Ether 吸入麻醉時 心筋細胞의 微細形態 變化

孫泰重,姜林周 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1981 慶北醫大誌 Vol.22 No.1

백서를 실험동물로 하여 ether흡입마취를 30분간 단회 시행하고 경시적으로 심근세포에 일어나는 변화를 미세형태학적으로 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 마취를 시행하고 난 직후에서는 mitochondria의 외막과 cristae의 국소적인 소실 및 Chondrosphere 형성이 뚜렷하였고 mitochondria 주위에 있는 glycogen과립의 경한 감소 그리고 sarcoplasmci reticulum의 중등도 확장이 인정되었다. 이러한 소견들은 마취 후 4시간 때에서는 훨씬 경미하게 나타나서 12시간 때에서는 거의 대조군과 유사한 양상을 정하였다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 종합하여 보면 ether 마취에 있어서 심근 세포는 주로 mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum 및 glycogen particle에 중등도 적응성 변화가 야기되며 이러한 변화들은 대체로 마취 후 단시간내에 회복되는 것으로 추정된다. The author studied the ultrastructural changes of the myocardial fibers under ether anesthesia. Nine albino rats were anesthetized of 30 minutes. Each of three group were sacrificed immediately, four and twelve hours after anestheia respectively. And then hearts extracted out. The results were as follows: Immediately after ether anesthesia the myocardial fiber showed moderate swelling and partial loss of the cristae and the outer mombrane in mitochodria. Considerable degree of chondrosphere formation, moderate decrease of glycogen particles surrounding the mitochondria, and moderate dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum were found. Four hours after ether anesthesia, these changes were relatively milder but, returned to the normal limits 12 hours after ether anesthesia. The results suggested that relatively moderate degree of adaptational alterations were occured in the mitochondria, the sarcoplamic reticulum and the glycogen particles of the myocardial fiber immediately after ether anesthesia which were recovered

간호사의 임상 실무 경험

서문자,손행미,강현숙,권성복,김주현,박영숙,이은희,임난영,조경숙,지성애 성인간호학회 2002 성인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.4

purpose: This study was conducted to describe qualitatively the entities of nurse's experiences in general hospitals and to suggest basic data guiding research on developing Standards of clinical nursing practice in Korea. Method: Fourteen nurses working at general hospitals with over 300 beds in Seoul were interviewed in-depth until saturation using tape-recorders and transcription. Result: The central theme of clinical nursing practice experienced by subjects was "being with clients" that means accepting client's personal character, solving client's needs and providing client-centered nursing. A also "being with clients" was felt to be the responsibility of nurses which was learned from their nursing schools. The nursing strategies performed in order to be with patients were proving skillful nursing techniques, accepting, educating, emotional support, advocating, and self-reflecting, the subjects experienced somewhat problematic affects such as difficulties in interpersonal relationship, work overload, negative image of nursing, deficit of self-confidence for nursing actions, poor working conditions, and unfair treatment. Nurses at the hospital practiced with pride when they felt that they were accepted by clients. Conclusion: Further research is needed to analysis problems in clinical practice and the comparison of nurses' experiences of clinical practice, with nurses' experiences in various settings.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

STANAG-4586을 적용한 무인기 지상통제 SW 표준화 개발

강임주(Im-Joo Kang),이한석(Han-Seok Lee),조인제(In-Je Cho) 한국정보과학회 2012 정보과학회지 Vol.30 No.9

Changes in Sensitization Rate to Weed Allergens in Children with Increased Weeds Pollen Counts in Seoul Metropolitan Area

Kim, Joo-Hwa,Oh, Jae-Won,Lee, Ha-Baik,Kim, Seong-Won,Kang, Im-Joo,Kook, Myung-Hee,Kim, Bong-Seong,Park, Kang-Seo,Baek, Hey-Sung,Kim, Kyu-Rang,Choi, Young-Jean The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2012 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.27 No.4

<P>The prevalence of allergic diseases in children has increased for several decades. We evaluated the correlation between pollen count of weeds and their sensitization rate in Seoul, 1997-2009. Airborne particles carrying allergens were collected daily from 3 stations around Seoul. Skin prick tests to pollen were performed on children with allergic diseases. Ragweed pollen gradually increased between 1999 and 2005, decreased after 2005 and plateaued until 2009 (peak counts, 67 in 2003, 145 in 2005 and 83 grains/m<SUP>3</SUP>/day in 2007). Japanese hop pollen increased between 2002 and 2009 (peak counts, 212 in 2006 and 492 grains/m<SUP>3</SUP>/day in 2009). Sensitization rates to weed pollen, especially ragweed and Japanese hop in children with allergic diseases, increased annually (ragweed, 2.2% in 2000 and 2.8% in 2002; Japanese hop, 1.4% in 2000 and 1.9% in 2002). The age for sensitization to pollen gradually became younger since 2000 (4 to 6 yr of age, 3.5% in 1997 and 6.2% in 2009; 7 to 9 yr of age, 4.2% in 1997 and 6.4% in 2009). In conclusion, sensitization rates for weed pollens increase in Korean children given increasing pollen counts of ragweed and Japanese hop.</P>

Changes of Carbohydrates in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Leaves and Flowers under Different Night Temperature and Irradiance

Yun Im Kang(강윤임),Hark Joo Kim(김학주),Hee Chun(전희),Si Young Lee(이시영),Sung Hyn Yum(염성현),Nam Jun Kang(강남준) 한국원예학회 2005 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2005 No.10

