Effect of ciglitazone on adipogenic transdifferentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells

( Junfang Zhang ),( Qiang Li ),( Yan Yan ),( Bin Sun ),( Ying Wang ),( Lin Tang ),( Enze Wang ),( Jia Yu ),( Kim Margarette Corpuz Nogoy ),( Xiangzi Li ),( Seong-Ho Choi ) 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.4

Ciglitazone is a member of the thiazolidinedione family, and specifically binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), thereby promoting adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesized that ciglitazone as a PPARγ ligand in the absence of an adipocyte differentiation cocktail would increase adiponectin and adipogenic gene expression in bovine satellite cells (BSC). Muscle-derived BSCs were isolated from six, 18-month-old Yanbian Yellow Cattle. The BSC were cultured for 96 h in differentiation medium containing 5 μM ciglitazone (CL), 10 μM ciglitazone (CM), or 20 μM ciglitazone (CH). Control (CON) BSC were cultured only in a differentiation medium (containing 2% horse serum). The presence of myogenin, desmin, and paired box 7 (Pax7) proteins was confirmed in the BSC by immunofluorescence staining. The CL, CM, and CH treatments produced higher concentrations of triacylglycerol and lipid droplet accumulation in myotubes than those of the CON treatment. Ciglitazone treatments significantly increased the relative expression of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), C/EBPβ, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and perilipin 2. Ciglitazone treatments increased gene expression of Pax3 and Pax7 and decreased expression of myogenic differentiation-1, myogenin, myogenic regulatory factor-5, and myogenin-4 (p < 0.01). Adiponectin concentration caused by ciglitazone treatments was significantly greater than CON (p < 0.01). RNA sequencing showed that 281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the treatments of ciglitazone. DEGs gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the top 10 GO enrichment significantly changed the biological processes such as protein trimerization, negative regulation of cell proliferation, adipocytes differentiation, and cellular response to external stimulus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that DEGs were involved in the p53 signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, biosynthesis of amino acids, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. These results indicate that ciglitazone acts as PPARγ agonist, effectively increases the adiponectin concentration and adipogenic gene expression, and stimulates the conversion of BSC to adipocyte-like cells in the absence of adipocyte differentiation cocktail.

Effect of palmitoleic acid on the differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells

( Junfang Zhang ),( Qiang Li ),( Kim Margarette Corpuz Nogoy ),( Jianfu Sun ),( Bin Sun ),( Ying Wang ),( Lin Tang ),( Jia Yu ),( Xin Jin ),( Xiangzi Li ),( Seong-Ho Choi ) 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.4

We hypothesized that the unsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid (POA) could promote the expression of adipogenic/lipogenic genes in bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells (BSCs). The BSCs were cultured in a growth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. When the cells reached 80%-90% confluence, we used the differentiation medium with 5% horse serum for differentiation for 96 h. The differentiation medium contained 50 μM, 100 μM and 200 μM POA. Control BSC were cultured only in differentiation media. Compared with the control BSC, the POA BSC significantly up-regulated the expression of paired box 3 (Pax3) and paired box 7 (Pax7) and down-regulated myogenin gene expression (p < 0.01), which indicates a depression in muscle fiber development. However, all POA treatments up-regulated the expression of the adipocyte transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and beta (C/EBP α and C/EBP β), and other genes (p < 0.01) and increased the expression of PAT-family proteins and the concentration of adiponectin in the media. These results indicate that POA can convert part of BSCs into adipocytes.

iTRAQ-facilitated proteomic analysis of Bacillus cereus via degradation of malachite green

Bobo Wang,Jing Lu,Junfang Zheng,Zhisheng Yu 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.2

The wide use of malachite green (MG) as a dye has caused substantial concern owing to its toxicity. Bacillus cereus can against the toxic effect of MG and efficiently decolourise it. However, detailed information regarding its underlying adaptation and degradation mechanisms based on proteomic data is scarce. In this study, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-facilitated quantitative method was applied to analyse the molecular mechanisms by which B. cereus degrades MG. Based on this analysis, 209 upregulated proteins and 198 downregulated proteins were identified with a false discovery rate of 1% or less during MG biodegradation. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis determined that the differentially expressed proteins were enriched in metabolic processes, catalytic activity, antioxidant activity, and responses to stimuli. Furthermore, real-time qPCR was utilised to further confirm the regulated proteins involved in benzoate degradation. The proteins BCE_4076 (Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase), BCE_5143 (Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase), BCE_5144 (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase), BCE_4651 (Enoyl-CoA hydratase), and BCE_5474 (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) involved in the benzoate degradation pathway may play an important role in the biodegradation of MG by B. cereus. The results of this study not only provide a comprehensive view of proteomic changes in B. cereus upon MG loading but also shed light on the mechanism underlying MG biodegradation by B. cereus.

