Identification of Genes Modulated by High Extracellular Calcium in Coculture of Mouse Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Cells by Oligo Chip Assay

Kim, Hyung-Keun,Song, Mina,Jun, ji-Hae,Woo, Kyung-Mi,Kim, Gwan-Shik,Baek, Jeong-Hwa The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Calcium concentration in the bone resorption lacunae is high and is in the mM concentration range. Both osteoblast and osteoclast have calcium sensing receptor in the cell surface, suggesting the regulatory role of high extracellular calcium in bone merabolism. In vitro, high extracellular calcium stimulated osteoclastogenesis in coculture of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Therefore we examined the genes that were commonly regulated by both high extracellular calcium and 1,25(OH)_(2)vitaminD_(3)(VD3) by using mouse oligo 11 K gene chip. In the presence of 10 mM[Ca^(2+)]e or 10 nM VD3, mouse calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were co-cultured for 4 days when tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells start to appear. Of 11,000 genes examined, the genes commonly regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3 were as follows; 1) the expressions of genes which were osteoclast differentiation markers or were associated with osteoclastogenesis were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3; trap, mmp9, car2, ctsk, ckb, atp6b2, tm7sf4, rab7, 2) several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes such as sdf1, scya2, scyb5, scya6, scya8, scya9, and ccr1 were up-regulated both by high ectracellular calcium and by VD3, 3) the genes such as mmp1b, mmp3 and c3 which possibly stimulate bone resorption by osteoclast, were commonly up-regulated, 4) the gene such as c1q and msr2 which were related with macrophage function, were commonly down-regulated, 5) the genes which possibly stimulate osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly down-regulated;slc8a1, admr, plod2, lox, fosb, 6) the genes which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly up-regulated;s100a4, npr3, mme, 7) the genes such as calponin 1 and tgfbi which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were up-regulated by high extracelluar calcium but were down-regulated by VD3. These results suggest that in coculture condition, both high extracellular calcium and VD3 commonly induce osteoclastogenesis but suppress osteoblast differentiation/mineralization by regulating the expression of related genes.

유신체제기 박정희의 남북관계 구상과 실제

김지형(Kim, Ji?hyung) 한국역사연구회 2013 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.88

The Yushin declaration, which was announced on October 17, 1972 came out at the peak of South?North Korean talks. Park Jeong?hi justified his efforts under the name of security and the unification of the Korean Peninsula, which he believed was plausible. Park wanted to reorganize the system for South?North Korean talks, but the Yushin system was not a system suitable for that. The Yushin system hardly escaped the condemnation for building dictatorship under the pretext of preparing for unification. After South?North Korean talks failed, Park pursued the maintenance of the divided state. Under the Yushin system, he did not try for more discussion about the Korean unification. He adhered to a policy of confrontation with North Korea as a status quo strategy designed for management of the division. It was supported by strong anti?Communist sentimentality. The South?North Korean relations without talks caused continuous confrontations and the attitude of ignoring each other, which was the reality of the Yushin era of the 1970s. In a constant state of South?North Korean relations without actual South?North talks, the framework of the Yushin system including the National Council for Unification remained.

해외 한국학 온라인 강의의 구성과 운영 방안

김지형(Kim, Ji-hyung) 한국어문학회 2016 語文學 Vol.0 No.132

This study suggests a development strategy and ways of operating overseas online lectures (VOD) of Korean studies, which have been developed as a part of KF global e-school project by the Korea Foundation. Considering that the Korean language has been spread across the world and the demand for overseas online lectures of Korean studies has been growing, needs have been analyzed targeting 15 universities in 8 countries. Based on the result, it is proposed that online lectures of Korean studies should be used in conjunction with the curricula of Korean studies in overseas universities. First, the proposal focuses on developing the ‘curricula of Korean studies’ as a medium that can link Korean language education course and professional Korean studies. Second, the curriculum for ‘the introduction to Korean studies’ is discussed to ensure wide range of use. Finally, the curriculum for ‘the advanced Korean studies’ needs be designed with specified contents depending on the features of each region and university. In order to operate the lectures, furthermore, online-based lectures, on․offline blended lectures, offline-based lectures, and the use of self-study are suggested. With drastically increasing use of internet and the distribution of educational materials and programs, now is the time to challenge in various sectors including education and contents. It is time to go beyond time and space, so that education is possible not only through the internet but through mobile devices as well. Under the circumstances, Korean studies in overseas, which has been in the grey area of excellent and appropriate education, is now facing a turning point. The proposed lectures in this study will enable overseas instructors, who are dealing particularly with the challenging conditions, to proceed the globalization of Korean studies much more effectively.

