Genetic Characterization of Haemagglutinin 1 Domain of Influenza B Viruses Isolated in Korea during $1988{\sim}1999$

Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.

테니스 라켓 스트링 장력의 차이에 따른 근전도 분석

이훈식,서국웅,윤양진,정미라,김용재,서국은,이중숙 한국운동역학회 2000 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to select 7 male athletes and female athletes of high school, and to compare their active potential differences of upper arm muscles according to characteristic of a racket. the results obtained are as follows: 1. In the accumulative distribution rate of racket string tension, 65Ibs is higher in all muscle active potentials except male flexor carpi radialis muscle than 55Ibs or 60Ibs, and this result shows that 65Ibs gives lower efficiency to athletes. 2. In the muscle load rate of racket string tension, 55Ibs shows the lowest active muscle potential and is thought to be better in its efficiency, but 66Ibs shows a little high active potential and is thought not to be good in its efficiency.

중량물 운반시 잡기유형에 따른 근전도 분석

이훈식,강영택,윤양진,정미라,유국종,서국웅,김정태 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine EMG changes of the body according to method the holding during carrying object. The experiments were conducted with utilizing EMG analyses for five male and five female adults as subjects. The results were as followed. 1. The higher muscle action potential of vertical holding was shown than that of right holding when carrying objects in MMH work in proportion to the weight of the object. The came from the subjects using their brachial muscles much to maintain the angles of their wrist joints and elbow joints for keeping their stable postures while walking. 2. The higher muscle action potential of right holding was shown in right and left elector-muscles of their spines(L1-L2, L4-L5) while carrying in all stages of weights except 25kg objects than that of vertical holding. These results were caused from more use of brachial muscles than elector-muscles of spines in carrying weight objects. So vertical holding is more effective in carrying weight objects at a short distance than right holding.

아동들의 태권도 수련활동참가에 따른 열등감 및 자아존중감의 관계

정재엽,정국현,김지영,김현철,이용국 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between children's Inferiority and self-esteem during Taekwondo practice. In order to achieve this purpose, 480 subject were selected among participants of Taekwondo activity programs in the Seoul area by using the stratified cluster random sampling method. Out of the 480 questionnaires responded to. only 414 were used for data analyses because 66 were responded to incompletely or incorrectly. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire in which Inferiority and self-esteem consisted of items identified by Jun(1999) and Jun(1993), respectively. The statistical methods utilized in the study for analyzing the collected data were reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, standard multiple regression analysis and the following results were obtained: First, both Inferiority and self-esteem differ statistically and significantly according to both sociodemographic variables. Second, both Inferiority and self-esteem differ statistically and significantly according to Taekwondo practice. Third, Inferiority statistically and significantly influences self-esteem.

Oppert 掘塚事件의 進入路 硏究

李重局 건국대학교 1983 論文集 Vol.17 No.1

This is a document on the incident of body-snatching attempt made by Oppert party in 1968. Their main object was cemetery of Nam Yeon Kun, a born father of Dai Won Kun, one of the most powerful man at the time and a grand father of King Ko Jong. People so called civilized nations from 3 countries get involved in the case including Catholic fathers with a number of people from 2 nations employed on the job. In this respect, the incident was characterized an internationality and politically had some significant factor. However, this statement may fall short of comprehensive study on this incident. By focusing on the trespassing route of Oppert party, we will bring the case to light based on the fact. That the sametime, aiming at finding the role of people in this incident. This letter was written based on the collection of material data through a survey on the witness of residents on the spot following the spot investigation tour. Thus, it might well say that this letter tells you the accounts tracked on the said writer's feet rather than based on the existing records. Content of this letter is as follows; 1.Introduction. 2.Background of the incident. 3.Situation on trespassing fort. 4.Theory in the past and comment on the route. 5.Conclusion. Based on the content mentioned above, at least the following few conclusion can be reached. First: A raid in Duck San county office by the Oppert party seems unbelivable that since the report was falsely made by Lee Jong Sin, and it's far from the witness of residents on the spot. Second: The spot where Oppert party went through was so called Kai Ko Gai, at the time passing Duck San, about 1 kilometer away from Duck San county office. Oppert party landed on Kumanpo opened fire while straying from the path in foggy condition. As a result, their location was spotted, and their first attempt bypassing Duck San had to be changed. While marching toward, they met with Duck San soldiers rushing out at the gun shot. When Oppert party fired a blank shot, all soldiers scared away. County chief, Lee Jong Sin was the only man left alone. Unaware of Oppert true intention he had no choice but allow them to pass over the hill, so called Kai Ko Gai located 1 kilometer away from Duck San county office. Third: In this series of incident, resistance by the people was believed much more violent than it has been known so far. Such resistance was believed to be an important factor that forced the decision of Oppert party withdrawl from Duck San. Following this incident, it is believed worth studying the extent that Dai Won Kun attn-empted to recover his lost prestige and an influence on the incident.

