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Cho, Jung-Hyuck,Ahn, Soo-Hyun,Jeon, Hee-chol,Kim, So-Young,Oh, Chang-Hyun Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.5
The synthesis of a new series of 1 $\beta$-methylcarbapenems having 5-(1,2-disubstituted ethyl)pyrrolidine moiety are described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituents on the pyrrolidine ring was investigated. Among them, compound (IIIc) having 1-methoxyimino-2-hydroxyethyl moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.
Improvement of Column Spacer Uniformity in a TFT LCD Panel
Jung-Hyuk Cho,오혜근,Jong-Sun Kim,Jung-Min Sohn,Sung-Hyuck Kim,Young-Hoon Kim 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.II
The photoresist of a column spacer is very sensitive to UV light, and its uniformity depends on the exposure process. In a proximity-type aligner, the exposure gap can control the light diffraction and intensity, which affect the column spacer thickness and the critical dimension. The limitation of non-flat mask and work stage causes a non-uniform exposure gap. Applying an attenuated phase shift mask can compensate for this handicap. By using commercial software, we analyzed the difference between a conventional mask and a phase-shift mask as a function of the exposure gap and examined changes in the column spacer’s thickness loss and the critical dimension. In order to reduce the diffraction effect and to get a uniform intensity, we varied the transmission in an opaque mask area and found that the thickness uniformity could be improved by about 30 %. Consequently, we expect the attenuated phase shift mask to have a larger possibility of improving the column spacer’s thickness uniformity without any mechanical alteration.
Jung-Hyuk Cho,오혜근,Jin-Back Park,Jong-Sun Kim,Jung-Min Sohn,Sung-Hyuck Kim,Sung-Jin Kim 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.1
In a proximity-type aligner, the resolution is inversely proportional to the exposure gap, which is the distance between the photo mask and the photoresist-coated glass. The exposure gap is usually 100 200 μm, so protecting the photo mask from particles or chips, which can exist easily between them, is not easy work. Though a high-exposure gap is effective for reducing mask pollution, we cannot follow the high gap idea due to diffraction. In order to evaluate the effect of diffraction exactly, we applied an attenuated phase shift mask by using commercial software (Solid - C). We analyzed the roundness of the rectangular isolated pattern as functions of the exposure gap and of the transmission in the mask’s opaque area. We found that the roundness of the isolated pattern was improved by 20 %; consequently, we expect that it will be possible to improve pattern profiles in high-exposure gaps by using attenuated phase shift mask.
Kim, Jung-ju,Lee, Jung-Ah,Choi, Hwi-yeon,Han, Jang-hyuck,Huh, Won,Pi, Jae-Ho,Lee, Jung-Keun,Park, Sangshin,Cho, Ki-hyun,Lee, Joong-bok Elsevier Ltd. 2017 Vaccine Vol.35 No.37
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes major economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. Vaccination is the most effective method to control the disease. In a previous study, a chimeric PRRSV named as K418 which had a genome composed of ORF 1 from the FL12 strain and ORF 2-7 from the Korean representative LMY strain was created. We constructed K418DM, K418 with deglycosylated glycoprotein 5 (GP5), to improve its humoral immunity. In the follow-up on <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I> virological and serological tests, no back mutation in amino acids of GP5 associated with deglycosylation was shown after 9 passages on MARC-145 cells, whereas only one case of back mutation was detected after single passage in pig. In serological study, K418DM induced higher serum neutralization (SN) antibody and more limited viremia compared with those of K418 virus. In clinical trial and economic analysis, the K418DM elicited SN antibody titers and PRRSV-specific IgG over protection limit. From the economic viewpoint, there was statistically significant reduction in percentage of weak pigs. These results indicated that vaccination with the K418DM may provide enhanced protection for pigs in PRRS endemic situation and increase growth performance in commercial pig farms.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> K418DM is a chimeric PRRS virus with enhanced humoral immunogenicity. </LI> <LI> The possibility of back mutation of GP5 glycosylation sites is low. </LI> <LI> K418DM reduces percentage of weak pigs at commercial farm level. </LI> </UL> </P>
Clinicopathologic risk factors for the local recurrence of phyllodes tumors of the breast.
Jang, Jae Hyuck,Choi, Min-Young,Lee, Se Kyung,Kim, Sangmin,Kim, Jiyoung,Lee, Jeonghui,Jung, Seung Pil,Choe, Jun-Ho,Kim, Jung-Han,Kim, Jee Soo,Cho, Eun Yoon,Lee, Jeong Eon,Nam, Seok Jin,Yang, Jung-Hyun Raven Press 2012 Annals of surgical oncology Vol.19 No.8
<P>Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are rare breast tumors that usually occur in middle-aged women. Here we discuss our recent experiences in the diagnosis, surgical management, and clinical follow-up of this disease.</P>
정치섭,조정혁,안창준 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 1999 産業科學硏究 Vol.17 No.1
We have studied the linear and nonlinear optical properties of the Langmuir(L) films of polyamic acid alkyl amin salt in which the nonlinear optic (NLO) chromophore (triphnylamino-(p-nitrophnyl)-ethylene group) was substituted as a side chain by using Brewster angle microscope(BAM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) technique. The collapse point in a π-A isotherm is generally defined as the surface pressure where the monolayers are riding on top of each other and disordered multilayers are being formed. But in this experiment using BAM and SHG, suprisingly the collapse was not found at the collapse point but found near the surface pressure where the liquid condensed(LC)-liquid expended(LE) phase transition occur.
