P2P 기반 Mobile System 구현

황인선,이호현,전병균,김형균 광주보건대학 2004 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

P2P network environments provide mobile users with direct data transmission and sharingfacilities and those environments can be classified into hybrid P2P network environments and pure P2P network environments according to the arbitration mechanism among the peers in the network. In pure P2P network environments, however, each peer directly connects to another peer and gets services without server intervention, and so, network isolation can occur when the mediating peer fails to work. In this paper, we propose a scheme for each peer to keep connection to other peers continuously by maintaining IP addresses of its neighbor peers and connecting to the peers when the mediating peer fails to work. Although the P2P application that uses our proposed framework should obtain one or more IP addresses of the neighbor peers manually, after instantiation, the application can do its job while maintaining connection to the network continuously and automatically. In order to improve these weaknesses, we introduce LBS(Location Based Service) and mobile P2P(Peer to Peer)service into the existing systems, then design and implement the enhanced system for mobile SFA using them. Through this improvement, our system makes it possible for customers or sales agents to quickly share various information and increases the efficiency of sales activity by facilitating the competition and cooperation among sales agents and reducing time-cost.

식이를 통한 농약섭취량에 관한 연구 : 두류, 서류, 견과류, 종실류, 채소류, 과실류 및 그 가공품에 대하여 legumes,potatoes,nuts,seeds,vegetables,fruits and their products

원경풍,홍무기,최동미,오창환,박건상,최윤주,안장혁,황인균,정지윤,정선미,박일경,이정복,장선영,홍주연,최영내 식품의약품안전청 1998 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.2 No.-

우리가 섭취하는 식품을 수세 , 탈피, 가열 등으로 섭취직전의 상태로 조리하여 잔류농약을 분석하였다. 그 결과 식품 섭처를 통한 농약의 1일 춘정 섭취량(EDI : estimated daily intake)을 파악하고 이를 농약의 1일섭취허용량(ADI : acceptabte daily intake) 및 이론적 최대섭취량(TffDt : theoretical maxiraum daily in늘he)과 비교하여 우리나라 국민이 식품으로부터 섭취하는 농약의 양에 대한 안전성을 평71하였다. 보편성있는 식품수거를 위채 수거대상 지역은 인구가 밀집되어 있는 대도시인 서울, 부산, 대구』 인천 , 대전, 광주, 수원, 전주, 마산과 춘천의 10곳을 선정하였다. 대상식품으로는 두류 및 가공품 11종, 서류 및 가공품 3종.견과류 및 가공품 8종, 기호식물류 1종, 종실류 2총, 과실류 및 가공품 20종, 채소류 21종의 총 50종of었다. 분석대상농약은 동시다셩분 분석채 가능한 농약으로 HPD대상농약 11종 및 ECD대상농약 48종으로 총 59졸이었다. 1995년부터 5개년 계획으로 수행되어 온 본 딴구는 큼년이 4차년도였으며,종전보다 대상식품 및 대상농약을 크게 늘리고 시료 전처리에 있어석 자동화된 고상추출 정제법을 사용하여 시료 처리속도를 창상시켰다. 분쇄된 시료들은 acetonitrile로 추출한 후 정제하여 GC/BCD 및 GC/HPD로 분석하고 검출된 성분들은 GC/MSD로 재확인차였다. 분석 결과 총 660 식품중 9식품(딸기, 복숭아, 풋고추, 고춧가루, 파, 피망, 상추, 시금치 , 깻잎 )에서 4종의 농약(procymidone, EPN, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos)이 검출피었으며, 이들 식품 십취를 통한 농약의 추정 섭취량()801)은 0.01 ~ 1.28rg/person/day 수준으로 극히 미팡이었다. 대상농약중에서 가장 많이 섭취되고 있는 농약은 on(losulfan으로 그 EDI를 ADI와 ㅂ1교한 결과 0.39%에 불과 하였으며, 이론적 최대섭취량(TMDI)과 비교한 결과도 0.49% 수준으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 대상식품을 섭치할 경우 분석대상 농약으로 인한 안전성에는 문제가 얼는 것으로 려가되었다. In order to rstimate the intake of pesticide residues through foods which is prepared ready to eat, total diet study(TDS) was carried. The foods(legumes, potatees, nuts, seeds, fruits, vegeta-bles a8d their products) were purchased at the retail stores in 10 large cities of Korea, respectively. Thecollected 660 samples(66 foods x10 regions) were pr,etreated in a manBer similar to that used at home(washing, trimming, peeling. boiling and etc ) and followed Uy the automated solid phase extraction.Frem the extracted samples, total 59 pesticides were determined by capillary gas chromatography withECD, NPD and MSD. The levels of pesticide residues were resulted in not detected or orders of magni-tude lower than maximum residve limits for most of samples. However, in 9 samples(strawberrf, peach,green pepper, red pepper powder, scallion, bell pepper, lettuce korean, spinach, wild sesame leaf),4 pesti-cides(procymidone, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, EPN) were detected with the estimated daily intake(EDE)values of fftl ~l.28rg/person/day. These EBI values were corresponded to <0.01 ~ 1.82% of ADT(for55kg person) and <0.01 ~O.49% of TMDI.