Slide Session : OS-IFD-07 ; Infectious Disease : In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

( Myung Jin Lee ),( Kye Hyung Kim ),( Jong Youn Yi ),( Su Jin Choi ),( Chung Jong Kim ),( Nak Hyun Kim ),( Kyoung Ho Song ),( Pyoeng Gyun Choi ),( Ji Hwan Bang ),( Wan Beom Park ),( Eu Suk Kim ),( San 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Myung Jin LEE1, Kye-Hyung KIM1, Jongyoun YI2, SuJin CHOI1, Chung-Jong KIM1, Nak- Hyun KIM1, Kyoung-Ho SONG1, Pyoeng Gyun CHOI1, Ji-Hwan BANG1, Wan Beom PARK1, Eu Suk KIM1, Sang-Won PARK1, Hong Bin KIM1, Nam Joong KIM1, Myoung- Don OH1 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea1, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea2 Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). No effective antiviral therapy is proven yet, but clinical use of ribavirin (RBV) has been tried. We investigated the antiviral effect of RBV against SFTSV in vitro. Methods: To test for cytotoxicity of RBV, Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of RBV (3.90 to 500 μg/mL, two-fold dilution) and analyzed by cell viability MTS assay 48h post-infection. To determine antiviral activity of RBV against SFTSV, Vero cells were infected with SFTSV strain Gangwon/Korea/2012 at 100 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) per well in a 96-well plate, and RBV was added at the concentrations showing no or minimal cytotoxicity. Viral RNAs were extracted from the culture supernatants and quantifi ed using one-step real-time reverse transcription- PCR to amplify the partial large segment of SFTSV. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc test. Results: Cytotoxicity due to RBV was not observed at RBV concentration =31.3 μg/ mL. Viral RNAs at 24h post-RBV treatment were reduced with increasing RBV concentrations (1-32 μg/mL), compared with those of mock-treated cells (P <0.01, Figure). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RBV was 3.69 μg/mL at 24h post-RBV treatment. Conclusions: Our study shows that RBV has antiviral effect against SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are required to evaluate the effi cacy of RBV in SFTS.

베타-아밀로이드 펩타이드로 유발된 신경세포사와 tau 인산화와의 연관성

김지형,홍혜남,이종환,황승준,박형섭,이흥식,김동호 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.4

이러닝 컨텐츠 공유 및 설문조사 결과에 따른 학습효과 향상 방안

지형석,이구연 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2010 産業技術硏究 Vol.30 No.B

E-learning has the potentials to provide educational publicity and equality, and has been deployed rapidly in many areas of our society. Growth of e-learning market is also rapid and sustained. However, for e-learning to be a good solution, enough contents should be provided, for which sharing limited contents in the early deployment stage should be necessary. In this paper, we survey some activities about contents sharing. On the other hand, there have been many complaint from e-learning about its effectiveness. Therefore, in this paper, based on the poll results on concentration and satisfaction of e-learning, we also study practical ways to improve studying efficiency of e-learners.

