Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Extended Culture of Bone Marrow with Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Generates Immunosuppressive Cells

Na, Hye Young,Sohn, Moah,Ryu, Seul Hye,Choi, Wanho,In, Hyunju,Shin, Hyun Soo,Park, Chae Gyu 한국조명·전기설비학회 2018 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol. No.

<P>Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) are generated from bone marrow (BM) cells cultured with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for a week. In this study we investigated the effect of duration on the BM culture with GM-CSF. Within several months, the cells in the BM culture gradually expressed homogeneous levels of CD11c and major histocompatibility complex II on surface, and they became unable to stimulate allogeneic naïve T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In addition, when the BM culture were sustained for 32 wk or longer, the BM cells acquired ability to suppress the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in MLR as well as the response of ovalbumin-specific OT-I transgenic T cells in antigen-dependent manner. We found that, except for programmed death-ligand 1, most cell surface molecules were expressed lower in the BM cells cultured with GM-CSF for the extended duration. These results indicate that BM cells in the extended culture with GM-CSF undergo 2 distinct steps of functional change; first, they lose the immunostimulatory capacity; and next, they gain the immunosuppressive ability.</P>

Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of Rice Backcrossed Inbred Sister Lines of Saltol in Temperate Saline Reclaimed Area

( Jae-hyuk Han ),( Na-hyun Shin ),( Je-hoon Moon ),( Changhwan Yi ),( Soo-cheul Yoo ),( Joong Hyoun Chin ) 한국육종학회 2020 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.8 No.1

Saltol is one of the most well-known quantitative loci (QTLs) for salinity tolerance in rice. It has been used to develop highly tolerant rice varieties in saline and coastal areas in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Africa. However, the functional activity of Saltol is not well known, and the molecular marker application of readily developed linked markers in Saltol has not always been successful in the rice breeding programs for salinity tolerance improvement. Interestingly, two BC₂F₉ sister backcrossed inbred lines (BILs), which have been developed by marker-assisted backcrossing utilized the linked markers of Saltol to improve the salinity tolerance of MS11 (a temperate japonica growing in tropical condition). The BILs showed very different phenotypic and stress tolerance, although both contained the Saltol QTL. The genomic similarity of the two BILs was 73%, and we have identified the genomic sites of different genic constitutions between the lines utilizing background genotyping. The stress response of the two BILs showed difference in survival rate, grain yield under highly saline field condition, and SPAD, SES in hydroponic conditions. MS11-SaltolA showed salinity tolerance through Na⁺/K⁺ homeostasis with relatively high K⁺ ion uptake and low Na⁺ ion uptake in the seedling stage. Further genomic analyses with whole genome resequencing is ongoing to study on gene interactions. The developed highly tolerant MS11-SaltolA can be used as an improved donor in rice molecular breeding for high salinity tolerance.

Structural basis for the ATP-independent proteolytic activity of LonB proteases and reclassification of their AAA+ modules.

An, Young Jun,Na, Jung-Hyun,Kim, Myung-Il,Cha, Sun-Shin Microbiological Society of Korea 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.10

<P>Lon proteases degrade defective or denature proteins as well as some folded proteins for the control of cellular protein quality. There are two types of Lon proteases, LonA and LonB. Each consists of two functional components: a protease component and an ATPase associated with various cellular activities (AAA+ module). Here, we report the 2.03 -resolution crystal structure of the isolated AAA+ module (iAAA+ module) of LonB from Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 (TonLonB). The iAAA+ module, having no bound nucleotide, adopts a conformation virtually identical to the ADP-bound conformation of AAA+ modules in the hexameric structure of TonLonB; this provides insights into the ATP-independent proteolytic activity observed in a LonB protease. Structural comparison of AAA+ modules between LonA and LonB revealed that the AAA+ modules of Lon proteases are separated into two distinct clades depending on their structural features. The AAA+ module of LonB belongs to the -H2 & Ins1 insert clade (HINS clade)- defined for the first time in this study, while the AAA+ module of LonA is a member of the HCLR clade.</P>

