가 있다. 또한 운송인은 클레임 합의 전에 원고 적격 여부를 판단하는 것이 선행되어져야 하고, 선하증권 원본 회수 및 클레임 완료 후의 리스 크에 대비하기 위해 송하인으로부터 Letter of Indemnity를 확보하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 송하 인이 작성한 선하증권에 서명하기 전 검토하는 것이 필요하다. Purpose : This study analyzes the case that after carrier completes a claim with shipper due to carrier’s fault regarding the rejection of cargo to EU in a situation in which the property has been legally passed by the transfer of the bill of lading without agreement of shipper(seller), the bona-fide holder of bill of lading who is a consignee of the re-sale contract requested damages from the carrier, and then suggests precautions of the shipper and carrier under string sales. Research design, data, methodology : This study analyzes the concept of string sales, the responsibility relationship among trade parties under string sales, and case(Carlos Soto Sau and another v. AP Moller-Maersk AS (SFL Hawk) [2015] EWHC 458(Comm)). Results : The first issue is to decide whether to transfer property between the seller and buyer under original sales contract and the judgment was that the actual intention is important and the transfer of the bill of lading is prima facie evidence not conclusive evidence. The second issue is whether the buyer under re-sale contract(back to back contract) has property and the court ruled that a bona-fide holder who acquired the bill of lading in good faith can claim under SGA 25(1). Conclusions : Based on the case analysis, the following precautions were given to the shipper and carrier: The shipper has to pay attention to insert a proviso clause that the L/C may be revoked by negligence, the original bill of lading must be recovered if the contract is terminated, and seller should check the possibility of resale with buyer if the notify party is not the buyer or buyer’s customs agent. In addition, it is necessary for the carrier to determine the eligibility of the plaintiff before settlement of claim and it is also necessary to obtain the original bill of lading and letter of indemnity from the shipper. Moreover, it is necessary to review the bill of lading prepared by shipper before signing the bill of lading.

역사로 배우는 디지탈 시대의 편집 디자인의 방향

이정선(Jungsun Lee) 한국디자인학회 1999 디자인학연구 Vol.- No.32