後熟期間中에 있어서 콤포스트의 水分, 有機物量 및 pH諸特性

洪志亨 順天大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

本硏究는 實驗室條件에서 後熟化콤포스트의 水分, 有機物含量 및 PH 等의 諸特性 變化를 究明하기 위하여 實施하였다. 特히 後熟期間동안에 콤포스트의 安定과 그의 調整可能性을 檢討하는 것이 最終 目的이었다. 콤포스트의 後熟化는 合水率과 有機物量에 의하여 顯著한 影響을 미치고 있는 것으로 생각되었고 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 良好한 安定化 콤포스트의 境遇에 安定과 調整性은 含水率減少에 의하여 이루어지고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 最小後熟期間을 考慮한다면 生成콤포스트의 水分과 有機物 等을 抵減시키는 것이 必要하였다. 2. 含水率과 有機物 等에 의하여 콤포스트의 安定性을 評價할 때에, 大部分의 콤포스트는 3個月의 後熟期間中에 完全히 安定되었다. 3. 最終콤포스트의 PH는 7.0以上으로 一定하게 되었다. 알카리 PH값은 콤포스트의 높은 灰分에 의한 것으로 判斷되었다. Moisture content and volatile solids becomes a dominant factor in stabilizing compost. Produced compost can be generally cured within about 3 months at the uncontrolled moisture conditions. In oder to mainatain the moisture of the produced compost around 50 percent or more for a higher degree of curing, it was apparently necessary to control the moisture by the natural drying before curing. Alkaline pH value may be related to the higher fixed solids of the finished compost. When minimizing curing time is considered, decreased volatile solids and reduced moisture content of produced compost should be considered.

과학 교실 수업 환경에 대한 교사와 학생의 인식 차이

주형주,이지애,김영민 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2012 교사교육연구 Vol.51 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate how science teachers and their students recognize science classroom activity. For the study, 32 science teachers and their 1,074 students were sampled, and the Classroom Learning Environment Questionnaire was developed and administered to the teachers and students to assess their perceptions of activities in the science classes. The questionnaire consisted of 40 items on the Likert scale about the classroom teaching and learning environment: learning about the world, learning about science, learning to speak out, learning to learn, learning to communicate, interest in learning science, and teacher support for science learning. The research results are as follows: First, the responses of the teachers scored higher than those of the students in all the seven categories, and the scores between them was significantly different in the categories of the learning to speak out, teacher support in learning science. Second, the students who were taught by the female teachers had higher scores than those who were taught by the male teachers. In addition, there was a difference in the scores of the students according to the specific major of teachers who taught them. Third, the responses of the male students in both middle school and high school scored higher than the female students. The middle school students’ mean score was higher than that of the high school students. The results suggest that the science teachers try to understand how their students recognize their instruction, and to reduce the differences in recognition between them for effective science teaching. 본 연구에서는 과학 교실 수업 환경에 대한 교사와 학생들의 인식을 조사하고, 교사와 학생의 인식에 어떤 차이가 있는지, 교사 특성 및 학생 특성에 따라 학생들의 인식에 어떠한 차이를 보이는지 분석하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 부산과 울산 지역의 중ㆍ고등학교 과학교사 32명과 각 교사가 수업하는 학급의 학생 1,074명이었으며, 과학 수업 환경을 측정하기 위한 검사지를 통해 교사와 학생이 인식하는 과학 수업 활동과 학생들의 수업 태도를 상호 비교하였다. 검사 도구는 교사용과 학생용의 2종으로, 리커트 척도를 사용한 40개의 항목으로 구성되어 있고, 일상생활에 대한 학습, 과학에 대한 학습, 수업의 개방성, 학생의 수업참여도, 다른 학생과의 의사소통, 교사의 지원적 활동, 과학에 대한 흥미 등 7가지 영역으로 나누어져 있다. 연구 결과, 교사는 모든 영역에서 학생에 비해 과학 수업 환경을 긍정적으로 평가하는 것으로 나타났고, 특히 ‘수업의 개방성’과 ‘교사의 지원적 활동’ 영역에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 교사 특성별 인식 차이를 살펴보면 여교사가 지도한 학생들의 인식이 남교사가 지도한 학생의 인식보다 상대적으로 높았으며, 교사의 전공별 인식에도 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 학생들 특성에 따른 인식 차이를 분석한 결과 여학생보다는 남학생이, 그리고 고등학생에 비해 중학생이 과학 수업 환경을 더 긍정적으로 인식하고 있었다. 종합하면, 교사와 학생이 인식하는 과학 교실 환경에는 차이가 있으며 학생들은 교실에서 과학 활동이나 자유로운 의사소통이 이루어지지 않는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이들 결과는 교사 위주의 과학 수업이 학생의 적극적 참여를 유도하는 수업으로 변화하여야 함을 시사한다. 또한, 과학 교실 환경을 조성하는 다른 변인들이 교사와 학생들의 인식에 어떠한 영향을 주는지에 대한 추가적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

