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방광 자극증상을 호소하는 복압성 요실금 환자에서 마이크로칩을 이용한 전기자극치료의 효과
정희창,정연호,신현진 영남대학교 의과대학 2004 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.21 No.2
복압성 요실금에 동반되는 다양한 방광 자극증상은 빈뇨, 잔뇨감, 야간뇨, 절박뇨, 절박성 요실금, 배뇨통의 순이었으며, 이 증상들의 복합 정도가 많으면 삶의 질에 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 마이크로칩을 이용한 전기자극기는 특별한 부작용 없이 환자의 만족도가 높은 치료기로 생각되었으며, 복압성 요실금과 동반되는 야간뇨, 배뇨통 등의 방광 자극증상을 경감시킴으로 인해 현재의 배뇨 상태가 일상생활에 미치는 영향을 감소시키는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. Purpose: This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of intravaginal pelvic floor electrical stimulation (FES) therapy on bladder irritability symptoms in stress urinary incontinent women. Materials and Methods: The evaluation before and after treatment included the Blaivas's female Bladder Questionnaire, the quality of life questionnaires and the overall satisfaction with present voiding state using visual analogue test (VAT). All patient were treated for 20 minutes, twice a week for 6 weeks, using a new intravaginal electrical stimulator with microchip (PIC16C74). Results: After the FES therapy, the overall success rate of the SUI was 50.4.% at 9 months. The bladder irritability symptoms such as frequency, nocturia, urgency, residual urine sensation and lower abdominal discomfort were improved. In particular, the symptoms of frequency, urge incontinence, dysuria were significantly improved after the FES therapy at 9 months. The VAT score of the overall satisfaction with the present voiding state was significantly lower after the FES therapy. 73.7% of patients were satisfied with the FES therapy and complications such as hemorrhage, vaginitis' urinary tract infection and pain were not encountered. Conclusion: These results suggest that FES therapy with microchip improves some bladder irritability in SUI women. Therefore, electrical stimulation therapy should be considered as a first line therapy in SUI women with bladder irritability symptoms.
TMA 포접화합물에 첨가제를 첨가한 경우의 열물성에 관한 연구
김창오,강승현,김광일,정종헌,정낙규,김진흥 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2003 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.25 No.2
TMA clathrate that is used as PCM of low temperature thermal storage system in this research creates hydrate crystallization at higher temperature than pure water, and its application is expected as PCM because of comparatively big latent heat without phase separation phenomenon. Ethylene Glycol is used as additive and evaluated experimentally for the purpose of the improvement in subcooling of TMA clathrate. In view of the results so far achieved subcooling is improved, the running time of the refrigerator is reduced. Thus the results are expected to use for the increase of coefficient of performance of low temperature thermal storage system in the building.
The Optimal Design of Low Noise of the Engine Cooling Fan using Kriging Method
Hyoun-Jin Sim(심현진),Sung-Hyoun Kim(김성현),Je-Seon Ryu(류제선),Kyung-Joon Cha(차경준),Jung-Yoon Lee(이정윤),Jae-Eung Oh(오재응) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.11
This paper proposes an optimal design scheme to reduce the noise of the engine cooling fan by adapting Kriging with two meta-heuristic techniques. An engineering model has been developed for the prediction of the noise spectrum of the engine cooling fan. The noise of the fan is expressed as the discrete frequency noise peaks at the BPF and its harmonics and line spectrum at the broad band by noise generation mechanisms. The object of this paper is to find the Optimal Design for Noise Reduction of the Engine Cooling Fan. We firstly show a comparison of the measured and calculated noise spectra of the fan for the validation of the noise prediction program. Orthogonal array is applied as design of experiments because it is suitable for Kriging. With these simulated data, we can estimate a correlation parameter of Kriging by solving the nonlinear problem with genetic algorithm and find an optimal level for the noise reduction of the cooling fan by optimizing Kriging estimates with simulated annealing. We notice that this optimal design scheme gives noticeable results. Therefore, an optimal design for the cooling fan is proposed by reducing the noise of its system.
