Antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity of glucosamine-zinc(II) complex via non-enzymatic browning reaction

Shuping Wu,Xiangzi Dai,Fangdi Shilong,Maiyong Zhu,Xiaojuan Shen,Kan Zhang,Songjun Li 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.1

Coordination compounds play an important role in the life process, and have been widely used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. Herein, we have developed a novel kind of glucosamine-zinc(II) complex (GlcN-ZC) for food additive using non-enzymatic browning reaction. The GlcN-ZC was characterized by FTIR and XRD. Moreover, UV absorbance changes, browning intensity, fluorescence changes, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial assessment of GlcN-ZC were also evaluated. Results showed the GlcN-ZC intermediate compounds were accumulated in non-enzymatic browning while prolonging heating time and melanoidins were produced in the final stage. The fluorescence changes confirmed that fluorophores were formed during the non-enzymatic reaction and fluorescence intensity reached a maximun at 60 min. The highest radical scavenging activity of GlcN-ZC formed after 180 min of heating was 79.2%. Furthermore, GlcN-ZC exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Therefore, GlcN-ZC can be used as a novel promising additive in the food industry.

Effect of ciglitazone on adipogenic transdifferentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells

( Junfang Zhang ),( Qiang Li ),( Yan Yan ),( Bin Sun ),( Ying Wang ),( Lin Tang ),( Enze Wang ),( Jia Yu ),( Kim Margarette Corpuz Nogoy ),( Xiangzi Li ),( Seong-Ho Choi ) 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.4

Ciglitazone is a member of the thiazolidinedione family, and specifically binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), thereby promoting adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesized that ciglitazone as a PPARγ ligand in the absence of an adipocyte differentiation cocktail would increase adiponectin and adipogenic gene expression in bovine satellite cells (BSC). Muscle-derived BSCs were isolated from six, 18-month-old Yanbian Yellow Cattle. The BSC were cultured for 96 h in differentiation medium containing 5 μM ciglitazone (CL), 10 μM ciglitazone (CM), or 20 μM ciglitazone (CH). Control (CON) BSC were cultured only in a differentiation medium (containing 2% horse serum). The presence of myogenin, desmin, and paired box 7 (Pax7) proteins was confirmed in the BSC by immunofluorescence staining. The CL, CM, and CH treatments produced higher concentrations of triacylglycerol and lipid droplet accumulation in myotubes than those of the CON treatment. Ciglitazone treatments significantly increased the relative expression of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), C/EBPβ, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and perilipin 2. Ciglitazone treatments increased gene expression of Pax3 and Pax7 and decreased expression of myogenic differentiation-1, myogenin, myogenic regulatory factor-5, and myogenin-4 (p < 0.01). Adiponectin concentration caused by ciglitazone treatments was significantly greater than CON (p < 0.01). RNA sequencing showed that 281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the treatments of ciglitazone. DEGs gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the top 10 GO enrichment significantly changed the biological processes such as protein trimerization, negative regulation of cell proliferation, adipocytes differentiation, and cellular response to external stimulus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that DEGs were involved in the p53 signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, biosynthesis of amino acids, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. These results indicate that ciglitazone acts as PPARγ agonist, effectively increases the adiponectin concentration and adipogenic gene expression, and stimulates the conversion of BSC to adipocyte-like cells in the absence of adipocyte differentiation cocktail.

Effect of palmitoleic acid on the differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells

( Junfang Zhang ),( Qiang Li ),( Kim Margarette Corpuz Nogoy ),( Jianfu Sun ),( Bin Sun ),( Ying Wang ),( Lin Tang ),( Jia Yu ),( Xin Jin ),( Xiangzi Li ),( Seong-Ho Choi ) 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.4