Change Detection Algorithm on Wavelet and Markov Random Field

Song Hongxun,Wang Weixing,Zhang Tingting,Yu Tianchao,Song Junfang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.4

In this study, the algorithm that applies Wavelet and multi-scale analysis to remote sensing images is proposed for region variation detection on Markov random field. First of all, the Wavelet transform is adopted to decompose an original image into several sub-images, then the Mahalanobis distance decision function is used to detect the changes in different scale images, and finally the Markov random field is applied to fuse the change detection results at different scales. Since the Markov random field fusion method takes full account of the correlation between the adjacent pixels and the links of the change detection results at different scales, the fusion results are accurate and practical. The testing results prove that the studied algorithm is effective and robust.

Structural damage alarming and localization of cable-supported bridges using multi-novelty indices: a feasibility study

Yi-Qing Ni,Junfang Wang,Tommy H.T. Chan 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.54 No.2

This paper presents a feasibility study on structural damage alarming and localization of longspancable-supported bridges using multi-novelty indices formulated by monitoring-derived modalparameters. The proposed method which requires neither structural model nor damage model is applicable tostructures of arbitrary complexity. With the intention to enhance the tolerance to measurementnoise/uncertainty and the sensitivity to structural damage, an improved novelty index is formulated in termsof auto-associative neural networks (ANNs) where the output vector is designated to differ from the inputvector while the training of the ANNs needs only the measured modal properties of the intact structure underin-service conditions. After validating the enhanced capability of the improved novelty index for structuraldamage alarming over the commonly configured novelty index, the performance of the improved noveltyindex for damage occurrence detection of large-scale bridges is examined through numerical simulationstudies of the suspension Tsing Ma Bridge (TMB) and the cable-stayed Ting Kau Bridge (TKB) incurredwith different types of structural damage. Then the improved novelty index is extended to formulate multinoveltyindices in terms of the measured modal frequencies and incomplete modeshape components fordamage region identification. The capability of the formulated multi-novelty indices for damage regionidentification is also examined through numerical simulations of the TMB and TKB.

Age quadratically affects intestinal calcium and phosphorus transporter gene expression in broiler chickens

Lv, Xianliang,Hao, Junfang,Wu, Lihua,Liu, Mengyuan,He, Lei,Qiao, Yingying,Cui, Yanyan,Wang, Guan,Zhang, Chunmei,Qu, Hongxia,Han, Jincheng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.12

Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the effects of age on growth, tibia development, and intestinal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) transporter gene expressions in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 224 male Arbor Acres broilers were fed with nutrient-adequate diets and reared in eight cages (28 broilers per cage). Eight broilers (one broiler per cage) were selected and killed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 days of age, respectively. Results: Body weight continuously increased with age of broiler chickens from 5 to 40 days. The bone weight, ash weight, diameter, and length of the tibia also increased with broiler age. By contrast, the tibia ash, Ca, and P percentages quadratically changed with age (p<0.001), and the highest values of mineral contents were observed at 20, 25, and 25 days of age, respectively. The mRNA abundances of calcium-binding protein 28-kDa (CaBP-D28k), sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1), and plasma membrane ATPase 1b (PMCA1b) increased from 5 to 25 days and then decreased up to 40 days. Similar results were noted in the mRNA abundances of IIb sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIb), inorganic phosphate transporter 1 (PiT-1), inorganic phosphate transporter 2 (PiT-2), nuclear vitamin D receptor (nVDR), and membrane vitamin D receptor (mVDR). The mRNA abundances of Ca and P transporters and VDRs were the highest at 25 days of age. Conclusion: These data indicate that age quadratically affects intestinal Ca and P transporter gene expression and mineral absorption capacity in broiler chickens.

Structural damage alarming and localization of cable-supported bridges using multi-novelty indices: a feasibility study

Ni, Yi-Qing,Wang, Junfang,Chan, Tommy H.T. Techno-Press 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.54 No.2

This paper presents a feasibility study on structural damage alarming and localization of long-span cable-supported bridges using multi-novelty indices formulated by monitoring-derived modal parameters. The proposed method which requires neither structural model nor damage model is applicable to structures of arbitrary complexity. With the intention to enhance the tolerance to measurement noise/uncertainty and the sensitivity to structural damage, an improved novelty index is formulated in terms of auto-associative neural networks (ANNs) where the output vector is designated to differ from the input vector while the training of the ANNs needs only the measured modal properties of the intact structure under in-service conditions. After validating the enhanced capability of the improved novelty index for structural damage alarming over the commonly configured novelty index, the performance of the improved novelty index for damage occurrence detection of large-scale bridges is examined through numerical simulation studies of the suspension Tsing Ma Bridge (TMB) and the cable-stayed Ting Kau Bridge (TKB) incurred with different types of structural damage. Then the improved novelty index is extended to formulate multi-novelty indices in terms of the measured modal frequencies and incomplete modeshape components for damage region identification. The capability of the formulated multi-novelty indices for damage region identification is also examined through numerical simulations of the TMB and TKB.

