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Gao, Quan-Gui,Zhou, Li-Ping,Lee, Vien Hoi-Yi,Chan, Hoi-Yi,Man, Cornelia Wing-Yin,Wong, Man-Sau The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4
Background: Ginsenoside Rg1 was shown to exert ligand-independent activation of estrogen receptor (ER) via mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated pathway. Our study aimed to delineate the mechanisms by which Rg1 activates the rapid ER signaling pathways. Methods: ER-positive human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and ER-negative human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells were treated with Rg1 ($10^{-12}M$, $10^{-8}M$), $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($10^{-8}M$), or vehicle. Immunoprecipitation was conducted to investigate the interactions between signaling protein and ER in MCF-7 cells. To determine the roles of these signaling proteins in the actions of Rg1, small interfering RNA or their inhibitors were applied. Results: Rg1 rapidly induced $ER{\alpha}$ translocation to plasma membrane via caveolin-1 and the formation of signaling complex involving linker protein (Shc), insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, modulator of nongenomic activity of ER (MNAR), $ER{\alpha}$, and cellular nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (c-Src) in MCF-7 cells. The induction of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) phosphorylation in MCF-7 cells by Rg1 was suppressed by cotreatment with small interfering RNA against these signaling proteins. The stimulatory effects of Rg1 on MEK phosphorylation in these cells were suppressed by both PP2 (Src kinase inhibitor) and AG1478 [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor]. In addition, Rg1-induced estrogenic activities, EGFR and MEK phosphorylation in MCF-7 cells were abolished by cotreatment with G15 (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 antagonist). The increase in intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation, but not Ca mobilization, in MCF-7 cells by Rg1 could be abolished by G15. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg1 exerted estrogenic actions by rapidly inducing the formation of ER containing signalosome in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, Rg1 could activate EGFR and c-Src ER-independently and exert estrogenic effects via rapid activation of membrane-associated ER and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor.
高書貴(Gao, Shu-Gui),孫多玉(Sun, Tuo-yu) 한국중어중문학회 2011 中語中文學 Vol.50 No.-
This paper investigates the frame semantics through logical starting point of the mood adverb “Xingkui”, the logical semantic relations implied in it, and the semantic function of sentence containing it. That is, “Xingkui” is a result of grammaticalization of the frame semantics and itself a kind of semantics grammar sign. Parts of sentence structure of the frame semantics can be represented as zero-forms or as marking forms of the non-adverb vocabulary.
Quan-Gui Gao,Li-Ping Zhou,Vien Hoi-Yi Lee,Hoi-Yi Chan,Cornelia Wing-Yin Man,Man-Sau Wong 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4
Background: Ginsenoside Rg1 was shown to exert ligand-independent activation of estrogen receptor(ER) via mitogen-activated protein kinaseemediated pathway. Our study aimed to delineate themechanisms by which Rg1 activates the rapid ER signaling pathways. Methods: ER-positive human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and ER-negative human embryonic kidneyHEK293 cells were treated with Rg1 (10 12M, 10 8M), 17ß-estradiol (10 8M), or vehicle. Immunoprecipitationwas conducted to investigate the interactions between signaling protein and ER in MCF-7 cells. To determine the roles of these signaling proteins in the actions of Rg1, small interfering RNA or theirinhibitors were applied. Results: Rg1 rapidly induced ERa translocation to plasma membrane via caveolin-1 and the formation ofsignaling complex involving linker protein (Shc), insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, modulator ofnongenomic activity of ER (MNAR), ERa, and cellular nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (c-Src) in MCF-7 cells. The induction of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(MEK) phosphorylation in MCF-7 cells by Rg1 was suppressed by cotreatment with small interferingRNA against these signaling proteins. The stimulatory effects of Rg1 on MEK phosphorylation in thesecells were suppressed by both PP2 (Src kinase inhibitor) and AG1478 [epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) inhibitor]. In addition, Rg1-induced estrogenic activities, EGFR and MEK phosphorylation in MCF-7 cells were abolished by cotreatment with G15 (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 antagonist). Theincrease in intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation, but not Ca mobilization, in MCF-7 cells by Rg1 could beabolished by G15. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg1 exerted estrogenic actions by rapidly inducing the formation of ER containingsignalosome in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, Rg1 could activate EGFR and c-Src ER-independentlyand exert estrogenic effects via rapid activation of membrane-associated ER and G protein-coupled estrogenreceptor.
高書貴(Gao Shu Gui),孫多玉(Sun Duo Yu) 한국중어중문학회 2007 中語中文學 Vol.41 No.-
“當做, 看做”를 뜻한 동사 “算(是)”는, 중국어를 모국어로 사용하지 않은 사람이 중국어를 학습할 때 부딪치는 하나의 난제로 다루어지고 있다. 즉 현존의 사전이나 교재에서 “當做, 看做”의 뜻을 갖는 “算(是)”에 대한 해석이 일치하지 않다는 것이다. 본 문은 의미기능문법의 이론적 틀 안에서 “算(是)”가 의미적 측면에서 지배하는 범위를 논하였다. 아울러 그중에서 의미적 구조관계도 함께 찾고자 시도하였고, “算(是)”의 語氣副詞로 허화 전환하는 경향도 제시했다. 그리고 본 문의 연구대상은 “算(是)”의 목적어가 명사인 句의 경우로 제한하였다.
高書貴(Shu-Gui Gao) 중국어문논역학회 2012 中國語文論譯叢刊 Vol.0 No.30
Whenever the verb ‘suan’ expresses equivalency between subject and object, it can be followed by ‘shi’. This paper aims to show: 1. Strict equivalent objects connected by ‘shi’ cannot be substituted by ‘suan(shi)’. 2. When expressing categorization, the major semantic feature of ‘shi’ is to put the subject to the center or almost center of the domain of the object, whereas ‘suan(shi)’ puts the former to the boundary of the latter. 3. The rules above extend to the metaphoric uses of ‘shi’ and ‘suan(shi)’. The difference between semantic features determines their respective syntactic properties. We conclude that ‘suan(shi)’ should be categorized as a quasi-copula.
Feng-Shan Gao,Xian-zhu Xia,Yu-Wei Gao,Ya-Duo Bai,Xiao-Huan Zou,Gui-Xue Hu 대한수의학회 2009 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.10 No.3
Two giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) died of unknown causes in a Chinese zoo. The clinical disease profile suggested that the pandas may have suffered a viral infection. Therefore, a series of detection including virus isolation, electron microscopy, cytobiological assay, serum neutralization and RT-PCR were used to identify the virus. It was determined that the isolated virus was a canine coronavirus (CCV), on the basis of coronavirus, neutralization by canine anti-CCV serum, and 84.3% to 100% amino acid sequence similarity with CCV. The results suggest that the affected pandas had been infected with CCV.