간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

Purge & Trap-GC를 이용한 의약품 필름코팅 정제 중 잔류용제에 관한 연구

장준식,이명자,소유섭,문춘선,이주헌,박희라,김진숙,강경모,이선옥,방성연,유미자,유문균,금오성,이병욱 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

의약품은 약물을 생체에 적풋하기 위하여 유효성분의 효과가 언제나 일정하게 확보되고 사응에 편리하도록 만들어지는 것이므로 유효썽분 이외에 약효에 영향을 주지 않는 성분이 첨가되는 경운가 많다. 이 때 사용되는 용매들은 제피의 광택 및 건쪼시간의 단축 등을 위하여 휘발점이 낮을 용매들이 주로 사용되어진다. 본 연구는 의약품 필름코팅정제 중 잔류용매 4종(chlorofonr benzen, trichloro ethylen, 1,4-dioxane)에 대한 변형된 pirge & trap-GC 장치를 이용한 동시분석방법을 개발하였으며, 각 표준품의 RSD 값은 chloroform 3.03%, benzen 3.17%, trichloroethylen 3.69% and 1,4-dioxane 3.41%였다. 또한 시중 유통중인 의약품 50종에 대하여 잔류웅매 양을 측정하였으며, 검출되는 잔류용매는 한 건도 없었다. This study nras carried out to develope the analytical method for the mixture of chlorefonn, benzen, trichloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane simultaneously and determine the remainingorgauic solvents in coating tablets by Purge & Trap-GC. The results were as follouFs ; 1. Chloroform, benzen, trio:tloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane separated by tenax #5 trap by HP-624GC column by terrlperature programming. The peaks were separated completely at retentiontime of 6.88min for chloroform, 8.21min for benzen, 10.38miu for trichloroethylen and 11.95minfor 1,4-dioxane. 2. Standard RSD were individually chloroform 3.03%, benzen 3.17%, trichloroethylen 3.69%and 1,4-diorane 3.41%. 3. 60 samples were not detrcted chloroform, benzen, trichloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane.

왕겨를 이용한 활성탄 개발에 관한 연구 (1)

이희자,조양석,조광명 한국환경과학회 2000 한국환경과학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Every year, 1.1 million tons of rice-hull are produced in South Korea by the by-product in pounding rice. But they has mainly been utilized as a fuel, agricultural compost and moisture proofs. So, it's very valuable to use waste rice-hull for activated carbon manufacture. SiO_2 content was the highest among inorganics in rice-hull. Therefore, the SiO_2 extraction experiments were carried out under the various conditions of pH 9 to 14, reaction time from 2 to 24 hrs and various temperature of 20 to 100℃. The results showed that increase in pH and temperature enhanced SiO_2 extraction from the carbonized rice-hull. The surface area of the carbonized rice-hull indicating activated carbon adsorption capacity was very small as 178∼191 ㎡/g at first. However, it was increased to 610∼675 ㎡/g when extracted in alkali solution at 100℃. When the mixing rate of carbonized rice-hull and NaOH was 1:1.5, iodine No. and surface area of activated rice-hull during 10 min at 700℃ were 1,650 ㎎/g and 1837 ㎡/g, respectively. Subsequently, an activated carbon with specific surface area of 1,300∼1,900㎡/g was manufactured in a short contact time of 10∼30 min with a mixing rate of 1:1.5 in carbonized rice-hull and NaOH, and iodine No. and specific surface area increased as the amount of SiO_2 removal increased.

