아프리카 食糧危機의 統合的 視角

沈永根,王仁槿 서울大學校 農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.2

In this paper, authors tried primarily to categorically identify and generalize some fundamental causal factors considered responsible for impinge upon the agricultural and food crisis in many of the latecomer developing countries in the Black African Continent. As a fellow-up to the effort, authors also presented a proposition that agricultural and rural development should be tole ultimate answer to the badly unfortunate state of crisis affairs in agriculture and food in the Sub-Saharan African countries. Specifically, authors took an analytical perspective from the three categories of viewpoints concluded as the most basic and important in an effort of clarification and determination of the crisis causes in agriculture and food, leading so often to the famine : (a) heterogenous, precarious and unfavorable climatic and social environments, (b) chronic and wide-spread economic crisis, and (c) seriously stagnant agricultural crisis. To render the analytical effort, the authors made use of available statistics and empirical evidences derived in general terms, for which, however, no specific sources of information were given right in the text. Instead, references were presented in a backage from at the end of the paper text under the three main categoies : (a) Africa in general, (b) agricultural, rural and economic development of Africa, and (c) statistical source publications on agricultural, economic, social and physical situations in Africa. In view of the fact that not many studios of the African agriculture and rural development have been done in Korea, authors emphatically pointed out the need for Korean academicians to pay their attention to Africa where our national interests within the prevailing international relations have been significantly found, manifestly and potentially. The faculties of our college could have their overseas academic interests by having Africa as a geographical area of interest in their own specialized disciplines in that agricultural and rural development is the national development itself in most of the African countries.

五加皮의 造血 및 免疫調節效果에 대한 實驗的 硏究

任中根,徐榮培,金東熙,薛仁燦 대한본초학회 2000 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

In order to investigate the reinforcemental Effects of Acanthopanax Radicis Cortex about immunity and hematogenic action. The various immune responses were studied. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Positive cell was significantly increased at the 0.25 d r n P degree of density in the effect of CD4 about the spleen cell. 2. In the effect of IgG positive cell was significantly increased as comrared with the data of control only at the 0.25 mg/ml degree of density. 3. In the effect of Mac-1 positive cell was significantly increased in all treated degree of density. 4. In result of observing the change of WBC after Cyclophosphamide-processing the number of WBC was significantly increased in treated Group. 5. Measurement of RT-PCR in Hematopoietic stem cell TPO PCR products was increased as compared with medium at the 1 ㎛/ml degree of density. 6. In reinforcemental effect about Stem cell factor SCF PCR product was increased as compared with medium at the low degree of density. 7. In reinforcemental effect about IL-3 PCR product was increased as compared with medium at the low degree of density. 8. In reinforcemental effect about IL-6 PCR product was significantly increased as compared with all treated group. 9. Assay about positive cell in the spleen cell, the positive cell was significantly increased in CD4, CD19. 10. Created amount NO was treated group significantly increased all degree of density. 11. In promotional dissolution-effect, treated group was increased one and half times or twice all degree of density as compared with negative control. According to the above results, Acanthopanax Radicis Cortex increase coherence with T-cell by dint of activating CD of T-cell, presentate an antigen, activate IL-3, IL-6 which stimulate B-cell mading an antibody, activate IFN- y which appeal anti-viral activity by dint of activating macrophage, activate IgG which being made in B-cell neutralize Virus directly, increase immunity by means of promoting dissolution of Spleen cell which involve immune cell and strengthen hematogenic action by dint of activating TPO, SCF. Although Acanthopanax Radicis Cortex was used in retrogressional joint disease of deficiency syndrome by reinforcing Liver and Kidney, strengthening bones and sinews, because IFN- 7 which appeal anti-viral activity and IL-6 which almost appear in arthritis increased significantly, in future we should make an effort in looking into action of Acanthopanax Radicis Cortex about common cold by infection and arthritis of excess syndrome.