Pseudomonas sp. JH007에 의한 DL-2-Chloropropionic Acid로부터 D-Lactic Acid의 생산

정자헌,황인균,방원기 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.3

DL-2-chloropropionic acid로부터 D-lactic acid를 생산하기 위하여, 토양으로부터 DL-2-chloropropionic acid를 유일한 탄소원 및 에너지원으로 이용할 수 있는 균주 80여종을 분리하였으며, 분리균주들로부터 DL-2-chloropropionic acid로부터 D-lactic acid 생산성이 우수하며, L-lactic acid를 생산성이 우수하며, L-lactic acid를 생산하지 않은 균주 JH-007을 선별하여 Pseudomonas sp.로 동정하였다. DL-2-chloropropionic acid로부터 D-lactic acid를 생산하기 위한 최적 조건을 조사하기 위하여 3 g/l의 DL-2-chloropropionic acid가 포함된 LB 배지에서 배양하여 수확한 후 수확된 균체를 효소원으로 사용하였다. D-lactic acid 생산시 최적 반응액 조건은 125 mM sodium carbonate buffer에서 휴지균체 10 g/l와 3 g/l의 DL-2-chloropropionic acid를 사용할 때였으며, 최적 반응 pH는 10.0, 최적반응 온도는 30℃이었다. 최적조건하에서 반응액에 1 g/l의 DL-2-chloropropionic acid를 간헐적으로 첨가하여 5시간 반응시켰을 때 5.72 g/l의 D-lactic acid가 생산되었으며, 전환율은 98.4%였으며, 광학순도는 99.8%이었다. For the production of D-lactic acid from DL-2-chloropropionic acid, about 80 strains of bacteria capable of assimilating DL-2-chloropropionic acid as a sole carbon and energy source were isolated from the soil. JH-007 strain that showed the higest productivity of D-lactic acid and didn't produce L-lactic acid from DL-2-chloropropionic acid was selected from them and identified as Pseudomonas sp. The optimal conditions for the production of D-lactic acid from DL-2-chloropropionic acid were examined. The resting cells of JH-007 cultured in LB medium containing 3 g/l of DL-2-chloropropionic acid were used as an enzyme source. The reaction mixtures for the maximal production of D-lactic acid were consist of 10 g/l of resting cells and 3 g/l of DL-2-chloropropionic acid in 125 mM sodium carbonate buffer. The optimal pH for the reaction was 10.0 and the optimal temperature was 30℃. When 1 g/l of DL-2-chloropropionic acid was added intermittently to the reaction mixture under the above condition, 5.72 g/l of D-lactic acid was produced after incubation of 5 hrs. This amount of D-lactic acid corresponded to a 98.4% yields and the optical purity was 99.8%.