We hypothesized that the unsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid (POA) could promote the expression of adipogenic/lipogenic genes in bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells (BSCs). The BSCs were cultured in a growth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. When the cells reached 80%-90% confluence, we used the differentiation medium with 5% horse serum for differentiation for 96 h. The differentiation medium contained 50 μM, 100 μM and 200 μM POA. Control BSC were cultured only in differentiation media. Compared with the control BSC, the POA BSC significantly up-regulated the expression of paired box 3 (Pax3) and paired box 7 (Pax7) and down-regulated myogenin gene expression (p < 0.01), which indicates a depression in muscle fiber development. However, all POA treatments up-regulated the expression of the adipocyte transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and beta (C/EBP α and C/EBP β), and other genes (p < 0.01) and increased the expression of PAT-family proteins and the concentration of adiponectin in the media. These results indicate that POA can convert part of BSCs into adipocytes.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity of glucosamine-zinc(II) complex via non-enzymatic browning reaction

Wu, Shuping,Dai, Xiangzi,Shilong, Fangdi,Zhu, Maiyong,Shen, Xiaojuan,Zhang, Kan,Li, Songjun 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.1

Coordination compounds play an important role in the life process, and have been widely used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. Herein, we have developed a novel kind of glucosamine-zinc(II) complex (GlcN-ZC) for food additive using non-enzymatic browning reaction. The GlcN-ZC was characterized by FTIR and XRD. Moreover, UV absorbance changes, browning intensity, fluorescence changes, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial assessment of GlcN-ZC were also evaluated. Results showed the GlcN-ZC intermediate compounds were accumulated in non-enzymatic browning while prolonging heating time and melanoidins were produced in the final stage. The fluorescence changes confirmed that fluorophores were formed during the non-enzymatic reaction and fluorescence intensity reached a maximun at 60 min. The highest radical scavenging activity of GlcN-ZC formed after 180 min of heating was 79.2%. Furthermore, GlcN-ZC exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Therefore, GlcN-ZC can be used as a novel promising additive in the food industry.

폐식용유를 이용한 한우 비육용 배합사료 내 곡류 에너지 절감 연구

송만강(M. K. Song),김광림(G. L. Jin),Shinekhuu Jugdder,Xiangzi Li,지병주(B. J. Ji),정준(J. Jeong) 충북대학교 동물생명과학연구소 2009 동물생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-

