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The reality in the follow-up of breast cancer survivors
Ku Sang Kim,Zisun Kim,Eun-Jung Shim,Nam Hyoung Kim,So-Youn Jung,Jisun Kim,Guiyun Sohn,Jong Won Lee,Jihyoung Cho,Jung Eun Lee,Juhyung Lee,Hyun Jo Youn,Jihyoun Lee,Min Hyuk Lee 대한외과학회 2015 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.88 No.3
Purpose: Follow-up after primary treatment for breast cancer is an important component of survivor care and various international guidelines exist for the surveillance. However, little is known about current actual practice patterns of physicians whether they adhere to or deviate from recommended guidelines. The aim of this study was to determine how physicians follow-up their patients after primary treatment for breast cancer in Korea. Methods: A questionnaire survey with 34 questions in 4 categories was e-mailed to the members of Korean Breast Cancer Society from November to December 2013. Respondents were asked how they use follow-up modalities after primary treatment of breast cancer and we compared the survey results with present guidelines. Results: Of the 129 respondents, 123 (95.3%) were breast surgeons. The most important consideration in follow-up was tumor stage. History taking, physical examinations, and mammography were conducted in similar frequency recommended by other guidelines while breast ultrasonography was performed more often. The advanced imaging studies such as CT, MRI, and bone scan, which had been recommended to be conducted only if necessary, were also examined more frequently. Regular screenings for secondary malignancy were performed in 38 respondents (29.5%). Five years later after primary treatment, almost the whole respondents (94.6%) themselves monitored their patients. Conclusion: A majority of respondents have been performed more intensive follow-up modalities in comparison with present guidelines and less frequently screenings for secondary malignancy. For optimal follow-up of breast cancer survivors, tailored delivery system should be considered.
Evaluation of an Ergonomic Gaze Fixation Induction Method for Effective Visual Field Testing
Jihyoung Lee,Baekhee Lee,Yeona Kim,Hyunji Park,Jaheon Kang,Heecheon You 대한인간공학회 2012 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11
Objective: The present study is to develop and evaluate an ergonomic gaze fixation induction method for applying a visual field testing system. Background: Glaucoma which is progressive visual field defects in the ophthalmology has been screened by visual field examination. For accurate visual field testing result, it is important to fix a patient’s line of sight to a center point on visual field testing area. However, the existing visual field tester’s reliability is low because there is lack of inducing patient gaze fixation. Apparatus: To conduct the gaze fixation performance testing, the present study used a PC monitor, an input keypad, and a chin support and a visual field testing S/W applied with 24-2 threshold method (Paolo, 2006). 1<SUP>st</SUP> pilot test: The result of eye fixation performance and subjective satisfaction (7-point scale) for eye fixation targets applied with different color, alphanumeric, and shape showed no significances. 2<SUP>nd</SUP> pilot test: 5 and 10 Hz flashing dots of 0, 1, 5, and 10 Hz flashing dots as eye fixation targets had better subjective satisfactions (3-point scale) than those of the remainder. Final test: Eye fixation targets applying flash rate and shape factor including previous eye fixation targets (reference dot and flashing dot) are to be evaluated for the eye fixation performance (fixation error rate, fixation loss rate) and subjective satisfaction (easy gaze fixation, testing concentration, eye fatigue, and overall satisfaction) on 40 people (20 ~ 70 age groups). Conclusion: The flashing dot was the best gaze fixation for high testing accuracy during visual field testing. Application: The ergonomic gaze fixation induction method is expected to be used for glaucoma diagnosis with visual field examination.
The Effect of Eye Fixation Control Method on Visual Field Testing
Jihyoung Lee,Baekhee Lee,Yeona Kim,Jaheon Kang,Heecheon You 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
Objective: The aim of the study is to examine an optimal eye fixation control method that can be employed to a PC-based visual field testing system. Background: The existing perimeters have disadvantages in terms of size and excessive functionality. Method: Twenty people in their 20s to 70s without glaucoma participated in the study. The combinations of two types of central target form (dot and number) and two conditions of sound presence (on and off) were evaluated in terms of visual field testing performance and subjective satisfaction. The effects of gender, age, eye, central target form, and sound presence were analyzed in terms of fixation error rate, the number of detected targets, the number of missing targets, and subjective satisfaction (7-point Likert scale). Results: The average number of detected targets was 53 out of 55. The lowest fixation error rate (5.0%) was found when central target form = dot and sound = off, while the highest subjective satisfaction (5.7) when central target form = dot and sound = on. A majority of missing targets (72% in the right eye; 79% in the left eye) occurred near the blind spots. Conclusion: Preferred features of eye fixation control method were identified from the experiment, but still a better alternative needs to be explored for effective visual field testing for diagnosis of glaucoma. Application: The findings of the present study can solve as a reference to explore a better eye fixation control method for a PC-based visual field testing system which could be eco-friendly in terms of energy and size than those of existing perimeters.