Temporal trends and in-hospital outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in nonagenarians with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

( Joon Young Kim ),( Myung Ho Jeong ),( Yong Woo Choi ),( Yong Keun Ahn ),( Shung Chull Chae ),( Seung Ho Hur ),( Taek Jong Hong ),( Young Jo Kim ),( In Whan Seong ),( In Ho Chae ),( Myeong Chan Cho ) 대한내과학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.30 No.6

Background/Aims: Data regarding the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in nonagenarians are very limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the temporal trends and in-hospital outcomes of primary PCI in nonagenarian STEMI patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) from November 2005 to January 2008, and from the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction (KorMI) from February 2008 to May 2010. Results: During this period, the proportion of nonagenarians among STEMI patients more than doubled (0.59% in KAMIR vs. 1.35% in KorMI), and the rate of use of primary PCI also increased (from 62.5% in KAMIR to 81.0% in KorMI). We identified 84 eligible study patients for which the overall in-hospital mortality rate was 21.4% (25.0% in KAMIR vs. 20.3% in KorMI, p = 0.919). Multivariate analysis identified two independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, namely a final Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow < 3 (odds ratio [OR], 13.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2 to 59.0; p < 0.001) and cardiogenic shock during hospitalization (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 1.5 to 30.3; p = 0.013). Conclusions: The number of nonagenarian STEMI patients who have undergone primary PCI has increased. Although a final TIMI flow < 3 and cardiogenic shock are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, primary PCI can be performed with a high success rate and an acceptable in-hospital mortality rate.

理論的 用語를 土台로한 國民學校 算數科 學習資料 開發에 關한 硏究

梁仁煥,朴根生,黃秉德 淸州大學校 科學敎育硏究所 1977 淸州大學校 科學敎育硏究所 Vol.2 No.-

This research study is aimed more at pursuing the methods of promoting logical thinking to be debated in the present-day mathematical instruction, searching to discover the foundation underlying it, and then at meterializing even more learning effects in coping with the instructional situation forecast in practice. Hence to this end, the study objectives are set up and launched as follows: 1) It provides the materials capable of endorsing view points for the primary school teachers who play a pivotal role on modernizing the mathematical education. 2) It works out the instructional materials bearing relation on logical terms and their definitions 3) It purveys the rudimentary materials for ameliorating the mathematical curriculum. However, put it to the point, taken for granted that logical instruction covers a wide range of contents and methods, this study can't but give lots of limit only to simple principles forming the foundations of logical terms, definitions, and axiomatic methods. Moreover, in the primary school mathematical learning sign logic or logical verification is not in fact directed enough to be suitable for children, but logical learning is undertaken for clarifying mathematical thinking, so with mind on this stand, we allege we addressed ourselves to extract and frame the material concerning logical terms. In chapter Ⅱ the logical terms, logical corallory, logical definition, and axiomatic methods, which this study purports to delve into, are given second thought in light of logical facets. In chaptor Ⅲ we consolidated the teaching stantpoint analyzing the primary school mathematical textbooks(1st grade to 6th grade) and seeking the learning situation given the leeway for bringing logical terms into classroom. In chapter Ⅳ and Ⅴ the learning materials and logical terms, which underlie the learning of logical definition and axiomatic methods, are boiled down and worked out, and simultaneously referenciel materials, serving the intent of the teachers' further prosecution of study thereon, are presented as well. Alongside, pulling ahead with the above work, we will state a few views in point gleaned from this study. The logical learning for orienting logic righteously should deserve all the more emphatic care and systemic inculcation in today's mathematical teaching targeted for modernization. With a view to further doing that now the teachers should take an advanced pace ever farther than they took a luckewarm pose about mathematical education, and should have a close insight into logic to the effect that they can make exact treatment and judgment of them. Foremost of all, they should conduct still more efficient teaching by classifying and arranging logical terms founded on sagacious understanding in children's learning or by guiding them in the direction that they can have a thorough grip of relationships to concepts. If carried out, in particular not less notice should be given to the following issues: 1) Accurate understanding as for the logical terms(be, not be, and, or, all, any, at least, at most, no less than, if-then) or signs(→,⇒,⇔,? etc.) are the cornerstone of logical instruction. 2) Considered that axiomatic methods are a nucleus of modern mathematics, propelling thinking abilitiy underpinned by sound ground is not only a momentum of childlike deductive thinking, but an axis of logical verification to be advancd into a better dimension in the forth coming days. In the fear of knowing what tomorrow will bring, the teachers should deliberate to the full what is to be determined as axiom and what logical learning is to be performed. 3) Keeping in mind that mathematic text books are organized so as to aggrandize laws and concepts into larger and more complex ones by degrees in view of child developmental stages, teachers should teach them to make clearer the definitions of objects. 4) In the current mathematical learning legic bears germane relationships on "set concept", hence logical learning should be progressed on the basis of sets. 5) Teachers should take persistent account of the fact that there still exists the case that analogous, inductive, or deductive thinking is acted upon otherwise than intuitive thinking either in theoretic development or in the disposal of problems. To be exact, the following problems are put forward as the supreme tasks of the future logical instruction: 1) To what extent is the purview of logical teaching fixed and how is the pertinent instructional framework organized in the scope of teaching? 2) The signs(→,⇒,⇔, ? etc.) of logic are included in the mathematical texts, besides, to what degree and in what way are new signs introduced in any grade from now on? 3) In what way is it the most praiseworthy for the concepts of sets to be structured so as to make inalienable ties with logic? 4) In teacher's in-service training what are the concepts concerning logic and the problems of training hour allotment. to be contemplated? In addition to these matters discussed above, the field-study which invokes interest in the front teacher's logical teaching had better be recommended and encouraged even more positively than the past. To sum up, it goes without saying that this study has brought about most limited materials in search of teaching methods making the groundwork for logical terms, definitions and axiomatic methods. Out of this result as such it is very difficult to hazard any rash conclusion on logical teaching with far-flung characteristics. However, we wish the study of this area would gain far open ground sufficiently enough to brush up the teaching methods of the field teacher's and remain meaningful materials later on Conducive to ironing out any thorny problems stemming from furtherance of research meeting our expectation in the foreseeable future and render a major boost to more intensive study, now that to date any convincible studies of this area have not yet come fresh in many years.

