영어 'Wh-의문문'의 습득 순서와 교과서 분석

김재민,박윤자 대한언어학회 2001 언어학 Vol.9 No.3

Kim, Jae-Min and Park, Yun.-Ja. 2001. The Developmental Order and the Frequency Analysis of Textbooks for Wh-questions of English. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 9(3), 89-108. It is observed that the children speaking English as mother tongue (LI) have the developmental order for Elf -questions . Also the children studying English as L2 showed the similar developmental order for English wh-questions The purpose of this study to the developmental order for wh-questions in Korean learners and the distribution for wh questions of English textbooks in middle school. The subjects consisted of 115 middle school students. They were tested by 36 wh-questions composed of 18 subjective questions and 18 objective questions. The results of this study showed that Korean students had the sae developmental order (where, what, who, how, why, when) for English wh-questions as L2. The results also Indicated that for the frequency distribution of wh-questions, English text books for middle school students Korea did not reflect the developmental order for English wh-questions (Chonbuk National University)

內視鏡에 의한 胃出血患者의 臨床的 硏究

尹滋憲,高侊道 고려대학교 의과대학 1973 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.10 No.1

it is very important for physicians to confirm the bleeding focus rapidly and accurately in the treatment of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Especially in emergency cases, it is necessary to determining whether medical or surgical indications are needed. However, there are a few discussions concerning the interval between acute hematemesis and endoscopic examination, side reaction and contraindication etc. In this report, I studied 36 cases of hematemesis by endoscopy, excluding the cases of esophageal bleeding. The results are as following. The limits of age is ignored on performing the endoscopic examination after hematemesis. Mentioning the time relations from hematemesis to performance of endoscopic examination for the early confirmation of origin of hemorrhage, the desirable results are acquired in the majority of cases after 24 hours and even a case is not failed in the cases after 48 hours. The endoscopic examination is performed without difficulties in the cases(6 cases of 36 ones) belonging to massive hemorrhage recognized by the clinical findings. The endoscopic examination can be performed without much difficulties in spite of somewhat emotional resistance for the early diagnosis of gastric hemorrhage after hematemesis with the sign of hemorrhage.

두 가족의 가족성 모야모야병 환자 4례

구자성,노재규,박성호,이한보,이용석,윤창호,송치성,송재우 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

어패럴 CAD System의 활용화 방안 연구(Ⅱ) : 테일러드 쟈켓 설계 과정을 중심으로

남윤자,이형숙,조영아 한국의류학회 1994 한국의류학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The Purpose of this study was to utilize of CAD System in pattern making process for women's apparel. The automation by the use of CAD System provides the higher accuracy and efficiency in pattern making process. AccuMark 300 System was used, for this study. The results from this study were as follows 1. New size spec chart and grading pitch chart were developed based on the data analysis and fitting tests for female college students. 2. New jacket block was developed based on the torso length sloper. 3. Automatic grading of jacket block have been developed by creation and modification of grading rules of block pattern. 4. Pattern Design Systyem(P/D/S) were enabled to be constructed directly form a block pattern by modifications to existing styled pattern. 5. Original master pattern was generated by P/D/S menu option. 6. Production pattern added seam allowance, notchs was generated by P/D/S menu option. 7. Interative maker making process have enabled to save a wide range of time and space. 8. Measurement of garment by P/D/S measuring tools is to utilize in garment costing, quality control.

유방암에서 Her-2/neu의 평가방법과 임상적 의미

이미자,이윤호,이주호 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.1

Background and Objectives: In breast cancer, Her-2/neu amplification/overexpression predicts a poor clinical outcome and an enhanced survival benefit is rEported with the Her-2/neu targeted therapy. The purpose of this study was to establish a sensitive and specific method for Her-2/neu testing. We compared immunohistochemistry (IHC) detection of Her-2/neu overexpression with differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess gene amplification of Her-2/neu in breast carcinoma. Also we evaluated the prognostic values of Her-2/neu amplification/overexpression. Materials and Method: We have studied Her-2/neu amplification/ overexpression in 163 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast using paraffin-embedded tissue. The evaluation of positivity for IHC was ≥10% moderate or strong complete membranous staining. Tumors were positive for gene amplification if the ratio of Her-2/neu gene to control gene was ≥2. Results: The overexpression of Her-2/neu was detected in 39 (23.9%) cases. The amplification of Her-2/neu was detected in 37 (22.7%) cases. Both methods were positive in 21.5% of cases and negative in 74.8% of cases. There was 96.3% concordance between the two methods. The sensitivity of IHC as compared with PCR was 94.6% and the specificity 96.8%. Positivity of Her-2/neu was significantly associated with node positivity and large tumor size. Conclusion: We conclude that automation of PCR-based Her-2/neu testing approaches is expected to play an increasing role in future for Her-2/neu testing. Also we have demonstrated that IHC is a sensitive and specific method for assessing Her-2/neu status in breast cancer when compared with PCR. Her-2/neu amplification or overexpression appears to be associated with a more aggressive phenotype.