한국여성의 연령별 골밀도 : 대구지역을 중심으로

이희자,최미자,이인규 대한골대사학회 1996 대한골대사학회지 Vol.3 No.1

兒童 營養 指導에 關한 硏究

李喜子 서울대학교 교육대학원 학술연구회 1966 論文集 - 서울대학교 교육대학원 Vol.3 No.-

父子關係와 子女의 學業成就에 關한 硏究

李喜子 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 1985 자연과학논문집 Vol.3 No.-

女性의 賃金構造에 관한 實證的 硏究

李喜子 배화여자대학 1985 培花論叢 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate current wage differentials of female workers, to find out main factors having the effects on their wage, and to analyse the degree of relative importance among main factors. The degree of relative importance among main factors means a sequent order which is on determination of female wage. The subjects of this research were composed of 159 female workers in Seoul. The data were analysed by mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean, analysis of variance, F-Test, T-Test and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The significance level was set at α=0.05. Data process was requested to the statistical analysis section of Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, and the method used in data processing was the General Linear Models (GLM) in SAS package program. The results were as follows: 1. It was confirmed that the main factors having the effects on determination of female wage were education, industry, age, and career. 2. Though the degree of relative importance among main factors was education, industry, age, and career in the order named (Table V-9, F value), their weights were very similar to each other. 3. The results of ANOVA (analysis of variance) were explained 71.4% of total variance in sample.

광주시내 업종별 음식점의 위생상태 및 식중독원인 세균의 분포 특성

이홍열,유맹자,정해진,김근영,정희종 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1998 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.33 No.-

업종별 음식점 주방의 위생상태는 일식>중식>한식의 순이었고 개인위생의 경우는 일식>한식>중식의 순이었는데 주방 및 종업원의 위생상태를 향상시키기 위해서는 음식점 규모의 대형화, 45℃ 이상의 온수공급, 주방시설의 표준화, 위생비닐장갑의 착용, 및 유니폼 착용이 신속하게 이루어져야 할 것이다. 업종별 대중음식점의 주방기구중의 세균분포는 전반적으로 일반세균수가 높게 나타났고 특히 대장균군수가 높게 나타났는데 음식물이 아니고 조리기구이긴 하지만 우리 음식점의 위생상 문제가 많은 것으로 생각된다. 미국 육군 Natick연구소가 제시한 음식물의 미생물 기준한계인 1 ×10??마리 이하, 대장균수가 100마리 이하와 비교할때 일반세균수의 경우는 아주 만족할만한 위생상태로 평가되었으나 대장균수는 개숫물의 경우 업종과 관계없이 높게 나타났고 행주와 칼의 경우 일식음식점에서만 높게 나타났으며 도마의 경우는 모두 100마리 이하로 양호한 위생상태로 평가되었다. 한식 전문음식점간의 세균수가 큰 차이를 보인 것은 규모와 운영방법이 서로 다르기 때문으로 앞으로 한식음식점에 대한 시설 및 환경개선에 대한 노력이 요구되었다. 또한 일식음식점간에는 일반세균수의 분포가 크게 다는 것으로 조사되었는데 특히 개숫물, 행주 및 도마중에 존재하는 미생물수가 크게 차이가 있었다. 등급별 한식음식점의 세균분포는 호텔급 음식점> 일반대중급 음식점> 여관급 음식점의 순으로 나타나 업소규모가 클수록 위생시설 및 위생습관의 수준이 높아 위생상태가 양호한 것으로 분석되었고 여관급음식점의 경우 위생상태가 낮은 것은 이용빈도가 낮은 것이 그 원인이 아닌가 생각되었다. Sanitary evaluation of kitchen area in different types of restaurants was the best at Japanese style restaurants and the worst aat Korean style restaurants. In personal hygiene Japanese style restaurant were evaluated as the best, but Chinese style restaurants were evaluated as the worst. Total and coliform bacterial counts were mostly showed high levels at all types of restaurants and especially this tendency was predominated in coliform counts. As compared to the standards suggested by U.S. Army Natick, however, total bacterial counts in all of supplies were evaluated as the satisfactory state. On the other hand, coliform counts in dish-washing water were much higher than the standard, which were not affected by the types of restaurant, and Japanese style restaurants were higher in wiping cloths and knives, but cutting boards were evaluated as satisfactory state with the counts less than 1.0 ×10².Bacterial counts in Korean style restaurants were greatly different depended on the size or type of restaurant. Total bacterial counts in Japanese style were also different among restaurants, especially in dish-washing water, wiping cloths, and cutting boards. According to the results of the evaluation of Korean style restaurant, bacterial distribution based on the class of restaurants, classified as hotel, motel, and public classes, hotel class restaurants showed lower levels of bacterial counts than public class. This result suggested that the larger and higher classes of restaurants maintained the satisfactory state without potential hazards.