하이퍼 파라미터 최적화 기법을 적용한 이상 거래 탐지 시스템

이원준(Won-Joon Lee),서민혜(Min-Hye Seo),신나라(Na-Ra Shin) 대한전자공학회 2021 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6

This paper proposes new Fraud Detection System with Hyper-parameter Optimization to develop for the limitations of existing FDS. We use Hyper-parmeter Optimization Algorithm that Naïve Evolution Algorithm(based Genetic Algorithm) and Tree-structured Parzen Estimator Algorithm(based Bayesian Optimization Algorithm). The main result of this study is TPE Algorithm shows better AUPRC values in less time than the Naïve Evolution Algorithm on two FDS Data Sets. The contribution of this paper is the improvement of FDS with HPO algorithm.

쓰레기 매립장 주변 농촌 주민들의 삶의 질 연구

이명경,최준열,김인경,조영아,김영신,정혜진,김리나,이영규,조영태,Lee, Myung-Kyung,Choi, Jun-Yeol,Kim, In-Kyoung,Cho, Yeong-Ah,Kim, Young-Shin,Jung, Hye-Jin,Kim, Li-Na,Lee, Young-Kyu,Cho, Young-Tae 대한예방의학회 2006 예방의학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: This study aims to examine if a garbage dumping site has real and negative influence on the quality of life (QOL) for the nearby residents. The net effects of the residential distance from the garbage dumping site and from the garbage truck route were investigated for five domains of the QOL. Methods: Two hundred fifty seven Shin-dong Myeon residents, Chun-cheon Si, participated in a self-administrated survey. The Shin-dong Myeon garbage dumping site began operating in 1996. ANCOV A with generalized linear models and multiple regression analysis were performed. Results: Descriptive analyses show that a residence nearby a garbage dumping site is negatively associated with the physical and environmental domains of the QOL. The residential distance from the garbage truck route does not exert any significant effect on various domains of QOL, except for the environmental domain. On the multivariate analysis, the residents living near the garbage dumping site tended to have a significantly negative QOL in the physical and environmental domains. However, the distance from the garbage truck route did not show a significant nor substantial effect on the QOL. The demographic and socioeconomic control variables are associated with a number of the QOL domains, and their patterns are consistent with the general expectations. Conclusions: The results indicated that a garbage dumping site is considered to be an environmental hazard among the nearby residents according to the lower scores on the physical and environmental domains of the QOL. The findings from this study provide comprehensive understanding on the residents' QOL, and they may help politicians and policy makers make decisions for appropriate interventions.

자생 및 재배 큰비쑥의 이화학적 특성 비교

강보라(Bo Ra Kang),김은희(Eun Hee Kim),김연경(Yeon Kyoung Kim),김아현(Ah Hhyun Kim),오규연(Gyu Yeon Oh),박유민(Yoo Min Park),조아현(Ah Hyeon Jo),나환식(Hwan Sik Na),신미영(Mi Yeong Shin),안양준(Yang Joon An),조정용(Jeong Yong Cho),이소 한국식품저장유통학회 2024 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.31 No.2