The Food Control and Role of Pusan Regional Food and Drug Administration

황인균 한국생명과학회 1998 한국생명과학회 학술발표회 Vol.22 No.-

In Feb. 1998, FDA containing 6 affiliated organization(Pusan, Seoul, Kyung-In, Taegu, Kwangju, and Taejon) made a new start in order to ensure that foods and medicines are safe and improve the quality of life. Among 6 regional administration, the Pusan Regional Food & Drug Administration is reliable to inspect more than 60% of total imported foods, agricultural products and food containers and packages. We have carried the inspection with 290 kinds of advanced analytical equipments(GC/MS, LC/MS, ICP, etc.). In 1997, the violation rate in the inspection of imported and domestic foods was 1.92% and 4.59%, respectively. Especially, that of processed food was higher than the others (agricultural products, food packagings, and food additives). The main reason for violation is caused by microorganisms that are not qualified by food code standards. In 1997, the ratio of violation in the inspection of imported agricultural products, was 0.27%, 9 case in 3,316 samples. Comparing to these facts, the violation caused by pesticides has occupied smaller portion than caused by others. The ratio of domestic food in total food inspection has been increased annually, and inspections for the pharmaceutical and the medical product also increased dramatically in recent years. Pusan Regional Food & Drug Administration do our best to secure food and drug safety, to educate and inspect food and drug manufacture and distribution related business for reliability of public health. We will try to catch up with the advanced information and develope the technology that support the people's health and welfare. We will put our driving force to the public education to help people choose their foods by themselves under the correct safety guideline.

Prognostic significance of preoperative kidney volume for predicting renal function in renal cell carcinoma patients receiving a radical or partial nephrectomy

Jeon, Hwang Gyun,Gong, In Hyuck,Hwang, Jin Ho,Choi, Don Kyung,Lee, Seung Ryeol,Park, Dong Soo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 BJU international Vol.109 No.10

<P>Study Type – Prognosis (case series)</P><P>Level of Evidence 4</P><P><B>What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?</B></P><P>At present, many studies have been executed to identify predictors for chronic kidney disease or renal insufficiency after radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy. We examined whether preoperative kidney volume is a predictor for renal function after radical or partial nephrectomies in RCC patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the relationship between preoperative kidney volume and changes in renal function in RCC patients who underwent radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy performed by one surgeon.</P><P><B>OBJECTIVE</B></P><P><P>To investigate whether preoperative kidney volume is a prognostic factor for predicting the postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients.</P></P><P><B>PATIENTS AND METHODS</B></P><P><P>We included 133 patients who underwent radical (<I>n</I>= 83) or partial (<I>n</I>= 50) nephrectomy for RCC.</P><P>Kidney parenchymal volume was measured using personal computer‐based software and GFR was estimated before and after surgery at 6 and 12 months.</P><P>We evaluated the change in kidney volume after radical and partial nephrectomy and used regression analysis to identify predictors of lower post‐surgical GFR at 12 months.</P></P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P><P>The mean volume of the normal side kidney for the radical nephrectomy group increased from 142.4 mL to 166.0 mL (17.2%) and 171.5 mL (21.2%) after surgery at 6 and 12 months, respectively.</P><P>In the partial nephrectomy group, the volume of the normal side kidney increased from 127.2 mL to 138.8 mL (9.1%) and 140.6 mL (10.9%) after surgery at 6 and 12 months, respectively.</P><P>The volume of the operated side kidney decreased from 128.5 mL to 102.3 mL (20.1%) and 101.8 (20.6%) after surgery at 6 and 12 months, respectively.</P><P>In the radical nephrectomy group, older age (<I>P</I> < 0.001), preoperative volume of the normal kidney (<I>P</I>= 0.022) and preoperative GFR for the normal side kidney (<I>P</I>= 0.045) were significant predictors of lower post‐surgical GFR at 12 months.</P><P>In the partial nephrectomy group, older age (<I>P</I>= 0.001) and preoperative volume for both kidneys (<I>P</I>= 0.037) were significant predictors of lower post‐surgical GFR at 12 months.</P></P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P><P>Preoperative kidney volume is an independent predictor of GFR in RCC patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy.</P></P>

국내 분유 및 영.유아식품에서 분리된 Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii)의 Biofilm 생성 특성 및 내산성 비교

김선애,이유미,오세욱,곽효선,황인균,강동현,우건조,이민석,Kim, Sun-Ae,Lee, Yu-Mi,Oh, Se-Wook,Gwak, Hyo-Sun,Hwang, In-Gyun,Kang, Dong-Hyun,Woo, Gun-Jo,Rhee, Min-Suk 한국축산식품학회 2009 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.29 No.6

We investigated biofilm formation in various media, growth in low pH, and the hemolytic activity of 14 strains of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) isolated from a variety of foods including powdered infant formula (n=75), infant cereal (n=100), honey (n=30), and other infant foods (n=100) in Korea. The Cronobacter spp. adhered and formed biofilms on polyethylene, and a greater extent of biofilm was observed in nutrient-rich media. No clear difference in biofilm-forming ability was noted among the media constituents and the pattern of biofilm formation was strain-dependent. Seven strains out of 14 strains (50%) grew at pH 4.1, indicating that the acid resistance of these Cronobacter spp. isolated in Korea was relatively low. Hemolytic activity was not observed in any of the strains. This study provides basic information for the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cronobacter spp. isolated from a variety of infant foods in Korea.