農村과 都市의 分岐와 收斂

王仁槿 서울大學校 農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.2

This paper deals with the rural-urban interaction of Korea since 1945 when Korea was liberated from the 36-year Japanese colonial rule in terms of divergence and convergence of the two dominant sectors of the Korean society. The analysis, however, does not try to identify and determine the causal variables overtly and manifestly : it is concentrated on the consequences or the end-results of the interactional social change based upon some selected indicators available. An in-depth discussions and examinations of the theoretical aspects of the rural-urban divergence and convergence should be duly made, which, however, could not be done in this paper simply because of the usual physical or space constraint. The author has taken a proposition the rural society and urban society, the two traditional and dominant sectors of the Korean society and of any other societies, first, find themselves dichotomized, polarized or diverged almost holistic-wise, but second, gradually, they tend to be converged, homogenized or integrated. This process begins from when and where the rural society is badly lagged behind the urban counterpart, followed up by the relative enhancement of the quality of life of the rural population in approaching that of the urban counterpart which is generally and increasingly becoming higher. As a newly industrializing country, firstcomer developing country or advanced developing country, Korea has become to find this convergence process in effect, generally speaking. Needless to point out, there are still found the relatively deprived or lagged areas and aspects on the part of the rural society as compared with the urban one. In this connection, however, this process will be strengthened more in the years ahead in Korea. It should be mentioned that the rapidly developing urban society has a very powerful interactional impact on the rural society in so many ways, to cope with which, the latter has to adapt itself appropriately. And the government policy measures are absolutely needed for the adaptation and adjustment of the rural society for its socio-economic development. Basically, the author does not approve the position that the very skewed polarization between the rural and urban societies in Korea is in existence, as in the case of say some countries in Latin America. And furthermore, a three-point proposition in terms of conclusion should be attended to : (a) a general and national consensus should be arrived at on the "tolerable 1eve1 of inequality" since inequality itself is basically in existence in all societies ; (b) the relative deprivation of the rural society will be significantly improved to increasingly converge the urban counterpart in income and quality of life, ultimately; and (c) the convergence or equalization process is in fact a "process" which implies that it goes step by step or gradually.