본 시험은 반추위 누관이 장착된 소 3두를 이용하여 식품회사에서 사용된 후 폐기물로 버려지는 폐식용유 중 야자유의 첨가수준이 소의 반추위내 분해율, 각종 발효특성 및 각 영양소의 전장소화율에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 기초사료로 시판 한우 비육 후기용 배합사료로 급여하였으며(대조구, CON), 배합사료의 3%(3%POW) 또는 5%(5%POW) 수준으로 폐식용유를 첨가하였다. 배합사료와 조사료의 급여비율은 건물기준으로 80:20의 비율로 하여 1일 8kg(급여상태 기준)을 동일한 양으로 나누어 2회 급여하였다. 폐식용유를 더 많이 첨가할수록 첨가하지 않은 대조구에 비하여 반추위액의 pH는 증가되는 경향이었다. 암모니아태 질소의 농도 변화 및 농도는 세 가지 처리에서 큰 차이가 없었다. 전반적으로 사료급여 후 시간이 경과됨에 따라 대조구에 비하여 폐식용유를 3% 및 5%를 급여한 소의 반추위액 내 총 VFA의 농도가 유의적인 차이는 없었지만 대체적으로 다소 낮아지는 결과였다. 총 휘발성 지방산의 생성량에는 약간의 차이가 있었으나 각각의 지방산 조성비율에는 크게 영향하지 않았다. 건물, 유기물, 조단백질 및 NDF 모두 크게 영향하지 않았지만 대조구(23.44%)에 비하여 오히려 3% 대체구(29.47%)와 5% 대체구(25.25%)가 다소 높은 편이였다. 건물의 반추위내 유효 분해율은 대조구에 비하여 폐식용유 첨가구에서 모두 높았으며, 3% 첨가구는 26.76%로 5% 첨가구(15.56%) 및 대조구(15.05%)에 비하여 다소 높게 조사되었다. 조단백질의 유효 분해율은 대조구(37.7%)에 비하여 3%(39.56%) 및 5%(39.26%)에 비하여 다소 낮은 경향이었으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다. NDF의 유효 분해율도 비슷헌 경향이었지만 처리간 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 건물, 유기물, 조단백질, 조지방 및 NDF의 전장소화율은 경우에 따라 차이를 나타내고 있으나 큰 차이는 없었다. 그러나, 건물과 유기물의 전장소화율에서 유의적인 차이는 아니지만 폐식용유를 첨가한 량이 증가될수록 소화율이 감소됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 조지방의 전장소화율은 전 소화기관을 걸쳐 대조구가 62.65%가 소화된 반면 3% 첨가구는 67.90% 및 5%첨가구는 72.79%로 나타났다. NDF의 전장소화율에 있어서는 대조구의 경우 79.30%였지만 3% 첨가구는 72.27%, 그리고 5% 첨가구는 66.92%로 페식용유의 사료 내 첨가 수준이 증가될수록 섬유질원의 전장소화율이 낮아졌다. 본 실험의 결과로 미루어 보아 폐식용유의 첨가, 급여가 옥수수와 같은 곡류사료 에너지의 일부를 대체함으로서 고급육 생산에 필수적인 장기 비육시 소요되는 과중한 사료비의 절감을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 국내 라면공장이나 레스토랑 등에서 사용 후 폐기물로 처리되는 폐식용유를 가축(한우) 비육을 위한 사료자원으로 활용할 수 있는 방법을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 특히, 사료 내 지방(폐식용유)를 첨가할 경우 배합사료를 다량 급여했을 때 발생할 수 있는 반추위내의 급격한 발효 현상을 감소시켜 사료의 이용성을 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The present metabolic study was conducted with 3 ruminally cannulated cows in a 3 x 3 Latin square design to estimate the effect of addition level of palm oil waste(POW) on ruminal fermentation characteristics, effective degradability in the rumen and whole tract digestibility of diets. The cows were fed diet consisting of concentrates(80%) for late fattening and rice straw(20%, DM basis, Control). Cows were fed concentrates supplemented with POW at the level of 3%(3%POW) or 5%(5%POW). Cows were fed total 8㎏(as fed basis) twice daily in an equal amount. Addition of POW tended to increase pH in rumen fluid compared to control but did not influenced ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. The POW slightly reduced total volatile fatty acid(VFA) concentration as the collection time of rumen fluid advanced but did not affect the each VFA proportion. Effective deradavility of dry matter(EDDM) in the rumen was highest in 3%POW(26.76%) compared to those of control(15.05%) and 5%POW(15.56%) and EDCP of control, 3%POW and 5%POW were 37.7%, 39.56% and 39.26%, respectively. Addition of POW tended to decrease whole tract digestibility of DM and organic matter but slightly increased whole tract digestibility of ether extract in diet. As expected, whole tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber of diet was reduced by addition of POW. Based on the results of the predent study, POW addition to the diet(concentrates) could replace the cereal grain in the concentrates in dietary energy and could save feed cost, especially for the fatening period of beef cattle that requires high energy for the marbling. In addition, POW addition can slower the fermentation of diet, thus result in better environment of the rumen.

Effect of different harvesting times on the nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of late and early-maturing forage oats by rumen microbes

ZHANG YAN,이혜연,Kim Margarette Nogoy,최창원,김도형,Xiangzi Li,최성호 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2019 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.46 No.1

Late-maturing Dark Horse, and early-maturing High Speed oat varieties were seeded on March 3, 2016 and harvested on three periods: May 31, June 10, and June 20 coded as early, mid, and late-harvest, respectively. Dried and ground samples were subjected to chemical analysis to determine nutritional values such as crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), organic matter (OM), and total digestible nutrient (TDN). Effective degradability (ED) of nutrients and fermentation characteristics including volatile fatty acid (VFA) composition, pH, gas production, and ammonia-N concentration were evaluated through an in vitro digestion method. Varieties of oat hays showed significant difference in terms of nutritional value, ED, and fermentation characteristics. Dark Horse showed higher CP and OM, and lower EE contents than High Speed. Dark Horse also showed higher EDDM (dry matter), NDF, ADF, and OM than High Speed, and although High Speed showed higher pH and ammonia-N, it had lower gas and total VFA production than Dark Horse. However, in terms of harvest period, significant difference was only observed in Dark Horse where early-harvest increased the CP, and late-harvest increased the NDF and OM contents. In addition, early-harvest of Dark Horse increased the EDDM and EDNDF of the forage. Therefore, early-harvest of late-maturing Dark Horse would give better nutrient efficiency than High Speed. Allowing Dark Horse to advance in maturity would decrease its nutrient productivity and efficiency.

