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장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,정진주,이철갑,강명근,현숙정,조정진,차봉석,박종구 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Objectives: This study examined the relationship of fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project, 2002~2004). A total of 30,146 employees categorized within the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the participants' sociodemo-graphics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, personality trait, self=perceived fatigue (MFS) and the frequency of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Data on medical utilization and occupational accident were confirmed from company health records. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to elucidate the relationship of self-perceived fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Results: In logistic regression analyses, self-perceived fatigue was associated with medical utilization (outpatient), occupational accident and sickness absence although the strength of the associations was higher in the blue collar workers except for medical utilization. For medical utilization, the white collar worker's adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the third quartile and the highest quartile, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.20-1.87) and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.69-2.75), respectively. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the second (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.43), third (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22-1.66) and highest quartile (OR:1.83, 95% CI: 1.55-2.17), respectively, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were statistically significant. However, no associations were found between fatigue and inpatient utilization for either the white or blue collar workers. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of being injured for workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.00-2.00), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.10-2.22) and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.69-3.44), respectively, compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile, but, those of the white collar workers were not significant. There was more likely to an increased risk of sickness absence in workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile in both white and blue collar workers, but the magnitudes of risk were higher in the blue collar workers than the white collars workers. Conclusion: This result suggests that fatigue is a determinant predictor of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence, and that the pattern of risks for the three outcomes differs according to the occupational type. Some limitations of this study and considerations for future study were also discussed.
Koh, Hye Jin,Jang, Sang Hun,Kim, Chul Young,Shin, Sung Chul,Kim, Yun-Hi,Kwon, Soon-Ki American Scientific Publishers 2012 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.12 No.5
<P>New semiconductors having naphthalene and anthracene cores with hexylated bithiophene side units, 2,6-bis(5'-hexylbithiophen-2'-yl)naphthalene (HBT-NA) and 2,6-bis(5'-hexylbithiophen-2'-yl)anthracene (HBT-AN), were synthesized. HBT-AN and HBT-NA were characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectrum and elemental analysis. HBT-AN and HBT-NA showed well ordered crystalline with high thermal stabilities as evidenced by 5% weight loss at 447 degrees C for HBT-AN and 434 degrees C for HBT-NA. The closed packed structures between adjacent molecules were observed by studying UV-visible and photoluminescence (PL) in solution and film. The HOMO energy levels of HBT-NA and HBT-AN were found to be 5.47 eV and 5.42 eV, respectively. HBT-NA exhibits hole mobility of 8.4 x 10(-2) cm2Ns and on/off ratio of 5.6 x 10(5). HBT-AN shows 5.2 x 10(-2) cm2Ns and on/off ratio of 1.0 x 10(5).</P>
Koh, Eun Sil,Lee, Kyungsoo,Kim, Su Hyun,Kim, Young Ok,Jin, Dong Chan,Song, Ho Chul,Choi, Euy Jin,Kim, Yong Lim,Kim, Yon Su,Kang, Shin Wook,Kim, Nam Ho,Yang, Chul Woo,Kim, Yong Kyun S. Karger AG 2015 American journal of nephrology Vol.42 No.2
<P>Abstract</P><P><B><I>Background/Aims:</I></B> β<SUB>2</SUB>-Microglobulin (β<SUB>2</SUB>-M) is a surrogate marker of middle-molecule uremic toxins and is associated with mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. However, the impact of serum β<SUB>2</SUB>-M levels on mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of serum β<SUB>2</SUB>-M levels with all-cause mortality in PD patients. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> A total of 771 PD patients were selected from the Clinical Research Center registry for end-stage renal disease cohort in Korea. Patients were categorized into 3 groups by tertiles of serum β<SUB>2</SUB>-M levels. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. <B><I>Results:</I></B> The median value of serum β<SUB>2</SUB>-M was 23.6 mg/l (interquartile range 14.8-33.4 mg/l), and the median follow-up period was 39 months. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the all-cause mortality rate was significantly different according to tertiles of serum β<SUB>2</SUB>-M in PD patients (p = 0.03, log-rank). Multivariate Cox proportional analysis showed that the hazards ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.02 (95% CI 1.01-1.04, p = 0.006) per 1 mg/l increase in β<SUB>2</SUB>-M after adjustment for multiple confounding factors that relate to malnutrition and inflammation marker. However, serum β<SUB>2</SUB>-M was not associated with all-cause mortality after adjustment for residual renal clearance. <B><I>Conclusions:</I></B> These results are supportive of the potential role of the serum β<SUB>2</SUB>-M level as a predictor of mortality in PD patients.</P><P>© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
( Na Jin Kang ),( Dong Hwan Koo ),( Gyeoung Jin Kang ),( Sang Chul Han ),( Bang Won Lee ),( Young Sang Koh ),( Jin Won Hyun ),( Nam Ho Lee ),( Mi Hee Ko ),( Hee Kyoung Kang ),( Eun Sook Yoo ) 한국응용약물학회 2015 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.23 No.3
Macrophage-derived chemokine, C-C motif chemokine 22 (MDC/CCL22), is one of the inflammatory chemokines that controls the movement of monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Serum and skin MDC/CCL22 levels are elevated in atopic dermatitis, which suggests that the chemokines produced from keratinocytes are responsible for attracting inflammatory lymphocytes to the skin. A major signaling pathway in the interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-stimulated inflammation response involves the signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1). In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of dieckol and its possible action mechanisms in the category of skin inflammation including atopic dermatitis. Dieckol inhibited MDC/CCL22 production induced by IFN-γ (10 ng/mL) in a dose dependent manner. Dieckol (5 and 10 μM) suppressed the phosphorylation and the nuclear translocation of STAT1. These results suggest that dieckol exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via the down-regulation of STAT1 activation.