女職員의 職場士氣 調査 硏究

李喜子 배화여자대학 1989 培花論叢 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study is to measure the morale level, to find out its influential factors of female workers, to analyse the morale factors by the type of occupation, the educational background, the career and the working hours. To ensure such goal as mentioned above, this study conducted documentary study and survey research. The survey data were collected from 124 female workers in Seoul. The analysis method was consist of morale quotient, Chi Square, Cramer's V. The results can be summerized as follows;, 1. General Morale quotient; In general the morale level of the female workers is very high in No. 11 item(salary, fringe benefit), but it is low in No. 1 (fairness in promotion, mtransfer). 2. Analysis by educational background; There is significant in No. 8 (suggestion system) and No. 12 (welfare facilities) under the Chi Square Test. 3. Analysis by occupation; There is significant in No. 4 (quantity of work), No. 10 (compare with wage level) under th Chi Square Test. 4. Analysis by working hours; There is significant in No. 2 (Job satisfaction), No. 4 (quantity of work) under the Chi Square Test. 5. Analysis of Job dissatisfaction factore; In general, the rate of Job dissatisfaction is up to 66.1% of total sample. Among them the Major dissatisfactor is in No. 2 (Work too much), No. 3 (no vision) and No. 1 (Not major). This mean that the job content of female workers have no vision, have nothing to do with her major, moreover have work too much. 6. Analysis of turnover factors; The turnover factors were classfied into 5 types. Among them, the most important factor is the troubles in human relations, and it is up to 24.2%.

交換關係의 類型과 構成員의 自發的 組織行動間의 關聯性에 관한 硏究

李喜子 배화여자대학 2000 培花論叢 Vol.19 No.-

Organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) is a class job related behaviors which have been suggested as a fruitful addition to traditional conceptions of job performance. OCB is defined as those behaviors which are discretionary, are not formally recognized by the organizational reward system, and in the aggregate, promote organizational effectiveness. By including OCB in definitions of job performance, researchers may describe more fully the behaviors that lead to job effectiveness and a facet of performance which is more likely under the personal control of the employee. This study examines the categories of OCB and the typology of organizations based on the type of contract. This research also explores how the characteristics of typology of organizational effects on the OCB. Research findings can be summaries as follows : (1) Has the outcome variable traditionally called job performance adequately described the range of behaviors exhibited by an employee which would advance the welfare of the organizational? Their answer was clearly no. Organ(1988) instead proposed that job performance should be expanded to include behaviors that were not so directly linked, yet were still important. This research suggested that including OCBs as performance would offer a more complete conception of the behaviors needed to forward the welfare of the organization. (2) Graham and Organ(1993) proposed a typology of organizations based on the type of contract that binds organizational participants. The typology consists of three organizational types: transactional, social exchange, and covenantal organizations. Varieties of OCB are possible on all three cases. In transactional agreements, the parties are unlikely to engage in helpful"innovative and spontaneous behavior" not specified in the agreement. By contrast, the parties to social exchange agreements are likely to volunteer helpful but unrequired behavior, and to be patient and forgiving of organizational shortcomings. On the other hand, they expect the organization to return the favor, that is, to tolerate there occasional mistakes, and to offer them secure employment. Covenantal partners are even involved than those in social excange agreements because they share responsibility for upholding and/or pursuing transcendent values. This minimizes the need for close supervision or other costly behavioral control systems. Therefore OCB is expected to social excange agreements and covenantal organization.