Promoting Effects of Herbal Extracts Mixtures on Hair Growth in C57BL/6 Mice

Jin-Joo Hue, Mi-ha Im, Bong Su Kang, Jun-Hyeong Kim, Sang Yoon Nam, Young Won Yun, Jong Soo Kim, Beom Jun Lee 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2009 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.10 No.1

본문참고

Changes of Carbohydrates in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Leaves and Flowers under Different Irradiance and Night Temperature Regimes

Yun-Im Kang,Hark-Joo Kim,Si-Young Lee,Hee Chun,Nam-Jun Kang,Byoung Ryong Jeong 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.6

We investigated the effect of night temperature and irradiance in changes of carbohydrates concentrations in peppers to elucidate the relationships between environmental conditions and amount of carbohydrates. A factorial experiment was conducted with two levels of irradiance conditions, 30 and 180 Wm<SUP>-2</SUP>, and two levels of night temperature conditions, 13±1 and 18±2℃. The amount of carbohydrates increased with increasing irradiance. Change of carbohydrates concentrations in leaves were constantly maintained regardless of irradiance levels during night time, in comparison with carbohydrates concentrations in flowers. This suggests that carbohydrates formed in the leaves were preferentially used to maintain leaves and then carbohydrates remaining in leaves might be expected to translocate to sink organs, such as flowers. In peppers, the critical temperature is generally 18℃ for flowering and fruit setting, but when the plant is under low irradiance, normal development of flowers was expected to be possible by controlling the night temperature below the critical value. However, low night temperature combined with high irradiance caused swelling of the flowers which might decrease the viability and germinability of the flowers.

전력 SCADA 시스템의 사이버 보안 위험 평가를 위한 정량적 방법론에 관한 연구

강동주(Dong-joo Kang),이종주(Jong-joo Lee),이영(Young Lee),이임섭(Im-sop Lee),김휘강(Huy-kang Kim) 한국정보보호학회 2013 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.23 No.3

본 논문은 제어시스템에서 사이버 위협과 취약성을 평가하기 위한 정량적 모델링에 관한 연구이다. SCADA(supervisory control and data acquisition) 시스템은 대표적인 제어시스템이고 전력계통에서 가장 큰 규모를 형성하고 있다. SCADA 시스템은 초기에는 지역적으로 고립된 시스템이었으나 통신 및 제어기술이 발전하면서 광역으로 확대되어 왔다. 스마트그리드는 에너지 시스템과 IT 시스템을 통합하는 것이며, 이러한 통합의 과정에서 IT 시스템 상에서 존재하던 위협이 제어시스템으로 옮겨오게 된다. 전력시스템은 실시간 특성이 강하게 요구되며, 이는 전력시스템의 사이버 위협을 IT 시스템에 비해 보다 복잡하고 치명적으로 만드는 요인이 된다. 예를 들어, 기밀성이 IT 시스템에서 가장 중요한 요소인데 반해 가용성은 제어시스템에서 가장 중요한 고려 사안이다. 이러한 맥락에서, 보다 체계적인 방식으로 전력시스템의 사이버 위험을 평가하는 과정이 요구된다. 일반적인 관점에서 위험이란, 위협, 취약성, 자산의 곱으로 산출되며 본 연구는 전력시스템 구성요소 별로 위험을 정량적으로 분석할 수 있는 프레임워크를 제안한다. This paper is about the study to build a quantitative methodology to assess cyber threats and vulnerabilities on control systems. The SCADA system in power industry is one of the most representative and biggest control systems. The SCADA system was originally a local system but it has been extended to wide area as both ICT and power system technologies evolve. Smart Grid is a concept to integrate energy and IT systems, and therefore the existing cyber threats might be infectious to the power system in the integration process. Power system is operated on a real time basis and this could make the power system more vulnerable to the cyber threats. It is a unique characteristic of power systems different from ICT systems. For example, availability is the most critical factor while confidentiality is the one from the CIA triad of IT security. In this context, it is needed to reflect the different characteristics to assess cyber security risks in power systems. Generally, the risk(R) is defined as the multiplication of threat(T), vulnerability(V), and asset(A). This formula is also used for the quantification of the risk, and a conceptual methodology is proposed for the objective in this study.

편지글 읽기에 나타난 한국어 모음 /오/-/우/의 세대간 차이

한정임(Han, Jeong-Im),강현숙(Kang, Hyunsook),김주연(Kim, Joo-Yeon) 한국음성학회 2013 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.5 No.4

This study is a follow-up study of Han and Kang (2013) and Kang and Han (2013) which examined cross-generational changes in the Korean vowels /o/ and /u/ using acoustic analyses of the vowel formants of these two vowels, their Euclidean distances and the overlap fraction values generated in SOAM 2D (Wassink, 2006). Their results showed an on-going approximation of /o/ and /u/, more evident in female speakers and non-initial vowels. However, these studies employed non-words in a frame sentence. To see the extent to which these two vowels are merged in real words in spontaneous speech, we conducted an acoustic analysis of the formants of /o/ and /u/ produced by two age groups of female speakers while reading a letter sample. The results demonstrate that 1) the younger speakers employed mostly F2 but not F1 differences in the production of /o/ and /u/; 2) the Euclidean distance of these two vowels was shorter in non-initial than initial position, but there was no difference in Euclidean distance between the two age groups (20’s vs. 40-50’s); 3) overall, /o/ and /u/ were more overlapped in non-initial than initial position, but in non-initial position, younger speakers showed more congested distribution of the vowels than in older speakers.