국화과에 속하는 큰비쑥은 ‘갯쑥’으로도 알려져 있는 염생식물로서 생물학적 이용 가능성이 높은 2차 대사산물이 풍부할 것으로 기대되며, 항염, 항산화, 미백효과 등 다양한 생리 활성이 있다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 큰비쑥을 경쟁력 있는 작물로써 이용성을 높이고자 생장 환경별 총폴리페놀 함량, 라디칼 소거능, 무기질 함량, 중금속 및 잔류농약을 분석하였다. 총폴리페놀은 가장 높은 함량을 보인 자생 성숙잎을 제외하고는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나(p<0.05), ABTS 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 자생잎보다 재배잎에서 높은 활성을 보였다. 이는 폴리페놀 화합물의 구조적 요인이나 폴리페놀 화합물 이외의 영양성분들이 라디칼 소거능에 복합적으로 작용한 결과로 판단된다. 무기질 중 Na 함량은 자생 어린잎이 가장 높았으나, Na을 제외한 총 무기질 함량은 재배잎이 자생잎보다 높았다. K 및 Ca 함량은 자생잎보다 재배잎이 높았다. 큰비쑥 4종의 안전성을 알아보기 위해 중금속을 분석한 결과, Pb, Cd, As, Hg이 검출되었으나, 엽채류 식약처 고시 기준인 Pb 0.3 mg/kg, Cd 0.2 mg/kg보다 낮은 수준으로 나타났고 전반적으로 재배잎이 자생잎보다 낮게 측정되었다. 잔류농약은 큰비쑥 4종에서 검출되지 않아 안전하다고 판단된다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해 재배 큰비쑥은 전라남도 해안지역 자생 큰비쑥과 비교하여 큰 차이가 없어 재배잎을 육종하여 대량생산한다면 이용 가능성이 높은 품종으로 활용 가능하다고 판단된다. Artemisia fukudo Makino belongs to the Asteraceae family, is a halophyte that can grow in salinity soils and is known for its various physiological activities. However, few studies were comparing it according to the growth environment. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the antioxidant activity, functional ingredients, and safety of Artemisia fukudo Makino according to the growth environment. Total polyphenol content was the highest in native mature leaves, but 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was higher in cultivated leaves than in native leaves. The total mineral content, excluding sodium, was higher in cultivated than in native leaves. The content of potassium and calcium was higher in cultivated leaves than in native leaves. In addition, heavy metal analysis showed that cultivated leaves were generally lower than those of native leaves. Residual pesticides were not detected in all samples. In conclusion, since there is no significant difference in cultivated leaves compared to native leaves, it was judged that cultivated leaves could be used as a variety to be grown and mass-produced.

Gitelman 증후군 환자에서 면역조직화학법으로 확인한 원위세관 sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCCT)의 결손

장혜련 ( Hye Ryoun Jang ),허남주 ( Nam Ju Heo ),손민정 ( Min Jung Son ),이재욱 ( Jay Wook Lee ),이정환 ( Jeong Hwan Lee ),전은실 ( Un Sil Jeon ),신성준 ( Sung Jun Shin ),나기영 ( Ki Young Na ),주권욱 ( Kwon Wook Joo ),이정상 ( Jun 대한내과학회 2005 대한내과학회지 Vol.69 No.6

목적 : Gitelman 증후군은 저포타시움혈증, 대사성 알칼리증, 고레닌혈증, 고알도스테론혈증, 요 중 칼슘 배설의 저하 및 저마그네슘혈증을 특징으로 하는 유전성 질환이다. 이는 원위세관 sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCCT)의 유전자 돌연변이에 의하여 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 사람의 신조직에서 NCCT 결손이 증명된 바는 없었다. 방법 : 저자들은 임상적으로 Gitelman 증후군이 의심되는 환자에서 이뇨제를 이용한 신청소율 검사와 유전자 검사를 시행하였고, 이를 통하여 감별진단한 Gitelman 증후군 환자의 신조직에서 인간 NCCT에 대한 토끼 다클론 항체를 이용한 면역조직화학법을 시행하였다. 신세포암으로 신적출술을 시행 받은 환자의 정상 신조직과 전해질 이상이 없었던 사구체신염 환자의 신조직을 각각 정상 대조군과 질환 대조군으로 하였다. 결과 : 대상 환자는 저포타시움혈증과 대사성 알칼리증, 저마그네슘혈증 및 요 중 칼슘 배설의 저하를 보였다. Bartter 증후군과 감별을 위하여 furosemide 및 hydrochlorothiazide를 이용한 신청소율 검사를 시행하였다. 수분 부하를 시행한 기저치(86.1%)에 비해서 furosemide를 투여한 후 distal fractional chloride reabsorption이 감소하였으나(9.7%) hydrochlorothiazide 투여 후에는 변화가 없었다(81.4%). 유전자 검사 결과 SLC12A3 유전자의 돌연변이(S967F)가 발견되었다. 신조직에서 면역조직화학법을 시행한 결과 정상 및 질환 대조군에서는 원위세관 세포의 내강 막 쪽에 NCCT가 뚜렷이 염색되었으나, Gitelman 증후군에서는 원위세관 세포의 NCCT에 대한 면역 반응성이 관찰되지 않았다. 반면에 Na/K-ATPase, Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, calbindin-D28K는 대조군과 대상 환자의 신조직에서 모두 관찰되었다. 결론 : 기능적 검사로 진단된 Gitelman 증후군 환자의 신조직에서 NCCT의 결함을 면역조직화학법으로 확인하였다. Background : Gitelman`s syndrome is an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria. It is known to be caused by a mutation of SLC12A3 gene coding the sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCCT) in the distal tubule. The defect of NCCT in human renal tissues has not been investigated, and we tested whether the defect of NCCT can be detected in renal tissue of a patient with Gitelman`s syndrome by using immunohistochemistry. Methods : In an adult patient with Gitelman`s syndrome, blood and urine samples were collected for measurement of biochemical parameters. Renal clearance study and gene analysis were performed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the renal tissue of the patient using a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against a synthetic peptide corresponding to a portion in the amino terminal tail for human NCCT. Normal human renal tissues from surgical nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma and renal biopsy tissues from patients with glomerulonephritis but without any electrolyte disturbance were used as controls. Results : The patient had hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia. Renal clearance study revealed a decrease in distal fractional chloride reabsorption after the administration of furosemide. SLC12A3 gene mutation (S967F) was found by direct sequencing method. Immunohistochemistry showed the absence of NCCT staining in the renal tissue of the patient. On the other hand, the immunostaining of other transporters was all positive in renal tissues from both Gitelman`s syndrome patients and controls. Conclusions : We report the absence of intact NCCT in the renal tissue of a Gitelman`s syndrome patient.(Korean J Med 69:642-650, 2005)