부정적 감정이 청각적 언어상상에 의해 유발된 대뇌 피질 활성에 미치는 영향

김지웅,이홍식,김찬형 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 타인이 자신에게 말하는 것을 상상하는 청각적 언어상상은 환청과으ㅏ 관련성 여부로 주목을 받아왔다. 신경생리학 및 기능적 뇌영상술의 발달과 더불어, 청각적 언어상상과 환청과의 관련성도 신경과학적 방법으로 연구되고 있으며, 환청이 자기감시체계의 이상이라고 주장하는 일부 학자들은 청각적 언어상상과 관련된 뇌활성화 소견을 이용하여 환청의 병리기전을 밝히고자 하였다. 그런데 대부분의 환청의 내용은 부정적 감정을 동반하는 내용이다. 이런 점에서 저자는 부정적 감정이 청각적 언어상상에 의한 대뇌 활성에 영향을 미칠것이라는 가설을 검증하고, 청각적 언어상상시 부정적 감정에 의해 영향을 받는 부위는 현재까지 자기감시체계와 관련이 된다고 알려진 부위이거나 환청과 관련이 있다고 알려진 부위일 것 이라는 가설을 검증하기 위해 정상인을 대상으로 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 컴퓨터 모니터를 통해 제시되는 중립적 내용과 부정적 내용의 단어목록을 이용하여 청각적 언어상상 과제를 수행하면서 정량화뇌파검사를 시행하였고, 각 과제시의 대뇌 피질 활성의 차이를 검증하였다. 연구대상자는 총 18명(남자11명, 여자 7명)이었고, 모두 오른손잡이의 정상인이었다. 결과: 중립적 내용의 기준과제시와 청각적 언어상상과제시의 뇌파 진폭의 차이는 alpha, beta, theta, delta 모두에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 부정적 내용의 기준과제시와 청각적 언어상상과제시를 비교하였을때, Alpha 주파수대에서의 뇌파 진폭은 좌측 및 우측 측두엽의 후반부, 좌측 및 우측 두정엽, 좌측 및 우측 후두엽에서 청각적 언어 상상시에 뇌파 진폭이 유의하게 증가하였다. Beta 주파수대에서는 좌측 측두엽의 후반부, 좌측 및 우측 두정엽과 후두엽에서 청각적 언어상상시에 뇌파 진폭이 유의하게 증가하였다. Theta 주파수대에서는 TT2, T5, T6에서 청각적 언어상상시에 뇌파 진폭이 유의하게 증가하였다. Delta 주파수대에서는 유의한 차이를 보인 부위가 없었다. 중립적 내용의 청각적 언어상상과제시와 부정적 내용의 청각적언어상상과제시를 비교하였을 때, Alpha 주파수대에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 부위는 없었다. 그러나 좌측 측두엽 부위에서 부정적 내용의 청각적 언어상상시 뇌파 지진폭이 증가하는 경향성을 보였고, F4를 포함한 전두엽 부위에서 뇌파 진폭이 감소하는 경향성을 보였다. Beta 주파수대에서는 TCP1에서 부정적 내용의 청각적 언어상상시에 뇌파 진폭이 유의하게 증가하였고, T5에서도 뇌파 진폭이 증가하는 경향성을 보였다. 즉 주로 좌측 측두엽 부위에서 뇌파 진폭의 차이를 보였다. Theta 주파수대에서는 FP2, F4, C4, CP2, P4에서 청각적 언어 상상시에 뇌파 진폭이 감소하였다. Delta 주파수대에서는 유의한 차이를 보인 부위가 없었다. 결론: 이상의 연구 결과에서, 부정적 내용의 청각적 언어상상시 중립적내용의 청각적 언어상상시에 비해 좌측 측두엽 부위가 활성화됨이 시사되었다. 이는 부정적 감정이 청각적 언어상상에 의해 유발된 대뇌피질 활성, 특히 좌측 측두엽의 대뇌 피질 활성에 영향을 미칠것이라는 가설에 부합하는 결과이다. 이전의 연구에서 좌측 측두엽이 자기감시체계에서 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져있으며, 특히 정신분열병 환자에서는 좌측 측두엽의 이상소견이 보고되어 있다. 이러한 연구 결과들과 연관시켜볼 때, 좌측 측두엽의 더 많은 활성이 요구되는 부정적 내용의 청각적 언어상상을 하게 될 때, 정신분열병 환자에서는 적절한 활성화가 이루어지지 못할 것으로 생각된다. 이에 따른 자기감시체계의 활성의 저하가 환청과 밀접하게 관련될 수 있다는 가능성이 본 연구의 결과에서 제시된다고 하겠다. Objectives: The concern about auditory verbal imagery has increased due to its possible relationship with auditory hallucinations. The research on auditory hallucinations was activated in accordance with the advance of neurophysiologic and functional neuroimaging studies, and the relationship between auditory verbal imagery and auditory hallucination was also investigated with neuroscientific methods. In particular, the group of neuropsychiatrists who insisted that auditory hallucination results from the abnormality of self monitoring systems has attempted to document the relationship between auditory verbal imagery and auditory hallucination using brain activation studies. Most auditory hallucinations are derogatory in content and accompany negative emotions. If auditory verbal imagery plays an important role in the pathogenesis of auditory hallucination, the it must be influenced by negative emotions. This study was aimed to examine the hypotheses that negative emotions have influence on cortical activity provoked by auditory verbal imagery and that the area which is influenced by negative emotions is where it is regarded to be related to either auditory hallucinations or self monitoring systems. Methods: To examine these hypotheses, quantitative electroencephalography(Q-EEG) was applied during the auditory verbal imagery tasks using a two word list. The on word list accompanied negative emotion and the other accompanied neutral emotions, and they were