자궁내막이 얇은 환자에서 자궁강내 인공수정 시술 시 에스트로겐 보완 요법의 효용성
조병구,김대운,신정환,홍서유,박원일,박준영,신소영,최준,권혁찬 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.5
목적 : 자궁내막이 비정상적으로 얇은 환자에서 고용량 에스트로겐 투여에 따른 내막의 회복능 평가에 의한 임신 예후의 예측 가능성과 에스트로겐 병용 요법에 의한 자궁강내 인공수정술 시행 시 배란유도제에 따른 각각의 내막의 반응과 임신 결과를 알아보았다. 방법 : 1998년 11월 1일부터 2001년 2월 28일까지 아주대학과 을지병원 불임클리닉에서 자궁강내 인공수정 시술을 받은 374명, 914주기를 대상으로 하여 전 주기에서 내막의 두께에 따라 네 군으로 나누었다. control Ⅰ (n=734)은 관찰주기에서 배란 직전 내막의 두께가 7 ㎜ 이상인 군, control Ⅱ (n=67)는 7 ㎜ 미만인 군이며, control Ⅱ를 대상으로 estrogen valerate를 투여하고 배란 일에 내막의 두께가 7 ㎜ 이상으로 회복을 보인군을 group I, 7 ㎜ 미만으로 회복이 저조한 군을 group Ⅱ로 나누어, 각각 conjugate estrogen 병용 요법과 함께 자궁강내 인공수정술 시행 후 배란유도제에 따라 자연주기 (n=234), 클로미펜 (n=250), 클로미펜/hMG (n=214), hMG (n=216)로 분류하여 hCG 투여일에 내막의 두께와 임신 결과를 전향적으로 비교, 분석하였다. 결과 : group Ⅰ의 임신율은 15.4%로 control Ⅰ (21.1%)과 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 group Ⅱ (6.3%)는 에스트로겐 병용 요법 후에도 control Ⅱ (3.0%)와 마찬가지로 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 배란유도제로 클로미펜보다 hMG만을 사용할 때, control Ⅰ에서 각각 8.4±0.6 ㎜, 10.0±0.7 ㎜, group Ⅰ에서 6.9±0.8, 7.9±0.7 ㎜로 내막의 두께가 두껍게 나타났고, 임신율 역시 control Ⅰ에서 각각 14.6, 29.8%, group Ⅰ에서 9.1, 31.3%로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 자궁내막이 비정상적으로 얇은 환자에서 고용량 에스트로겐 투여에 따른 내막의 기능 평가는 임신 예후를 예측하는데 유용하였고, 에스트로겐 병용요법과 함께 배란유도제로 클로미펜보다 hMG를 사용하는 것이 효과적이라고 사료된다.
Jung, Chanwon,Lee, Changsoo,Bang, Kihoon,Lim, JeongHoon,Lee, Hoin,Ryu, Ho Jin,Cho, EunAe,Lee, Hyuck Mo American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.37
<P>Recently, Pt3M (M = Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, etc.) intermetallic compounds have been highlighted as promising candidates for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. In general, to form those intermetallic compounds, alloy phase nanoparticles are synthesized and then heat-treated at a high temperature. However, nanoparticles easily agglomerate during the heat treatment, resulting in a decrease in electrochemical surface area (ECSA). In this study, we synthesized Pt-Fe alloy nano particles and employed carbon coating to protect the nanoparticles from agglomeration during heat treatment. As a result, Pt3Fe L1(2) structure was obtained without agglomeration of the nanoparticles; the ECSA of Pt-Fe alloy and intermetallic Pt3Fe/C was 37.6 and 33.3 m(2) g(pt)(-1), respectively. Pt3Fe/C exhibited excellent mass activity (0.454 A mg(pt)(-1)) and stability with superior resistances to nanoparticle agglomeration and iron leaching. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that, owing to the higher dissolution potential of Fe atoms on the Pt3Fe surface than those on the Pt-Fe alloy, Pt3Fe/C had better stability than Pt-Fe/C. A single cell fabricated with Pt3Fe/C showed higher initial performance and superior durability, compared to that with commercial Pt/C. We suggest that Pt3M chemically ordered electrocatalysts are excellent candidates that may become the most active and durable ORR catalysts available.</P>