國語 借字表記의 末音添記 'ㅅ' 音字考

이윤자 숙명여자대학교 2003 숙명語文論集 Vol.- No.5

Since Chinese characters were introduced, the principle of borrowed-character- notation (借字表記) in Korean, which borrowed and used meanings and sounds of Chinese characters according to periods when they were used, comprehensively include various vocabulary-notation such as persons' names, places' names, official titles, things' names as well as sentence-notation such as Hyangchal (鄭札; Sima writings writing down Hangul by borrowing Chinese characters' sounds and meanings) . Leedu (更讀; the way of Korean rendering of Chinese characters) . Gukyul(口訣; Korean letters' suffixes added to aid the reading of Chinese texts). This study collected all related documents to examine usages and distribution-looks of the borrowed-character-notation (借字表記) principle during ancient times of Korean that added 'ㅅ' final consonant to end sounds of stems or syllables when borrowed Chinese characters, but excluded researches on the developmental order of letters. Above all, in vocabulary notation, the final consonant 'ㅅ' was pronounced as lsi, for example, the Three Kingdoms' official titles and place names pronounced it as /s/; ‘斯,西,尸,叱,次’. This notation way continued to the period when they wrote Hangga (縋廠; old Korean folk ballads), which showed a particular' notation way to use the final consonant. The principle of adding 'ㅅ' final consonant to end sounds, which was shown in Hyangchal (鄭札) is thought to be letters like 'lit' and 'Ee,' adding 'ㅅ' final consonant in Sima . Koryo Hangga (縋廠). In particular, it is hinted that 'ㅅ' sound was pronounced in link at that time because Hyangchal (鄭札) that notated Hangga (縋廠) notated like '叱' and '史' that added the final sound behind translated letters from Chinese characters to Korean. '叱' was used in the Leedu(更讀)' s principle of adding 'ㅅ' final consonant to end sounds, of which notation is the same as 'ㅅ' final consonant added to end syllables, whereas of which sound and category look different. On the other hand, the Gukyul(口訣 principle of adding 'ㅅ' final consonant to end sounds was observed in Seokdokugyol ((釋讀口訣) documents from the mid 12th century to end 13th century. The borrowed sound, 'ㅅ' was '七' notation, so that, in general, Seokdokugyol(釋讀口訣) documents observed the regulation of adding end sound more thoroughly than Hangga (縋廠). The Avatamska Sutra of the mid 13th century frequently shows examples that omitted '七' notation added to the end, which was not the case of Hangga (縋廠) and proves the notation principle of Sueui(隨意生; following meanings of characters). The above study told that the principle of Borrowed-Character Notation(借字表記) that the ancient Korean added 'ㅅ' final consonant to end sounds offered functions as well as quality to the middle ages' Korean, according to notation ways and distributionlooks.

쑥 추출성분의 암세포 증식억제와 Quinone reductase 유도 활성 효과

배송자,박윤자,김미향 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2001 自然科學論文集 Vol.9 No.-

In this study, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis(AP), the Compositae species, were extracted using methanol(APM) and the extracts was fractionated to five different types which are hexane(APMH), ethylether(APMEE), ethylacetate(APMEA), butanol(APMB) and aqueous(APMA) partition layers. The various partition layers were screened far the cytotoxic effects on HepG2, MCF-7 and C6 cells by MTT assay and for their ability induce quinone reductase(QR) in HepG2 cells. Compared with the other partition layers of AP, the APMEE showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on HepG2, MCF-7 and C6 cells. The quinone reductase(QR) induced activity in HepG2 cells, grown in the presence of APMEE and APMH, were 5.08 and 2.99 times more effective compared with the control value of 1.0 respectively. Therefore, based on these results, the ethylether partition layer(APMEE) of the Artemisia princeps var. orientalis may have that potentially useful cancer chemoprevention effect on the human cancer cells, HepG2, MCF-7 and C6. Key word : Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, MTT assay, quinone reductase(QR)