suggested to the subject via computer monitor system. Results: The difference of EEG amplitude between during the baseline task and during auditory verbal imagery task using neutral word list : there were no significant difference in all electroed and all alpha, beta, theta, and delta frequedcy bands. The difference of EEG amplitude between during the baseline task and during auditory verbal imagery task using negative word list : In alpha frequency band, the EEG amplitude was increased in bilateral parietal, bilateral posterior temporal and bilateral occipital area. In beta frequency band, the EEG amplitude increased in bilateral parietal, bilateral occipital and left posterior temporal area. In theta frequency band, the EEG amplitude increased in TT2, T5, T6. In delta frequency band, there were no significant differences. The difference of EEG amplitude between during the two auditory verbal imagery tasks using negative word list and neutral word list : In alpha frequency band, there was an increasing trend in TT1 and a decreasing trend in frontal area including F4 during the negative auditory verbal imagery in EEG amplitude, although statistically not signigicant. In beta frequency band, EEG amplitude was increased in temporal area such as TCP1. In addition, there was an increasing trend in T5 in EEG amplitude, although statistically not significant. In theta frequency band, the EEG amplitude was decreased in the right hemisphere areas such as FP2, F4, C4, CP2, P4. In delta frequency band, there were no significant differences. Conclusions: In summarizing the above results, left temporal area was more activated during auditory verbal imagery using negative word list than using neutral word list. Left temporal area is known to play an important role in self monitoring systems and left temporal abnormality has been observed in schizophrenic patients in many studies. According to the above results, during auditory verbal imagery with negative emotion, more activation in left temporal area is necessary, but that may not achieved in schizophrenia patients. So, the possibility that the resultant disturbance of self monitoring system may be related to auditory hallucination is suggested in this study.

핵에너지 태도의 사회 그룹별 특성과 변수

김지은,우형택 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.10

This study was conducted to find and explain characteristics of diverse social groups' attitudes toward nuclear power plant. 7 hypotheses were constructed and statistically tested. In order to test 7 hypotheses, both Nuclear Energy Attitude Scale and Environmental Attitude Scale were distributed and field surveyed on 839 respondents representing a diverse range of subject groups. The results showed that 6 hypotheses were statistically accepted while 1 hypothesis statistically rejected. Contrary to the first hypothesis, this test found that people in close proximity to the nuclear power plant had more positive attitudes toward nuclear power than those living in distance from the nuclear power plant. Males had more positive nuclear energy attitudes than females. Academic backgrounds were not related to nuclear energy attitudes. Environmental attitudes showed negative relationship with nuclear energy attitudes. While anti-nuclear citizen action groups had the most negative attitudes, nuclear power plant workers had the most positive attitudes among responding groups. Finally, university students majoring in nuclear engineering had more positive attitudes than those of religious studies.