Effect of Supplementary Dietary L-carnitine and Yeast Chromium on Lipid Metabolism of Laying Hens

Du, Rong,Qin, Jian,Wang, Jundong,Pang, Quanhai,Zhang, Chunshan,Jiang, Junfang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.2

Two hundred and eighty-eight 21-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly allotted to 9 treatments, 32 birds for each treatment. A 3${\times}$3 (chromium${\times}$L-carnitine) factorial experiment was designed to investigate the single and interactive effects of adding yeast chromium (0, 400 and 600 ${\mu}g/kg$) and L-carnitine (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg) to corn-soybean diets on lipid metabolism of laying hens for 7 weeks. The results showed that 600 ${\mu}g/kg$ chromium or 100 mg/kg L-carnitine had significant effects on most indices of lipid metabolism (p<0.05 or 0.01). There were significant interactions on the concentration of liver triglycerides, egg yolk cholesterol, abdominal fat percentage between chromium and L-carnitine (p=0.0003-0.0500). Adding 400 ${\mu}g/kg$ chromium and 100 mg/kg Lcarnitine simultaneously was the best for reducing egg yolk cholesterol and adding 400 ${\mu}g/kg$ chromium and 50 mg/kg L-carnitine at the same time was the best for reducing abdominal fat percentage. There was no side effect on production performance of laying hens while chromium or (and) L-carnitine reduced liver lipid, abdominal fat and egg yolk cholesterol.

Effects of Montmorillonite Nanocomposite on Mercury Residues in Growing/Finishing Pigs

Lin, Xianglin,Xu, Zirong,Zou, Xiaoting,Wang, Feng,Yan, Xianghua,Jiang, Junfang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.10

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of montmorillonite anocomposite (MNC) on mercury residues in growing/finishing pigs. A total of 96 cross bred pigs ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}large$ white, 48 barrows and gilts respectively), with similar initial weight (27.87${\pm}$1.15 kg), were used in this study. The animals were randomly assigned to two concentrations of mercury (0.1 and 0.3 ppm from $HgCl_2$) and two levels (0 and 0.3%) of MNC in a $2{\times}2$factorial arrangement of treatments. Each group has 3 pens (replications), and each pen has 8 pigs (4 barrows and 4 gilts). The experiment lasted for 90 days. The results showed that pig growth performances were not affected significantly by inclusion of Hg and addition of MNC (p$\geq$0.05). It indicated that the extent of intoxication in these pigs were not severe enough to impair growth performances. Both on the bases of 0.1 ppm and 0.3 ppm mercury supplementations, addition of 0.3% MNC markedly decreased mercury levels of blood, muscle, kidney and liver tissue (p<0.05). These results implied that the addition of non-nutritive sorptive material, MNC, could effectively reduce the gastrointestinal absorption of mercury via its specific adsorption, with a consequent reduction of mercury residues in body tissues. MNC had offered an encouraging solution to produce safe animal products with mercury contaminated feed.

Ultrathin Biocompatible Electrospun Fiber Films for Self-Powered Human Motion Sensor

Gengrui Zhao,Shaobo Gong,Honggang Wang,Junfang Ren,Na Wang,Yawen Yang,Gui Gao,Shengsheng Chen,Linlin Li 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.3

In recent years, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been proven to be an effective and simple solution for self-powered wearable sensing, and a wide variety of materials and methods have been applied to TENG based sensors. In this study, an ultrathin fiber film with nanoporous brain-like structure (BUF) was obtained by cold-pressing the electrospun biocompatible fiber mats, and a wearable TENG sensor based on the BUF films that could sensitively detect human motion was demonstrated. This simply designed self-powered sensor was composed of Kapton as the shell and ultrathin, biocompatible poly L-lactic acid and ethyl cellulose (EC) fiber films as the triboelectric layers, prepared by convenient electrospinning method and cold-pressing. Compared to as-spun fiber mats, cold-pressed fiber membranes not only acquire overall compact structure but also remained porous surface morphology, which improved the triboelectric outputs and operational stability of TENG. Three TENGs were fabricated to evaluate the effects of different triboelectric layers on triboelectric outputs, and the BUF-TENG had the maximum triboelectric outputs (19 V, 630 nA at 3.5 Hz) and longer life than as-spun fiber mats based TENG. The BUF-TENG had linear relationship between triboelectric outputs and frequency, and sensitivities of 32.4, 0.94 and 0.22 V Hz−1 in the range of 0.1–0.35, 0.35–2 and 2–3.5 Hz, respectively. Moreover, a self-powered sensor based on the BUF-TENG was proposed to sensitively detect human walking state and limbs motion. With convenient preparation process and biocompatible materials, the BUF-TENG sensor could be a potential self-powered wearable and portable sensor in future health care and monitoring field.