볼리비아 로즈목에 의한 다형홍반 양상을 보인 직업성 알레르기 접촉피부염 증례

신주연,홍윤철,임종한,박신구,이지나,김환철 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

배경 : 로즈목(rosewoods) 중 볼리비아 로즈목(Machaerium Scleroxyon)은 강력한 감작물질을 함유하고 있어서 외국에서는 이로 인한 자극 또는 알레르기 접촉피부염의 발생이 증가하고 있음에도 불구하고 지금까지 우리나라에서는 볼리비아 로즈목을 비롯한 수입목재에 의한 직업성 피부질환의 보고가 부족하였고, 이에 저자들이 볼리비아 로즈목에 의한 다형홍반 양상을 보인 직업성 알레르기 접촉피부염의 증례를 경험하였기에 보고하고자 한다. 증례 : 49세 남자로서 여러 가지 수입목재를 절단하고, 다듬는 작업을 하다가 소양감을 동반한 홍반성의 피부 증상이 발현되었고, 전신으로 증상부위가 확대되어 2주 동안 병원 입원 치료를 하게 되었으며, 이후 본원 산업의학과에서 피부첩포 검사 후 최종적으로 볼리비아 로즈목에 의한 알레르기 접촉피부염으로 확진되었다. 결론 : 수입목재들로 인한 직업성 피부질환 발생에 대한 광범위한 실테 조사가 필요하며, 이를 토대로 작업장에서의 직업성 피부질환의 발생을 감소시키기 위한 다각적인 예방, 관리 대책의 수립이 필요하다. Background: Woods are capable of causing allergic or irritant contact dermatitis which typically occurs on exposed areas. Because Bolivian rosewood exclusively contains the strong sensitizer R-3,4-dimethoxdalbergione, an increasing number of cases of initant and allergic contact dermatitis has been reported. Case report: A 49-year-old, male, wood worker, who handled a variety of woods, developed allergic contact dermatitis. A patch test confirmed a positive reaction to one of the exotic woods, Bolivian rosewood. Allergens found in Bolivian rosewood caused this patient's dermatitis, which cleared when he avoided &is wood. Conclusion: Exotic woods such as Bolivian rosewood can induce occupaiional contact dermatitis. Measures to lower the incidence of work-related dermatitis are needed in the workplace. Especially, when cutting or sanding woods, workers should wear proper personal protection.