알루미늄을 투여한 흰쥐의 해마와 대뇌피질에서 Reactive Oxygen Species 생성으로 인한 생체거대분자의 산화적 손상
문철진(Chul-Jin Moon),고현철(Hyun-Chul Koh),신인철(In-Chul Shin),이은희(Eun-Hee Lee),문해란(Hae-Ran Moon) 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.3
This work aimed to study the effectiveness of cellular oxidative parameter (malondialdehyde,<br/> protein carbonyl, and 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine). The experimental groups were aluminum<br/> treated rats and control rats. Aluminum treatd rats were given intraperitoneally aluminum nitrate<br/> nonahydrate (Al3+, 0.2 mmol/kg) daily for 30 days except Sunday. Control rats were injected 1 ml of<br/> saline. After the dose, rats were decapitated and hippocampus and cerebral cortex were removed.<br/> The measured parameters were tissue malondialdehyde (MDA, index of lipid peroxidation), protein<br/> carbonyl (index of protein oxidation), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG, index of DNA oxidation),<br/> reduced glutathione (GSH) levels as well as glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase. Al concentrations<br/> in the tissues were also measured. All results were corrected by tissue protein levels. The<br/> results were as followed; 1. The concentrations of Al in the cortex and hippocampus were significantly<br/> higher in the Al-treated rats than in the control rats. 2. Antioxidative enzyme's activity, catalase<br/> and GR, were significantly higher in the Al-treated rats than the control rats. GSH levels were also<br/> higher in the Al-treated rats. 3. MDA, protein carbonyl, and 8-OHdG concentration of Al-treated rats<br/> were significantly higher than those of control rats. 4. The concentrations of antioxidants, and oxidative<br/> stress parameter were correlated with the concentrations of Al in hippocampus and cerebral cortex.<br/> Catalase and GR activity were also correlated with the concentration of Al. Based on these<br/> results, it can be suggested that intraperitoneally injected Al was accumulated in the brain and<br/> induced the increase of antioxidant levels and antioxidatve enzyme activity. Also, the oxidative products<br/> of cellular macromolecules are significantly related to tissue Al concentration. Therefore MDA,<br/> protein carbonyl, and 8-OHdG are useful markers for oxidative stress on cellular macromolecules.
316 스테인리스강의 크리프 성질에 미치는 재결정 발생의 영향
고광진,유연철,이만천 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1987 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.25 No.3
Constant-stress creep tests at temperatures of 913,953 and 993 K over a stress range of 140 to 230 MPa were made on AISI 316 stainless steel to investigate the effect of recrystallization occurring during creep. The best creep properties were obtained in the specimens which had been pre-stained 207% arid tested at 953 K under a stress in the range of 147-170 MPa. Above 30% pre-strain the creep properties gradually deteriorated, which was attributed to partial recrystallization. The carbides in the partially recrystallized specimens,0.1-0.3㎛ large, did not coalesce during creep but remained dispersed in the grains and grain-boundaries. In the 30% pre-strained condition, the best creep properties were obtained with the creep stress of 200-230 MPa at 953k. The creep resistance was considerably reduced by 40% pre-strain. It was responsible for the coarsening of carbides and the formation of subgrains.