Jung, Jin-Hee,Soh, Moon-Seung,Ahn, Young-Hwan,Um, Yoo-Jin,Jung, Ju-Yang,Suh, Chang-Hee,Kim, Hyoun-Ah Wolters Kluwer Health 2016 Medicine Vol.95 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The aim of the study was to examine the clinical characteristics and prognosis according to severity of thrombocytopenia and response to treatment for thrombocytopenia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</P><P>We retrospectively evaluated 230 SLE patients with thrombocytopenia, and reviewed their clinical data and laboratory findings. Thrombocytopenia was defined as platelet counts under 100,000/mm<SUP>3</SUP>, and patients were divided into 3 thrombocytopenia groups according to severity: mild (platelet counts >50,000/mm<SUP>3</SUP>), moderate (>20,000/mm<SUP>3</SUP>, ≤50,000/mm<SUP>3</SUP>), and severe (≤20,000/mm<SUP>3</SUP>). Clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognoses were compared among the groups. Furthermore, complete remission of thrombocytopenia was defined as platelet counts >100,000/mm<SUP>3</SUP> after treatment.</P><P>There was no significant difference in clinical or laboratory findings among the groups according to severity of thrombocytopenia. However, hemorrhagic complications were more frequent in severe thrombocytopenia (<I>P</I> < 0.001) and mortality was also higher (<I>P</I> = 0.001). Complete remission was achieved in 85.2% of patients. The clinical characteristics and modality of treatment did not differ between the patients with and without complete remission. Mortality in patients with complete remission (1.5%) was significantly lower than in those without complete remission (29.4%, <I>P</I> < 0.001). Survival was significantly higher in patients with complete remission from thrombocytopenia (odds ratio = 0.049, 95% confidence interval: 0.013–0.191, <I>P</I> < 0.001).</P><P>The severity of thrombocytopenia in SLE patients can be a useful independent prognostic factor to predict survival. Moreover, complete remission of thrombocytopenia after treatment is an important prognostic factor. The severity of thrombocytopenia and response to treatment should be closely monitored to predict prognosis in SLE patients.</P>
Urinary arsenic species concentration in residents living near abandoned metal mines in South Korea
Jin-Yong Chung,Byoung-Gwon Kim,Byung-Kook Lee,Jai-Dong Moon,Joon Sakong,Man Joong Jeon,Jung-Duck Park,Byung-Sun Choi,Nam-Soo Kim,Seung-Do Yu,Jung-Wook Seo,Byeong-Jin Ye,Hyoun-Ju Lim,Young-Seoub Hong 대한직업환경의학회 2016 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.28 No.-
Background: Arsenic is a carcinogenic heavy metal that has a species-dependent health effects and abandoned metal mines are a source of significant arsenic exposure. Therefore, the aims of this study were to analyze urinary arsenic species and their concentration in residents living near abandoned metal mines and to monitor the environmental health effects of abandoned metal mines in Korea. Methods: This study was performed in 2014 to assess urinary arsenic excretion patterns of residents living near abandoned metal mines in South Korea. Demographic data such as gender, age, mine working history, period of residency, dietary patterns, smoking and alcohol use, and type of potable water consumed were obtaining using a questionnaire. Informed consent was also obtained from all study subjects (n = 119). Urinary arsenic species were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). Results: The geometric mean of urinary arsenic (sum of dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid, As<SUP>3+</SUP>, and As<SUP>5+</SUP>) concentration was determined to be 131.98 μg/L (geometric mean; 95% CI, 116.72–149.23) while urinary inorganic arsenic (As<SUP>3+</SUP> and As<SUP>5+</SUP>) concentration was 0.81 μg/L (95% CI, 0.53–1.23). 66.3% (n = 79) and 21.8% (n = 26) of these samples exceeded ATSDR reference values for urinary arsenic (>100 μg/L) and inorganic arsenic (>10 μg/L), respectively. Mean urinary arsenic concentrations (geometric mean, GM) were higher in women then in men, and increased with age. Of the five regions evaluated, while four regions had inorganic arsenic concentrations less than 0. 40 μg/L, one region showed a significantly higher concentration (GM 15.48 μg/L; 95% CI, 7.51–31.91) which investigates further studies to identify etiological factors. Conclusion: We propose that the observed elevation in urinary arsenic concentration in residents living near abandoned metal mines may be due to environmental contamination from the abandoned metal mine. Trial registration: Not Applicable (We do not have health care intervention on human participants).
실험계획법을 이용한 차량 공조시스템의 시끄러움과 날카로움 분석
심현진(Hyoun-Jin Sim),윤태건(Taekun Yun),박상길(Sang-Gil Park),이해진(Hae-Jin Lee),이정윤(Jung-Yoon Lee),오재응(Jae-Eung Oh) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.11
Since human listening is very sensitive when the sound hit him, the subjective index of sound quality is required. Therefore, at each situation of sound evaluation its composed with the sound quality factor. But, when substituting the level of one frequency band we could not see the tendency of substitution at whole frequency band during the sound quality evaluation. In this study a design of experiment is used. The frequency domain is divided into an equally 12 parts and each level of domain whether is given increase or decrease due to the change of frequency band based on ‘loud’ and ‘sharp’ of the sound quality is analyzed. By using the design of experiment the number of test is reduce very effectively by the number of experiment and each band the main effect will be as a solution. The case of sound quality for ‘loud’ and ‘sharp’ at each band, the change of band (increase or decrease of sound pressure or keep maintain) which will be the most effects on the characteristics of sound quality can be identify and this will be able to us to select the objective frequency band. Through these obtained results the physical changes of level at arbitrary frequency domain sensitivity can be adapted.
적외선 램프 가열방식을 이용한 태양전지 셀의 솔더링 공정 및 열처리 조건 별 특성 평가
손형진(Hyoun Jin Son),이정진(Jung Jin Lee),김성현(Sung Hyun Kim) 한국태양광발전학회 2016 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.4 No.2
A key point of a soldering process for photovoltaic (PV) modules is to increase an adhesive strength leading a low resistivity between ribbon and cell. In this study, we intended to optimize a heating condition for the soldering process and characterize the soldered joint via physical and chemical analysis methods. For the purpose, the heating conditions were adjusted by IR lamp power, heating time and hot plate temperature for preheating a cell. Since then the peel test for the ribbon and cell was conducted, consequently the peel strength data shows that there is some optimum soldering condition. In here, we observed that the peel strength was modified by increasing the heating condition. Such a soldering property is affected by a various factors of which the soldered joint, flux and bus bar of the cell are changed on the heating condition. Therefore, we tried to reveal causes determining the soldering property through analyzing the soldered interface.