農業者 利益代瓣制度의 本質, 現況, 그리고 課題

王仁槿 서울大學校 農科大學 1985 서울대농학연구지 Vol.10 No.2

This paper is basically a systematically expanded and refined one, the original version of which was presented for discussion only at a research institute in Seoul in the summer of 1985. The general or overall purpose of this paper is to examine the nature, present situation, and prospective tasks of the farmer's representative interest-group institution in Korea. Firstly, a brief introduction is made to emphasize the need and significance of the study, probably the first of its kinds ever conducted and published in Korea as far as systematically-treated academic papers on the theme are concerned, relatively speaking. Secondly, some conceptualized general-type insights and implications are preliminarily derived and presented for the representative interest-group institution in general terms which is in existence and functioning in any democratic and capitalistic countries. Thirdly, an overview-type examination is made of the farmers' attributes and status, and their paternalistic interest-group organizations in Korea. Fourthly, highly selected three major farmers' organizations which might be relatively considered as the farmers' representative interest-group organizations in action, when and if viewing from essentially normative or "expected" points, are analytically examined as concisely as possible:(a) National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, (b) Korean Association for Advanced Farmers, and (c) Catholic Farmers' Association. Fifthly, some development tasks are projected for the Korean farmers' representative interest-group institution, and finally, sixthly, a conclusion is made to close the paper. The most important generalization in the form of a conclusion of this paper is, as implicitly hypothesized, the fact that there are hardly any "true"or "full-fledged" farmers' organizations found today whose functions are in line with the so-called "political interest groups". The Catholic Farmers' Association only does some activities of this nature which, however, have been harshly controlled by the government authorities under the existing laws and regulations. Since the "true"or "near-true" farmers' representative interest-group institution as a whole cannot be thought of separately or exclusively of the national development status in terms of genuine democratization which, however, only selected advanced countries can afford to enjoy today. Consequently, the so called "time-place qualification" should be duly taken into consideration: Korea is making a rapid progress towards this development though slow and steady. Therefore, institutionalization and appropriate functions of the farmers' representative interest-group organizations or institution may not be found in Korea in the very near future while the farmers are recently pressed down so severely that they have to have their own strong political voices or demands felt and reflected in the government political decision-making process in their behalf primarily to have an appropriate allocation of the national resources available for mobilization today.

초등과학 재교육에 대한 고찰 -특수연수를 중심으로-

박인근 공주교육대학교 초등연구원 1976 公州敎大論叢 Vol.12 No.2

This survey is concerned with the in-service training of the elementary school teac- hers to improve the science education through in-service education. The problems set up in the survey, in sum, are the operation of the in-service tra- ining for the special science course assisted by UNICEF, the scientific environments of elementary school, the view of elementary school teachers on the science teaching, and the undesirable problems of class work. The studying methods are survey of teachers opinion by questionnaires and analyses- of answers in papers. 531 subjects at various levels are selected from all over Choon- gnam Province by stratified random sampling and statistical methods used are t test, priority number and percentage. Subjects are classified into experimental groups of the- special science course and control group of the other courses. The results analyzed are as following: The scientific environments, relatively, seem to be in good conditions. Generally, teachers' teaching philosophy seems to have attained desirableness. Because of poor situations, teachers prefer to do demonstration rather than to help every pupil to carry out their experiments at first hand. We don’t have good teachers' guide books. Contribution of supervisors and resource personnels is not satisfactory for science education in class work. Methods and standards of the selection for the special course trainees seem to be ir- rational. Assignment of the chief teacher of science seems to be short of propriety for further improvement. The writer suggests the idea of in-service training as following, according to the results of the analyses: 1. Detailed system should be prepared for positive activity of resource personnels and effective guidance of supervisor. 2. The selection of trainees from local instructors should be managed through reas- onable system, in order to promote the effectiveness of local in-service training. 3. Urgent efforts should be made to edit the available teachers’ guide book and lab manual. 4. Team-teaching system should be, manipulated urgently or the assignment of class teacher should take reasonable operation. 5. The assignment of the chief teacher of science should take reasonable method, in order to assign practically available teacher who, continually makes effort in scientific field, in stead of the oldest teacher in the school.