정보화시대의 공동체 : 정보화의 진전과 기업·소비자 관계 변화를 중심으로

이대식,김성국,김영삼,신종국,임정덕,조영복,조정문 釜山大學校 商科大學 2000 釜山商大論集 Vol.71 No.-

In this study, we questioned about the possibility of the formation of the new community like relationship at the market on the contrary to the traditional market relationship. We conjectured that kind of new community like relationship may possibly arise because of wide spread of new information technology at market behavior of both consumer and producer side. Traditional buyer-seller relationship was characterized as an anonymous one-shot relationship, however, recent changes were mainly emphasized the rich mutual interactions from both sides. Producers needs more consumer side informations as well as consumers begin to participate on production side at more organized level. Some theoretical studies predict that more rich social relationship will appear at the market since the adoption and wide spread of new information technology. We assume that main functions and ingredients of the community are first, the coordination mechanism which reduces conflicts among community members and second, functional efficiency which meets the common needs of community and third, communicational rationality which enhances the integrity of community members. We surveyed about 100 small and medium sized firms located at Pusan and Kyung-Nam area in order to find out whether firms have community like relationship with their consumers. We fine that most of firms realize the impotance of consumer networks, however most of firms consider this kind of network as a marketing strategy and a source of product design instead of more community oriented characteristics like mutual trust building and social interactions.

GIS를 이용한 위천유역에서의 유역평균강우량 산정방법의 비교

이정식,이재준,전병국 금오공과대학교 산업기술개발연구원 2001 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study is to compare the estimation methods for mean areal rainfall using ARC/INFO GIS system. Daily, monthly and yearly rainfall from Wi Cheon watershed are used to estimate the mean areal rainfall and 10 methods, Unweighted Mean(UM), Grouped Area-Aspect Weighted Mean(GAAWM), Thiessen Polygon(TP), Individual Area-Altitude Weighted Mean(IAAWM), Triangular AreaWeighted Mean(TAWM), Kriging(Kriging), Inverse Distance Weight(IDW), two-Axis(TA), Modified Polygon(MP), and Finite Element(FE) method are applied to ARC/INFO GIS system. To examine the variability of mean areal rainfall, the coefficient of variation is obtained from the each method and the result of Kringing method is used as the standard value and the average value of Kringing method is compared with the other methods. The mean areal rainfall of the existing procedures which use the topographical map are compared with those of ARC/INFO GIS system. The results of this study are as follows: (1) With the result from ARC/INFO GIS system it is shown that TA, IAAWM and FE methods have large values and GAAWM has small one. However there is little difference among those methods on the whole. (2) When the average value by Kriging method is used as the standard one, variation rates of average value about mean areal rainfall is not more than 4%, except GAAWM method. (3) The coefficient of variation of MP method has the maximum value and that of GAAWM method has the minimum one among the methods, However there is little difference among those methods on the whole. (4) The mean areal rainfall using ARC/INFO GIS system is almost similar to the existing methods which use the topographical map.