Evaluation of an Ergonomic Seat Motion System using EOG Analysis
Baekhee Lee,Jangwoon Park,Younggeun Choi,Jihyoung Lee,Taekho You,Hyewon Lee,Sungjin Sah,Heecheon You 대한인간공학회 2012 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11
Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate an ergonomic seat motion system for reducing driver’s mental fatigue. Background: Driving fatigues are physically and cognitively occurred due to internal/external workloads generated by various driving environments. In particular, passive task-related (PTR) fatigue occurred by monotonous driving (e.g., expressway driving) induces drowsy driving and reduces driving ability. Thus, seat motion systems (SMSs) for decreasing driver’s mental fatigue have been developed recently; however SMSs need those validations. Method: Three-step research protocol (S1. development of a SMS, S2. experiment on ergonomic driving, S3. evaluation of the SMS) was applied as followings; (1) development of the SMS derived from literature survey, (2) measurement of EOG signals through expressway driving simulation experiment (n = 30; 20s ~ 50s, driving experience > 2 yr) at both a static seat and a dynamic seat applied with the SMS, and (3) validation of the SMS through EOG waveform analysis. Meanwhile, the present study developed and applied an eye location correction algorithm to minimize variation of driver’s eye location by occurring seat motion. Results: Three eye blink types (alert, normal, drowsy) were classified through K-means clustering analysis by using three EOG parameters (peak amplitude, closing time, opening time). 70% of drivers had that drowsy blink rate at the dynamic seat was reduced comparing with that at the static seat. Mean drowsy blink rate at the dynamic seat (35%) was significantly lower than that at the static seat (38%) (z = 9.56, p < .001). Conclusion: The developed SMS can contribute to reducing driver’s PTR fatigue. Application: The SMS can be applied with real vehicles for maintaining driving ability and driving safety.
가상 머신 풀을 이용한 가상 머신 Provisioning 연구
이지형(JIHYOUNG LEE),고광원(KWANGWON KOH),우영춘(YOUNGCHOON WOO),배승조(SEOUNGJO BAE) 한국정보과학회 2007 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.34 No.2B
가상화는 요즘 각광받는 기술 중 하나이다. 가상화의 개념이 처음 소개된 것은 20년 전의 일이다. 최근에 가상화가 다시 주목 받는 이유는 인터넷 사용자의 증가로 인해 서버의 수가 급증하였고 그에 반해 서버들의 활용률은 20~30%에 그치기 때문이다. 가상화를 채택하는 분야 중 하나는 바로 인터넷 데이터센터(Internet Data Center, IDC)이다. IDC에서는 하나의 고성능 서버 위에 여러 개의 가상 머신을 구동함으로써 서버가 차지하는 공간을 줄이고 관리 비용을 절감하는 서버통합( server consolidation )에 주로 사용된다. 가상화를 통해 서비스를 제공하기 위한 첫 번째 단계는 가상 머신을 생성하는 것이다. 일반적으로 가상머신의 생성은 물리적 노드 (비 가상 머신)에 운영체제를 설치하는 것과 동일하다. 본 논문에서는 서비스 제공을 위해 선행되어야 할 가상 머신을 생성함에 있어 가상 머신 풀(Virtual Machine OS Pool, VMOSPOOL)을 사용하여 빠르게 동적으로 가상 머신을 생성하는 방법에 대해 논의한다. 특히 가상 머신풀의 사용은 고가의 공용 스토리지가 없는 상황에서 부하 분산 클러스터를 구축하는데 유용함을 보인다.
Baekhee Lee,Jihyoung Lee,Kihyo Jung,Heecheon You 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5
Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a boundary representative human model (BRHM) generation and analysis system. Background: BRHMs are used for anthropometric design and evaluation for workspaces with one-size categories. It is not easy for a product designer to generate BRHMs by applying various boundary methods due to their diversity and complexity. Literature survey: Four BRHM generation methods (square method, rectangular method, circular method, and boundary zone method) were reviewed and a distributed representative human model (DRHM) generation and analysis system was surveyed for connection with the system to be developed in this study. System development: A system development protocol is suggested by four-steps (S1: relative variable grasp, S2: algorithm development using Matlab, S3: user interface development using C#, and S4: connection with the DRHM generation and analysis system). Discussion: The BRHM generation and analysis system can be developed efficiently for linkage with the DRHM generation and analysis system and can be of great use to generate BRHM with analysis results for one-size product.