스티렌 폭로 근로자들의 기중 및 혈중 스티렌과 요중 만델산의 관계 분석

정호근,강성규,양정선,김기웅,이종성,조영숙,박인정 大韓産業醫學會 1994 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The concentration of styrene in air in blood and mandelic acid in urine were checked for the 60 workers with normal liver function, exposed to styrene. Styrene in air were sampled with personal air sampler at least 4 hours and analyzed by gas chromatography. Blood and spot urine were collected at the end of shift with a vacuum tube and a polythylene bottle and analyzed by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Means of air and blood styrene and urine mandelic acid were 8.16 ppm(geometric mean), 0.199 mg/L, and 0.519 g/g creatinine, respectively. The concentration of styrene in air and mandelic acid in urine were high in the FRP factories and low in polymerization factory. Styrene in blood showed large difference by the working process. Styrene in air showed a good correlation with mandelic acid in urine(r=0.6369) and styrene in blood(r=0.6371). The mandelic acid in urine and styrene in blood corresponded to exposure of 50 ppm styrene were 0.890 g/g creatinine and 0.434 mg/L. However, hippuric acid in urine did not show any correlation with styrene in air. Urine mandelic acid excretion expected ratio showed a tendency to decrease according to obesity index and to increase with alcohol consumption.

先發的-後發的 開發途上國問의 國際農業技術移轉 序說 : -An Introductory Note-

王仁槿 서울大學校農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.1

International agricultural and rural development technology transfer or international agricultural technology transfer to developing countries from developed countries and their organizations since the end of World War Ⅱ in 1945 has been a built-in component element of the general and overall international development assistance programme. International agricultural technology transfer has been probably the most basic and important necessary condition for agricultural and rural development of most developing countries of predominantly agricultural base the world over. Legitmately and coventionally, international agriculural technology transfer as in the more larger case of the overall international development assistance programme has been originated from developed countries for developing countries, in planning and implementation of which, however, there have been manifested serious problems, usually coming from the transfer of alien traits among different countries of different and, sometimes, heterogeneous historical backgrounds and development stages, and states of affairs. This is the problem between developed countries as suppliers of technology and developing countries as recipient clients. Specifically, but in more generalized way, it may be pointed out an illustration in this regard that recipient developing countries in so many cases lack reasonably minimum level of technical know-how to effectively and efficiently absorb the advanced technology imported from developed countries. The developed countries as suppliers or donors of technology, on the other hand, lack appropriate understanding of developing countries for which they intend to impart their advanced technology with empathy. Quite recently, after nearly four decades since the end of World War Ⅱ in 1945 since which so many new developing countries obtained liberation for independence from their developed colonial countries, several developing countries including Korea have emerged as the comparatively more developed minority than the rest still remaining lagged as the majority of the developing countries of the world. The minority developing countries could be termed as "firstcomer developing countries" and the majority ones "latecomer developing countries". The latecomer developing countries have just begun to look upon some of the firstcomer developing countries such as Korea as their origin of aricultural technology transfer and their nation-building and modernization. Malaysia's "Look-East Policy" may be duely included in this quite new trend. Needless to mention, this is a dramatic departure from the legitimate and conventioal international agric-ultural technology transfer practice: developed countries are being replaced with by firstcomer devloping countries as the origin of technology transfer. In this paper, the author tried formally and, perhaps, for the first time, to bring out this newly-emerging dimension of international technology transfer phenomenon for latecomer ??, and implicitly but emphatically proposed that this research topic should be systematically implemented not only for enriching theoretically but also practically for facilitating agricultural and rural development processes of latecomer ??. In this connection, however, this paper cannot but be of an introductory nature. Some reasons why firstcomer ?? have increasingly become to be looked upon as origins of agricultural