절화 카네이션의 급속 개화에 KI 및 NaBH₄가 미치는 영향

이인국,임정현,손기철 건국대학교 생명과학연구원 1994 생명과학지 Vol.1 No.-

어버이날이나 스승의 날과 같은 절화의 수요가 급증하는 시기에는 절화 카네이션의 수명보다는 오히려 화기의 급속열림의 필요성이 매우 중요하다. 왜냐하면, 대부분이 조기 채화되어 불개화되는 율이 높고, 목적상 일회적으로 사용되어지기 때문이다. 급속화기 열림제를 위하여 조사한바, 기본 용액(당 2%+8HQS 200ppm)에 NaBH?와 KI는 1mM의 농도에서 단독처리나 복합처리 모두 화기급속열림에 매우 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 1∼2일 후에 화경을 두 배로 증가시켰다. 그러나 이러한 급속화기 열림제는 고농도일 경우 절화수명은 오히려 단축시키는 것으로 나타났다. Rapid flower opening was much more important than flower longevity when cut carnation was in great demand such as Mother's or Teacher's day because carnations were mostly harvested at pre-open stage. Combination of 1mM NaBH? or/and 1mM KI together with a basal solution (surose 3%+8HQS 200ppm) have been found to be very effective in the rapid flower opening of cut carnation cv. Desio where they showed two fold increased flower diameter during 1 or 2 days after treatment. However, it was found that the higher concentration was, the shorter flower longevity was because of toxicity.

人蔘이 卵巢摘出로 誘發된 흰쥐의 骨多孔症 예방에 미치는 효능

정국영,서부일,이은숙,변부형,신순식,박지하 대한본초학회 2004 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

Objectives : The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effects of Ginseng Radix on prevention of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Methods : In this experiment, the rats were ovariectomized. Rats were administered by 2 kinds of medicine, Estradiol, Ginseng Radix. The levels of bone mineral density, osteocalcin, ALP, phosphorus, calcium in serum, deoxypyridinoline in urine, calcium, phosphorus, ash weight of bone, body weight and uterus weight were measured. Results : The levels of spinal bone mineral density was significantly increased in comparison with OVX group at 8 weeks in Ginseng Radix group. The levels of serum didn t show significant change in comparison with OVX group in Ginseng Radix group. The levels of urine deoxypyridinoline showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group in Ginseng Radix group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial ash weight didn t show significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Ginseng Radix group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial calcium showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Ginseng Radix group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial phosphorus showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Ginseng Radix group. The levels of body weight didn t show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in Ginseng Radix group. The levels of uterus weight didn t show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in Ginseng Radix group. Conclusions : Reviewing these experimetal results, it appears that Ginseng Radix have efficacy on prevention of osteoporosis. And further study should be conducted to illustrate in depth the curing and prevention of osteoprosis.

신부전이 동반된 당뇨병 환자에서 발생된 침습성 모균증 : 수술과 Liposomal amphotericin B 및 GM-CSF 병합 요법에 의한 성공적인 치험 1예

이원영,오기원,임국희,장재혁,이동건,최정현,강무일,신완식,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.4

저자들은 신부전이 동반된 당뇨병 환자에서 발생된 부비동형 모균증에 대하여 수술과 함께 liposomal amphotericin B 및 GM-CSF의 복합치료를 하여 성공적으로 치료한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) primarily affects diabetic or immunocompromised patients and typically progresses rapidly, necessitating surgical excision and antifungal therapy with amphotericin B. Large doses of amphotericin B are needed for cure, but it has the risk of causing significant renal toxicity. The recent development of liposomal amphotericin B allows antifungal therapy to be administered with potentially improved efficacy and reduced nephrotoxicity. We have experienced a case of paranasal mucormycosis successfully treated with surgery, liposomal amphotericin B and GM-CSF. A 59-year-old male suffering from diabetes mellitus for 6 years was admitted with pain at left maxillary area. He was diagnosed as mucormycosis after cytologic exam on the necrotic nasal mucosa, which showed typical hyphae. He have had diabetic nephropathy with macroproteinuria and had rapidly rising serum creatinine levels with the amphotericin B treatment: creatinine levels reverted to basal level with the use of liposomal amphotericin B. Despite surgical excision and continued antifungal therapy, his infection was not effectively controlled. Therefore, GM-CSF was administered additionally to improve phagocytic activity of leukocytes. He was finally cured after receiving a combination of aggressive surgery, liposomal amphotericin B and GM-CSF. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed clinical description of the treatment of mucormycosis with liposomal amphotericin B in Korea.