콩과 콩나물중 잔류농약에 관한 연구

홍무기,최동미,오창환,박건상,황인균,성지윤,이정복,장선영,최윤주 식품의약품안전청 1997 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.1 No.-

시중에 유통되고 잇는 콩나물요 콩중의 잔류농약을 조사하고원료콩에 잔류하는 농약이 재배산물인 콩남루로 이행하는지에 대해 알아보기 위해 콩나물용 콩, 농약을 처리한 콩 및 농약을 처리한 콩으로 재배한 콩나물중의 잔류농약을 비교븐석하였다. 전국 9개 대도시에서 5회에 걸쳐 수집한 국내산 콩 45시료와 농수산물유통공사와 국립농산물검사소를 통하여 수집한 수입산 콩 20시료 중의 carbendazim의 잔류분석을 실시한 결과 수집한 시료 65건 모두에서 carbendazim이 검출되지 않닸다. 콩나물 원료콩에 농약잔류허용기준만큼의 농약이 잔류되도록 하기 위해서 원료콩에 benomyl, thiophanate-methyl과 thiram 등 3가지 서로 다른 농도치 농약용액에 1시간동안 침지한 후 3일간 건조시켰다. Benomyl 용액 0.5,20,50ppm으로 수침한 후 건조한 몽에서는 각각 nd, 0.58,1.99ppm이 잔류하였으며,thiophanate- ethyl용액 0.5,5,50ppm으로 수침한 후 건조한 콩에서는 각각 nd 0.22,2.35ppm이 잔류하였다. 그리고 thiram용액 0.j, 5, 50ppm으로 수침한 후 건조한 콩에서는 각각 0.12, 0.45, 5.88ppm이 잔류하였다. 콩나물은 경기도 고양시 화정구 소재 콩나물농장의 암실에서 일반적인 방법으펀 재배하였는데,농약을 처리하여 건조시킨 원료콩을물에 불린 후 Ik9씩 재배통에 분배하여 1회에 15분동안 1일 5치씩 물을 주면서 7일동안재배하였다. 그레나, 이러한 농약을 처리한 원료콩으로 콩나물을 재배하여 재배산물인 콩나물에 잔류되어 있는 농약을 분석한 결과 benomyl, thiophanate-Hlethyl과 thiram의 모든 경우에서 농약이 긷출되지 않았다. To assure whether pesticide residues of beaa sprouts were transferred from the raw commodity, beans or not, the pesticide residues were determined in the domestic and the imported beans, in the pesticide-treated beans and in the cultivated bean sprouts. The domestic beans (45 samples; 9 cities x 5 times) and the imported beans (15 samples of USA and 5 samples of China) were collected and analyzed as carbendazim. No carbendazim residue was defected in all 65 bean samples. Beans containing carbendazim residues as much as nd, 0.58 and 1.99ppm were obtained as follows : pesticide-free beans were washed, soaked in 0.5,20 and 50pprn of benomyl solutions for 1 hour and dried for 3 days. By treating beans with 0.5, 5 and 50ppm of thiophanate-methyl solutions, beans containing carbendazim residues as much as nd, 0.22 and 2.35ppm were obtained. In addition beans containing 0.12, 0.45 and 5.88ppm of thiram residue were obtained by treating beans with 0.5, 5 and 50ppm solutions of thiram. However, after cultivating the pesticide-treated beans for 7 days in the dark, no pesticide residue was detected in bean sprouts.