Effects of dietary supplementation of glucose oxidase, catalase, or both on reproductive performance, oxidative stress, fecal microflora and apoptosis in multiparous sows

Sun Xiaojiao,Piao Longguo,Jin Haifeng,Nogoy K. Margarette C.,Zhang Junfang,Sun Bin,Jin Yi,이동훈,최성호,Smith Stephen B,Li Xiangzi 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.1

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary glucose oxidase (GOD), catalase (CAT), or both supplementation on reproductive performance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in sows. Methods: A total of 104 multiparous sows were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 26) with each group given a basal diet, basal diet plus GOD at 60 U/kg, basal diet plus CAT at 75 U/kg, and basal diet plus GOD at 60 U/kg and CAT at 75 U/kg. Sows were fed the experimental diets throughout gestation and lactation. Results: Dietary GOD supplementation increased average daily feed intake of sows and litter weight at weaning (p<0.05). Dietary CAT supplementation reduced the duration of parturition, stillbirth, and piglet mortality and increased growth performance of weaned piglets (p<0.05). Dietary GOD and CAT supplementation enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and lessened oxidative stress product levels in plasma of sows and elevated antioxidant capacity of 14-day milk and plasma in weaned piglets (p<0.05). Dietary GOD supplementation increased fecal Lactobacillus counts and reduced Escherichia coli counts of sows (p<0.05). Compared with the basal diet, the GOD diet reduced fecal Escherichia coli counts of sows, but the addition of CAT did not reduce Escherichia coli counts in the GOD diet. Dietary GOD and CAT supplementation reduced the apoptosis rate of the liver, endometrium, and ovarian granulosa cells in sows (p<0.05). In the liver, uterus, and ovary of sows, the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was downregulated by dietary GOD and CAT supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary GOD and CAT supplementation could improve the antioxidant capacity of sows and weaned piglets, and alleviate hepatic, ovarian and uterine apoptosis by weakening apoptosis-related gene expression. Glucose oxidase regulated fecal microflora of sows, but supplementation of CAT to GOD could weaken the inhibitory effect of GOD on fecal Escherichia coli. Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary glucose oxidase (GOD), catalase (CAT), or both supplementation on reproductive performance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in sows.Methods: A total of 104 multiparous sows were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 26) with each group given a basal diet, basal diet plus GOD at 60 U/kg, basal diet plus CAT at 75 U/kg, and basal diet plus GOD at 60 U/kg and CAT at 75 U/kg. Sows were fed the experimental diets throughout gestation and lactation.Results: Dietary GOD supplementation increased average daily feed intake of sows and litter weight at weaning (p<0.05). Dietary CAT supplementation reduced the duration of parturition, stillbirth, and piglet mortality and increased growth performance of weaned piglets (p<0.05). Dietary GOD and CAT supplementation enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and lessened oxidative stress product levels in plasma of sows and elevated anti-oxidant capacity of 14-day milk and plasma in weaned piglets (p<0.05). Dietary GOD supplementation increased fecal Lactobacillus counts and reduced Escherichia coli counts of sows (p<0.05). Compared with the basal diet, the GOD diet reduced fecal Escherichia coli counts of sows, but the addition of CAT did not reduce Escherichia coli counts in the GOD diet. Dietary GOD and CAT supplementation reduced the apoptosis rate of the liver, endometrium, and ovarian granulosa cells in sows (p<0.05). In the liver, uterus, and ovary of sows, the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was downregulated by dietary GOD and CAT supplementation (p<0.05).Conclusion: Dietary GOD and CAT supplementation could improve the antioxidant capacity of sows and weaned piglets, and alleviate hepatic, ovarian and uterine apoptosis by weakening apoptosis-related gene expression. Glucose oxidase regulated fecal microflora of sows, but supplementation of CAT to GOD could weaken the inhibitory effect of GOD on fecal Escherichia coli.