technology transfer by latecomer ?? have been identified and generalized: (a) latecomer ?? could get agricultural technology transfer for their agricultural and rural development as well as for their nation-building from firstcomer ?? far more effectively and efficiently than from developed countries which have been so long a time acting as suppliers, realizing indirect transfer effect; (b) the two-category groups of ?? could comfortably share "we-feeling", "togetherness" or "like-consciousness", contrasted to the usual superior-inferior complexes and master-slave relations most of the latecomer ?? did experience before independence with developed countries as their colonial rulers in the past; (c) the kind of transnational agricultural technology transfer is far less expensive in terms of costs and time resources, with comparatively maximum possible effectiveness attained. Some selected strategies of naturally preliminary nature may be derived for firstcomer ?? in planning and implementing international agricultural technology transfer for latecomer ?? as clients: (a) a systematic, in-depth analysis and study of donor countries' (firstcomer ??) agricultural development with special reference to agricultural technology should be made whereby, positive and negative variables and trial-and-error lessons could be derived and generalized to be utilized as learning experiences; (b) the same kind of analysis and study of the recipient latecomer ?? as ctual and potential clients should be made by means of holistic approach or by systems analysis approach. The initial effort would be technology or knowledge transfer from universities and research institutes in developed countries such as those in the USA and Japan, and secondly which should be followed up by dispatching own research teams to recipient countries for field study; (c) a specific and scientific effort should be made to identify and determine both felt-needs and unfelt-needs of particular latecomer ?? as technology transfer clients, which should include the so-called feasibility study in which a check-up of "transferability" is the most important; (d) in planning and implementing international agricultural technology transfer programmes, firstcomer ?? as donors should not try to get anything done which may require the so-called "transformation approach" as opposed to the so-called "improvement approach" in that it may have spoiling consequences for any intended programmes; and (e) firstcomer ?? as donors of international technology transfer for agricultural development of latecomer ?? have to be prepared themselves very much, one illustration being the training and education of specialists to work both at home and abroad with special reference to the intercultural or transnational diffusion and transfer of alien cultural elements including the technology itself.

무용과 스포츠 사회화를 통한 무용인과 운동선수들의 사회성에 관한 연구

김인형,이근모 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of study was systematically investigate a difference of the effects on sociality which was found as participation in dance or sports via comparison of participant and non-participant. Data were collected through a questionnaire designed for this study utilized a SAS package. The sample of this study subjects were drawn into dancers(male = 65, female = 415), athletes(male = 320, female = 209), and non-experienced group(male = 134, female = 322). Statistic employed for data analysis were one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA for an average identification. Based on data analysis, the conclusions were as follows; 1. A sociality via dance or sports socialization 1) In a question as 'the experience of dancer or sports can be induce a bright personality', the male was more affirmative non-experienced group than dancers and athletes. The female revealed in the more affirmative athletes than non-experienced group and dancers. 2) In respective of gender a question as dance or sports is a help to figure or a posture of correction; revealed in the more affirmative non-experienced group than dancers and athletes. 3) In respective of gender a question as 'I eagerly participate in all work which is related to dance or sports' revealed in the more affirmative dancers and athletes than non-experienced group. 2. General sociality 1) A question as 'I can endure in spite of a hard task' revealed in the more affirmative the male than the female and athletes than dancers and non-experienced group. 2) A question as 'I positively participate for all task' revealed in the more affirmative the male than the female and athletes than dancers and non-experienced group. 3) In a question as 'I don't mind what people think of me', the male revealed in the more affirmative athletes than non-experienced group and dancers. The female revealed in the more affirmative dancers and athletes than non-experienced group.