Analysis of Major Foodborne Pathogens in Various Foods in Korea

Mi-Gyeong Kim,Mi-Hwa Oh,Gun-Young Lee,In-Gyun Hwang,Hyo-Sun Kwak,Yun-Sook Kang,Young-Ho Ko,Hong-Ki Jun,Ki-Sung Kwon 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.3

Foodborne pathogenic bacteria in various food samples in Korea were monitored and the obtained data was statistically analyzed. A total of 1,240 food samples including 280 sashimi, 244 processed frozen products, 258 kimbab (cooked rice wrapped with seaweed), 337 soybean pastes were obtained from 7 cities including Seoul in Korea. Microorganisms tested were Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, and Clostridium perfringens. The contaminated microorganisms in food samples were comprised of 10.55% B. cereus, 2.7% S. aureus, 2.0% V. parahaemolyticus, 0.8% C. perfringens, 0.2% Y. enterocolitica, and 0.1% of L. monocytogenes, respectively. Salmonella spp., C. jejuni, and E. coli O157:H7 were not detected in any of the food samples. Particularly, B. cereus that harbors the enterotoxin gene was detected in various foods and regions in Korea, therefore it should be a given special consideration not to allow the hazardous level of contamination.

Inter-validation of the in vitro transactivation assay to test (anti)androgenic potential compounds by using 22Rv1/ mouse mammary tumor virus cells

Hee-Seok Lee,Eun-Jung Park,Songyi Han,Gyeong-Yong Oh,Min-Hee Kim,Kwang-Soo Lee,Myung-Sil Hwang,Guiim Moon,In-Gyun Hwang 한국발생생물학회 2015 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2015 No.9

Endocrine disruptors are exogenous chemicals that their endocrine disrupting effects mediated by androgenic signaling plays crucial roles in the control of development and several androgen-related diseases. However, there are no authorized in vitro screening and testing methods to evaluation of (anti-)androgenic activity. To find out a better in vitro cell line model, we have previously reported that 22Rv1 cells, a human prostate cancer cells contained functional Androgen Receptor (AR), might be an appropriate model for the evaluation of (anti-)androgenic endocrine disruptors. Based on this result, we developed a stable 22Rv1/mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) cell line to test AR-mediated transcriptional activation (TA). Using 22Rv1/MMTV cells, we established the test protocol and optimized the testing condition for AR-TA assay. In this study, we performed the inter-validation assay by four different laboratories to evaluate the 20 coded chemicals which were selected from the ICCVAM list (ICCVAM, 2003) or academic articles that exhibited exact (anti-) androgenic activity. The statistical analysis of the results of the inter-laboratory validation study revealed that there was reproducibility between the four participating laboratories. In conclusion, 22Rv1/MMTV AR-TA assay might be a quick and relatively inexpensive method, which can be used to screen large numbers of chemicals for their potential to activate or inhibit AR-mediated gene transcription. Furthermore, it will provide mechanistic data relevant to understanding adverse reactions observed in intact organisms.

Diagnosis of split fractures of the mandible in adults

Taesik Kim,Sung Gyun Jung,In Pyo Hong,Young Joong Hwang Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association 2023 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.24 No.4

Background: Mandibular split fractures, in which the fracture occurs exclusively in the posterior wall, are uncommon. This study aimed to enhance clinicians' understanding of mandibular split fractures and offer insights for future research. Methods: This study included six patients who visited our hospital between January 2020 and June 2023 and were diagnosed with mandibular split fractures. We retrospectively collected data from patients' medical records on their age, sex, symptoms, mechanism, impact site, associated injuries, and treatment method, as well as the location, pattern, and number of fractures observed on computed tomography (CT) and panoramic images. The frequency of split fractures among all mandibular fractures was calculated. Results: The six patients included three men (50%) and three women (50%), ranging in age from 20 to 71 years (mean age, 49.8 years). The split fractures were located in the symphysis in one patient (16.7%), symphysis to parasymphysis in two patients (33.3%), parasymphysis in one patient (16.7%), and parasymphysis to the body in two patients (33.3%). Four patients (66.7%) had condylar head fractures, while two patients (33.3%) had single split fractures. The mechanism of trauma was a slip-down incident in four cases (66.7%), while two cases (33.3%) were caused by motorcycle traffic accidents. Four patients (67%) underwent intermaxillary fixation, while two patients (33%) improved with conservative treatment. Split fractures were diagnosed in all six patients on CT, whereas the fracture line was not clearly visible on panoramic images. Mandibular split fractures accounted for 5.6% of all mandibular fractures. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the clinical characteristics of rare mandibular split fractures and the diagnostic imaging findings. Furthermore, CT scans and three-dimensional image synthesis-instead of panoramic images-may be essential for accurately diagnosing mandibular fractures, including mandibular split fractures, in the future.