완전통합교육의 실현 근거와 과제에 대한 특수교사와 일반교사의 인식조사

이윤수,김자경 조선대학교 학생지도연구소 2003 生活指導硏究 Vol.22 No.1

The Full Inclusive Education, reflecting the world-wide trends of special education, can be defined as "the education of all disabled students with non-disabled ones of same age, throughout the support system on the basis of individual's needs at nearby schools, regardless of the types and levels of disabilities." Thus, the education is the very one that disabled students should be taught along with all people with an equal status, say, no discriminations. To secure the full-inclusive education of effectiveness and substantiality, understanding and interests of teachers related to disabled students are needed the most, acting as the major factor, along with administrative & financial supports and favorable societal milieu. Against the backdrops, this study is intended to divulge the differences of conscious levels between two groups, special education teachers and general education teachers, regarding actualization basis and task for full-inclusive education. The subject of this study were total 315 teachers(129 special education teachers and 186 general education teachers) in Gwangju and Jellanamdo province. The results are as following: First, the perception level in actualization basis for full-inclusive education between two groups was high. Second, special teachers, in general, had more positive perception than general teachers, concerning full-inclusive education. This outcome agrees with the previous study result that full-inclusive education first started in special education area, thereby revealing its trust differences between the two groups. However, the perception level of general teachers in elementary schools, with regard to actualization basis for full-inclusive education, was significantly low. This results are in stark contrast with the ones of earlier studies. Thus, it is surmised that general elementary school teachers are fully informed of the difficulties in teaching disabled students in inclusive milieu but general teachers in middle and high schools just perceive its importance as being legitimate As a result, further studies on that issue are required. Third, with regard to perception on actualization task for full-inclusive education, special teachers showed higher response than general teachers. Also, special teachers marked higher level of perception on educational courses & methods, and consciousness than general teachers, but no significant difference on educational environment and teachers' speciality fields between the two groups. But, special teachers showed a low perception on the question that more diversified system, is needed to provide general teachers with license for special teachers, indication that the introduction of the institution can undermine the establishments of special teachers. To sum up, not merely special teachers but also general teachers all agree with legitimacy of full-inclusive education in many respects. Nevertheless, it also shows that there are many tasks to deal with in various parts on the way to full-inclusive education.

구치의 1급, 2급 와동에 은 아말감, 구치용 복합레진, 복합레진 인레이로 수복시 치아의 파절저항성

안연실,김미자,이광원,손호현 全北大學校 齒醫學硏究所 1991 전북치대논문집 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of the marginal ridge of posterior teeth with class Ⅰ & Ⅱ silver amalgam, posterior composite, and composite resin inlay. The seventy-two extracted caries free human upper premolars were divided into six groups. Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ cavities were prepared and filled with amalgam, light curing composite resin, and resin inlay. Fracture strength was measured at the marginal ridge with "Instron". The results were as follows ; 1. Class Ⅰ restorations were stronger than Class Ⅱ in amalgam and composite resin filled group(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in strength between Class Ⅰ resin inlay and Class Ⅰ resin inlay. 2. In the Class Ⅰ and the Class Ⅱ restorations, the best fracture resistance obtained in resin inlay, followed by composite resin, amalgam(P<0.05). In the Class Ⅰ restorations, result was the same but had no significant difference. 3. Class Ⅰ composite resin and Class Ⅰ resin inlay were stronger than Class Ⅱ amalgam(P<0.05). 4. In the Class Ⅰ restorations, when the marginal ridge was fractured, only enamel or enamel/material were involved. In the Class Ⅱ composite resin and Class Ⅱ resin inlay, enamel/material or only material were involved. In the Class Ⅱ amalgam, only material was fracture.

대입재수생의 두경부 동통 발생 양상과 인성 특성

구자윤 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1997 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Personality characteristics were studied by means of SCL-90-R test. Behavioral problem and pain site was studied (Sleep disturbance, irregular eating habit, decreased physical activity, decreased social activity, increased emotional tension) by examination sheets. This study was conducted to examine the mature and extent of psychological difference between the students who failed the college-entrance examination and freshmen and to determine whether psychological distress acts as a precipitate for craniocervical pain. 96 students who failed the college-entrance examination (examination-failed student) and 86 freshmen were included in this study. The obtained results were as follows ; Mean T-score of SCL-90-R primary scale and global indies in examination-failed students were significantly higher than the freshmen group. In comparison with examination-failed student group and freshman group, the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain was significantly higher than the freshman group. When the study and control group were compared in behavioral problems the study group had not more sound sleep than the control group. The study group had more irregular eating habit than control group. The study group had the lower physical activity than control group. The study group had the lower physical activity than control group. The study group had poor social activity than control group. There were no significant difference in emotional tension.